Connecticut Farms. Springfield. Unexpected effect produced by
the reduction of Charles Town, in renewing and exciting the Spirit of
union and refiftance in America. Great hopes founded on the ex-
pected co-operation of a French fleet and army in the reduction of
New York, and the final expulfion of the British forces from that
continent. Marquis de la Fayette arrives from France. M. de
Ternay, and the Count de Rochambeau, arrive with a French fqua-
dron, and a body of land forces, and are put into poffeffion of the
fortifications and harbour of Rhode Island. Admiral Arbuthnot
blocks up the French fquadron. Difpofitions made by Sir Henry
Clinton for attacking the French auxiliaries. Gen. Washington
paffes the North River, with a view of attempting New York.
Expedition to Rhode land laid afide. Great difficulties experienced
by Don Bernard de Galvez, in his expedition to Weft Florida.
Befieges and takes the fort at Mobille. Great land and naval force
fent out from Spain, in order to join M. de Guichen in the West Indies.
Function of the hoftile fleets, notwithstanding the efforts of Admiral
Sir George Rodney, to intercept the Spanish Squadron and convoy.
Sickness and mortality in the Spanish fleet and army, with fome other
caufes, preferve the British islands from the imminent danger to which
they were apparently expofed by the great fuperiority of the enemy.
Thefe caufes operate ftill farther in their confequences; which affect
the whole face and nature of the war in the new world, and entirely
fruftrate the grand views formed by France and America, for the
remainder of the campaign. Spanish fleet and army proceed to the
Havannah; and M. de Guichen returns from St. Domingo, with
a convoy, to Europe. Great preparations made by the Americans
for effectually co-operating with the French forces on the arrival of
M. de Guichen. Washington's army increased for that purpose, to
20,000 men. Invafion of Canada intended, and preparatory pro-
clamations iffued by the Marquis de la Fayette. Caufes which pre-
vented M. de Guichen from proceeding to North America, Sir
George Rodney arrives, with a squadron, at New York.
[13

CHA P. III.

Dreadful hurricane in the West Indies. Deftruction and calamity in
Barbadoes, St. Lucia, Granada, St. Vincent. Great loffes fuftained
and dangers encountered, by the British naval force in thofe feas.
French iflands. Humanity of the Marquis de Bouille. Hurricane
in Jamaica. Town of Savanna la Mar overwhelmed. Large
tract of rich country, in a great measure deftroyed. Diftreffes and
great loffes of the Inhabitants. Bounty of the crown and parlia-
ment. Liberal benefactions of individuals. New-York. Nego-
ciation, between Sir Henry Clinton and the American Gen. Arnold.
Major André employed in the completion of the fcheme. Is taken
VOL. XXIV.

in difguile, on his return from the American camp. Avonus his

name and condition in a letter to Gen. Washington. Gen. Arnold

efcapes on board the Vulture fhip of war. Various letters written,

and means ineffectually used in order to fave Major André from

the impending danger. He is tried by a board of American Gene-

ral Officers. His candour and magnanimity on the trial: is fen-

tenced on his own confeffion, and the testimony of the papers which

were found upon him. Liberality with which he was treated, and

his fenfe of it. His untimely death clofes the tragedy. Unufual

fympathy which he excited in the American army.
Gen. Arnold is

appointed to a command in the British army. Publishes an address

to the inhabitants of America; and a proclamation, directed to the

officers and foldiers of the continental army. Diftreffes in the Ame-

rican army, and fome of their caufes.

CHA P. IV.

[30

War in South Carolina. State of affairs after the battle of Camden.

Inaction caused by the fickly feafon. Sequestration of Eftates. Col.

Furgufon defeated and killed on the King's Mountain. General

Sumpter routed by Col. Tarleton. Brig. Gen. Leflie fent on an

expedition from New York to the Chefapeak, Proceeds to Charles

Town, and joins Lord Cornwallis. Gen. Greene arrives in North

Carolina, and takes the command of the Southern American army.

Colonel Tarleton dispatched to oppofe Gen. Morgan, who advances

on the fide of Ninety-Six. Tarleton defeated with great lofs. Un-

fortunate confequences of the deftruction of the light troops under

Ferguson and Tarleton. Lord Cornwallis enters North Carolina

by the upper roads. Leaves Lord Rawdon with a confiderable

force at Camden, to reftrain the commotions in South Carolina. Vi-

gorous, but ineffectual purfuit of Morgan. Deftruction of the bag-

gage in the British army. Admirable temper of the troops. Ma-

fterly movements by Lord Cornwallis for paffing the Catawba.

General Williamfon killed, and his party routed. Militia furprized

and routed by Tarleton. Rapid purfuit of Morgan, who notwith-

Standing paffes the Yadkin, and fecures the boats on the other fide.

British army marches to Salisbury; from whence Lord Cornwallis

proceeds with the utmost expedition to feize the fords on the river

Dan, and thereby cut Greene off from Virginia. Succeeds in gain-

ing the fords. Rapid pursuit of the American army. Their escape

by unexpectedly paffing the Roanoke. Extraordinary exertions and

hardships of the British army. Proceeds to Hillborough. Expe

dition from Charles Town to Cape Fear River. Wilmington

taken, and made a place of arms and fupply. Gen. Greene, being

reinforced, returns from Virginia; and the British army marches

to

to Allemance Creek. Skirmish between Tarleton's corps and Lee's
legion. Greene falls back to the Reedy Fork. Strange defect of
intelligence, experienced by the British general in North Carolina.
American army being farther reinforced, Gen. Greene again ad-
vances. Movements on both fides preparatory to the battle of Guild-
ford. Account of that fevere and well-fought action. Britif
officers killed and wounded. Col. Webfter dies of his wounds. Gen.
Greene retires to the Iron Works on Troublesome Creek. Lord
Cornwallis obliged to march to the Deep River, through the want
of provifions and forage. Neceffities and diftreffes of the army ob-
lige Lord Cornwallis to proceed to Wilmington for Jupplies. Un-
ufual confequences of victory.
[50

CHA P. V.

Expedition to Virginia under General Arnold. State of grievances
which led to the mutiny in the American army. Penfylvania line,
after a fcuffle with their officers, march off from the camp, and
chufe a ferjeant to be their leader. Meffage, and flag of truce, pro-
duce no fatisfactory answer from the infurgents, who proceed first
to Middle Brook, and then to Prince Town. Meafures used by
Sir Henry Clinton to profit of this defection. He paffes over to
Staten Island, and fends agents to make advantageous propofals to
the mutineers. Proposals for an accommodation, founded on a
redress of grievances, made by Gen. Reed, and favourably received
by the infurgents; who march from Prince Town to Trenton upon
the Delaware, and deliver up the agents from Sir Henry Clinton.
Grievances redreffed, and matters finally fettled by a committee of the
congrefs. Ravages made by Arnold in Virginia, draw the atten-
tion of the French, as well as the Americans, to that country. Gen.
Washington dispatches the Marquis de la Fayette with forces to its
relief. Expedition to the Chefapeak, concerted by M. de Ternay,
and the Count Rochambeau, at Rhode Island, for the fame purpose,
and to cut off Gen. Arnold's retreat. Admirals Arbuthnot and
Graves encounter the French fleet, and overthrow all their defigns
in the Chesapeak. Lord Cornwallis's departure to Wilmington,
enables Gen. Greene to direct his operations to South Carolina. Si-
tuation of Lord Rawdon at Camden. American army appears
before that place. Greene attacked in his camp, and defeated. Ge-
neral revolt in the interior country of South Carolina. Difficulties
of Lord Rawdon's fituation, notwithstanding his victory. Obliged
to abandon Camden, and retire to Nelfon's Ferry, where he paffes
the Santee. British pofts taken, and general hoftility of the province.
Great havock made by the Generals Phillips and Arnold in Vir-
ginia. Extreme difficulties of Lord Cornwallis's fituation at Wil-
mington. Undertakes a long march to Virginia; arrives at Pe-
terfourgh,

P 2

terfburgh, and receives an account of Gen. Phillips's death. Arrival

of three regiments from Ireland at Charles Town, enables Lord

Rawdon to march to the relief of Ninety-Six. General Greene,

having failed in his attempt to take the fort by ftorm, raifes the fiege,

upon the approach of the British army, and is vigorously, but in-

effectually pursued. Works at Ninety-Six deftroyed, and the place

abandoned. Lord Rawdon marches to the Congarees; is difap-'

pointed in the expected junction of Col. Stuart, and narrowly escapes

being furrounded by the enemy, who had intercepted the intelligence

of Stuart's failure. He forces his way through Congaree Creek,

and is joined by Col. Stuart at Orangeburgh. Gen. Greene ad-

vances to attack the British army, but retires again in the night.

Campaign clofes, and fituation of the hoftile forces during the fickly

feafon. Incredible hardships fuftained, and difficulties furmounted,

by the British troops in the two Carolinas.

CHAP. VI.

[72

Great lofs fuftained by the Spanish fleet in a hurricane, on its way to

the attack of Weft Florida. Is refitted, and again proceeds from

the Havannah. Penfacola invefted by fea and land. Gallant de-

fence. Principal redoubt blown up by accident, which compels

Governor Chefter, and General Campbell, to a furrender. Weft

Indies. Ineffectual attempt on the island of St. Vincent. Dutch

ifland of St. Eustatius taken by the British fleet and army, under

Sir George Rodney and Gen. Vaughan. Prodigious booty. Iflands.

of St. Martin and Saba furrender. Dutch man of war and convoy,

on their return to Europe, purfued and taken. The fettlements of

Demerary, fequibo, and the Berbices, on the coaft of Surinam,

make a tender of fubmiffion to the British Government, and are

granted favourable conditions. Difcontents, complaints, and law-

fuits, occafioned by the confifcation of private property at St. Eufta-

tius. M. de Graffe arrives with a fleet and great convoy in the

Weft Indies from Europe. Engagement between him and the

Admirals Sir Samuel Hood and Drake, in the Channel of St. Lucia.

Sir George Rodney departs from St. Eustatius to oppofe the progress

of the enemy. Ineffective attempt made by the Marquis de Bouille

on the island of St. Lucia. French invafion of the island of Tobago.

Vigorous defence. Public Spirit of the planters. Surrendered by

capitulation. M. de Graffe, having efcorted a vaft convoy on its

way to Europe, proceeds with his fleet to the Chesapeak, Sir

George Rodney returns to England; and Sir Samuel Hood fails

with a fquadron to counteract the defigns of De Graffe at the

Chesapeak

[98

CHAP.

CHAP. VII.

Lord Cornwallis's progrefs in Virginia. Paffes the River James,

and the South Anna. Parties detached to fcour the interior country.

Arms and ftores deftroyed. Army falls back towards the fea. Rear

attacked on the march to Williamsburg. Action previous to paffing

the River James. Lord Cornwallis fortifies the pofts of York Town

and Gloucefter Point. Tranfactions on the fide of New York.

Function of the American army under Gen. Washington, and the

French forces under the Count de Rochambeau, on the White Plains.

Appearances of an attack on New York, Staten Island, and Sandy

Hook. Combined army fuddenly march to the Delaware, which

they pass at Trenton, and continuing their courfe through Philadel

phia, arrived at the head of Elk. Expedition, under the conduct

of Gen. Arnold, to New London. Desperate defence made at Fort

Grifwold, which is taken by ftorm, with confiderable lofs. New

London burnt. Great lofs fuftained by the Americans, in the de-

Struction of naval flores and merchandize. Sir Samuel Hood ar-

rives off the Chefapeak; and not meeting the fquadron from New

York proceeds to Sandy Hook. M. de Barras fails from Rhode

Iland to join the Count de Graffe. Admiral Graves departs from

New York. M. de Graffe arrives from the Weft Indies in the

Chefapeak. Engagement between the British and French fleets.

Lord Cornwallis's army closely blocked up on the fide of the Chefa-

peak. The combined army are conveyed by water from Baltimore,

and join the Marquis de la Fayette's forces at Williamsburg. Pofts

at York and Gloucefter clofely invested. Siege regularly formed, and

trenches opened by the enemy. Refolution of a council of war at

New York, to ufe every exertion of the fleet and army for the fuc

cour of the forces in Virginia. Unavoidable delay in refitting the

fleet. Sir Henry Clinton embarks, with 7000 land forces, on board

the men of war. Defences of York Town ruined, and the bat-

teries filenced, by the fuperior weight of the enemy's artillery. Take

two redoubts, and complete their fecond parallel. Successful fally.

The poft being no longer tenable, Lord Cornwallis attempts to pass

the troops over to Gloucefter Point in the night, but the defign is

fruftrated by a fudden form. He is obliged to enter into a capitu

lation with Gen. Washington. Conditions. The British fleet and

army arrive off the Chesapeak, five days after the furrender. [118

CHAP. VIII.

State of affairs during the recefs. Confequences of the riots in London.

Caufes which led to the diffolution of parliament. Refolutions of the

Yorkshire committee, and of other associated bodies. Delegates ap-

P 3

pointed