operations of the mind, he communicated to the friends with whom he was wont to converse, on those subjects, in a printed card, of which the following is a copy:

Multum in Parvo.

A CREED, Natural, invariable, and fundamental; ending where most creeds begin, yet in so far introductory to them as their con tents may be found to be conformable to it.

1st. That, by my nature, I now am, and ever have been, while awake, and in a state of sensibility, passively existing, under an incessant succession of conscious sensations or re-sensations, produced by causes internal or external; both these sensations and resensations naturally and necessarily implying my existence; but the latter only so implies my identity.

2d. That also, by my conscious sensations and re-sensations, produced by causes external, is as naturally and necessarily implied the existence of these externals of nature around me; and these two sorts of sensation, internally and externally caused, are the sole and invariable sources of my knowledge of my own existence, and that of external nature.

3d. That there ever has been, is, and must be, an existence.

4th. That the existence eternal or infinite in duration or time, must be also infinite in extension or space; for any utmost limits to either are not conceivable.

5th. That the eternal and infinite existence must be either nature universal, or an eternal and infinite cause of nature, which did

create, does sustain, and might annihilate nature.

6th. That which ever of the two be the eternal and infinite existence, whether nature or nature's cause, is as unnecessary as impossible for man by his nature only to know.

7th. That the best state of nature, with the best use of it by man, in as far as naturally productive of his greatest sum of happiness in all stages of his existence, whether in individuality or society, is ever the most essential object of his nature.

8th. That this most essential object is naturally self-evident to, and so enjoyed by, man, while an individual in solitude, or is competently attainable by him in that state, from the best use of nature and experience.

9th. That this fundamental and important truth, although by nature in man, it was not only prior to, and independent of, any human laws of revealed religion, but must still be equally so in a supposed state of totally uneducated and perfectly solitary individuality; yet in that of society it will admit or require the concurring aids of both law and religion, in as far as they may be useful or necessary for the said most essential object.

10th. That, lastly, the expediency or necessity in society for these aids from law and religion, will be precisely in proportion to the deficiency or inefficacy of the best use of right reason or natural religion; and the degree of perfection in both laws and religions for mankind, must necessarily and exactly be in the ratio of their conformity and conduciveness to the most essential object of human na

ture,

ture, as stated in the seventh artile of this creed.-London, 1792.

The general, after printing and distributing this card, bethought himself that a neater and more satisfactory, though not in reality a more comprehensive and complete analysis and arrangement of the human mind, would be "sensations, re-sensations, and co-sensations; ' the last called up, whether by sensation or re-sensation, by the wellknown principle of the association of ideas. And he was wont to ask his literary friends if they could mention any idea or process of thinking, that might not be reduced to one or other of these heads. One of these, noted for self-sufficiency and briskness of manner, said, without hesitation, and with an air of triumph, "Most certainly I do." "What is it?" " Why, comparison." "I grant you," replied the general, we have in comparison, not one idea of sensation or resensation only, but we have two.'

Another friend, to whom the general put the same question, said that neither consciousness of identity, nor even of existence, could be traced to sensation merely, or quatenus sensation; i. e. to the first sensation, or a few of the first sensations. For both identity and existence were abstractions not obtained by mere sensation, quatenus sensation, but by some posterior process. The general listened to this patiently. But he still maintained the justness of his own analysis. Some weeks afterwards, however, he said to the same person, I have been thinking of adding a "fourth limb tomy structure;" so that the analysis will run thus, "sensation, re-sensation, cosensation, and PRO-SENSATION;

VOL. LI.

by which last he seemed to undestand what is called in the schools, simple apprehension, without any consideration either of actual existence, or of any relation to other objects. It was not the conversation just noticed, about existence and identity, or at least this alone, that drove the general to PRO-SENSATIONS, but professor Stewart's Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind, illustrating and confirming Dr. Reid's theory.-What the doctor calls suggestion, general Melville called pro-sensation; and this he contended was the just appellative-" For," said he, "what does any thing suggest? certainlysomething known before; otherwise it could not be suggested. But, if known before, what other could it possibly be than an idea, or notion, if you will? (Some conversation had taken place about a difference between notion and idea), Answer me that question ?"

It ought not to be omitted that general Melville was a completely well-bred gentleman; uniting, with good sense, and a natural benevolence and frankness of disposition (which are the grand basis of good manners), a long and great acquaintance with the polite world, and with all ranks of society. He retained as much of the ceremony, or outward demonstrations of respect of the old school, as must appear quite proper in the eye of sound criticism, and no more. In the present age, some fashionable people are so far from overwhelming you with attentions in their own houses, that they take little if any notice of you. They seem to study nothing so much as their own 3 D

case

case. This indifference is really a step backward into barbarism. Expressions of kindness and endearment nourish kind and endearing sentiments. Without such overt expressions or recognizances, social sentiments are apt to languish.

General Melville, while in private life, was the friend of "the widow, of the orphan, and of those who have no helper;" in public he was a ready and a liberal contributor to the support of the most valuable charitable establishments. The Scotch Corporation, or hospital, in London, by its management, as well as by its constitution, perhaps the least susceptible of abuse, of the multitude of similar benevolent institutions, will long remember the services, and long regret the loss of its venerable recruiting general. The patron of unassuming merit, the encourager of ingenuous youth, his stores of knowledge were ever open to the candid inquirer. A genuine and ardent lover of truth, in every pursuit in which mankind can be interested, and from whatever quarter it proceeded, truth was ever by him. mos cordially received. By the uniform tenor of his conduct, general Melville evinced himself to be, in the strictest sense of the terms, the true friend and lover of his country.

General Melville was a fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies of London and Edinburgh, by the university of which last city, his alma mater, he was honoured with the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was also an honorary member of the Board of Agriculture, and an active member of the Society in London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com

merce. Although he never haď a regiment, a home-government, or any other military emolument whatever, since he quitted the West Indies, he was appointed a full general on the 12th of October, 1798; and at his decease was, with one exception, the oldest general in the Britsh army.

Dying a bachelor, general Melville is succeeded in name and estate by his cousin, John Whyte Melville, of Bennochy, in the county of Fife, esq.

General Melville had nearly completed his eighty-sixth year, having been born at Monimail, in that county, of which parish his father was minister, on the 12th of October, 1723; his mother was a daughter of Robert Whyte, of Bennochy, esq. advocate, and a sister of the late celebrated Dr. Robert Whyte (Whytt) his majesty's physician in Scotland, and professor of medicine in the university of Edin. burgh.

Major Stanhope.

The honourable Charles Bankes Stanhope, who was slain in the field of battle, near Corunna, in the 24th year of his age, was the second son of earl Stanhope. At an early period, for reasons not necessary to be here assigned, he and his brother, the honourable James Hamilton Stanhope, now a lieutenant in the first regiment of foot-guards, quitted the house of lord Stanhope, and placed themselves under the protection of Mr. Pitt, by whom they were ever

after

after treated not only with the attention of a guardian, but with the affectionate care of an indulgent father. The genius of Mr. Stanhope inclined him to a military life; and his wishes being made known to the duke of York, his royal highness presented him to an ensigncy, without purchase, in the twenty-fifth regiment of infantry, then stationed at Gibraltar. There he served for some time under the command of the duke of Kent, and by his punctuality in the discharge of professional duties, the integrity of his principles, and the mildness of his disposition, which tempered his extraordinary firmness and intrepidity, acquired the esteem of his superiors, and the respect and friendship of his equals. On his return to England, he was promoted to a company in the fifty-second, commanded by general Moore. A long course of regimental duty, under such a leader, inspirited by his own military ardour, and improved by the strictest attention, and most persevering industry, gave him a perfect knowledge of the discipline and order of his own regiment. The merits of captain Stanhope were not likely to be unnoticed, or undervalued by sir John Moore, from whom he received the most satisfactory mark of his approbation, in being appointed one of his aids-de-camp. To that skilful of ficer he looked up, as to the perfect model of military excellence. He studied his theory, entered into his plans, and by the free and friendly intercourse which the kindness of the general allowed him, was enabled to familiarize himself with the different branches

of the military art. In attending that general to Sicily, he had an opportunity of increasing his knowledge of the world, as well as extending his military pursuits; and on his return from that country, was promoted to the rank of major, in the sixth garrison-battalion then in Ireland. Major Stanhope's knowledge of his profession was well known to his grace the late duke of Richmond, who immediately placed him on his staff, but at the same time kindly dispensed with his services at the castle, that, by the habit of discharging his regimental duties, he might further pursue that perfection which he was ambitious to attain In the garrison-battalion, however, he did not long remain, but exchanged into the fiftieth regiment, and obtained permission to accompany his gallant general to Sweden, where the inactivity of the army little corresponded with his anxious wish of being engaged in active service. He returned from Sweden with general Moore, and landed with him in Portugal soon after the battle of Vimiera, where he was ordered to join the first battalion of his regiment, major Hill having been disabled by a wound. He accompanied the army in its laborious march from Lisbon, and the borders of Castile, and during the toilsome and melancholy period of its retreat to Corunna. On the arrival of the British troops at that place, the fiftieth was one of the regiments destined to form the outposts, and was stationed next to the fourth regiment, on the right of the British position.

Major Stanhope, though at that