SECT. II. The Religion, Government, Laws, Cuf-
toms, Learning, Arts, and Commerce
of the Jews,

Laws against Idolatry, and for the pure
Worfhip of the only true God,
Laws positive and negative, concerning the
Sabbath, Paffover, and other Feftivals,
Holidays, and Fasts,

Laws concerning the three grand Festivals,
the Paffover, the Feaft of Weeks, and

the Feast of Tabernacles,

116

119

121

Of the Paffover,

The Feaft of Weeks, or Pentecost,

The Feaft of the Tabernacles,

122

ibid.

124

125

The Feast of the Trumpets and New Moons, 126

Laws concerning the Priests,

127

128

130

131

134

135

142

143

ibid.

149

151

Laws concerning the Levites,

Laws concerning the Six Cities of Refuge, 153

II. Of Things confecrated to the Service of

God,

156

Of the Mercy-feat and Ark of the Teftimony, 158
Laws of the Second Table, concerning the
Jewish Government, and the Customs
relating to it,

166

Laws

Laws against coveting another's Property, ibid.
An Abridgement of fome other mixed
Laws relating to Food, Raiment, Plant-
ing, Sowing, Decency and Cleanliness ;

SECT.III. Of the Jewish Chronology, from Abraham's Vocation to the Babylonifh Cap

tivity,

224

IV. The Jewish Hiftory, from Abraham to

Mofes,

239

V. The Hiftory of the Jews, from the Begin
ning of their Egyptian Bondage, to their
Entrance into the Land of Canaan,

VI. The Hiftory of the Jews under Joshua. The
Conqueft and Partition of the Land of

280

Canaan,

349

VII. The Hiftory of the Jews under the Judges,

from the Death of Joshua to Saul their

First King,

359

VIII. The Hiftory of the Jews under their mo-
narchical Government,

379

The Purchafers of the Univerfal Hiftory are requested to poftpone the binding of their Volumes till the Ancient Part is finished; when a General Preface, of confiderable length, will be given, to be prefixed to the First

Volume.

ERRAT A in VOL. I.

Page 18. 1. 22. read as the reft-p. 69. 1. 10. r. larger-p. 121. 1. 22. dele in-p. 146. 1. 40. r. two firft-p. 159. 1. 44. r. the hundred -p. 341. l. 5, from the bottom, r. of his own.

DIRECTIONS for placing the COPPER-PLATES.

Phoenician Towers,

to face p. 5

Map of Palestine,

50

View of the Inner Porch, Altar, &c. on the Feaft of

Tabernacles,

125

The Jewish High-Prieft on the Day of Expiation,
The Jewish High-Priest in his Pontifical Habit,

132

149

The Golden Candlestick,

160

The Brazen Laver,

162

Map of the Journey in the Wilderness, and of the
Conqueft and Partition of the Land of Ca-

naan by the Children of Ifrael.

The Camp of the Ifraelites,

Plan of the Temple of Jerufalem, built by king

Solomon,

Plan of the City of Jerusalem,

304

336

475

486

AN

Univerfal History,

FROM THE

Earliest Accounts, to the Prefent Time.

C

CHA P. VI.

The Hiftory of the Phenicians.

SECT. I.

The Defcription of Phanice.

HE tract we commonly call Phoenicia, is more ac

curately termed Phoenice.

Whence it borrowed the name, is not determined. Name. Some derive it from one Phoenix"; others", from the Greek word Phoenix, fignifying a palm, or date, as if that tree remarkably abounded in this country. Some again fuppofe that Phoenice is originally a translation of the Hebrew word Edom, from the Edomites, who fled hither in the days of David. By the contraction of Canaan it was alfo called Chna, and anciently Rhabbothin, and Colpitis (A). The Jews commonly named it Canaan *; though

d

though fome part of it, at least, they knew by the name of Syrophonice b (B). Such were the names peculiar to this fmall country; though Phoenice was fometimes extended to all the maritime countries of Syria and Judæa, and Canaan to the Philistines, and even to the Amalekites. On the contrary, thefe two names, and the rest, were moft generally fwallowed up by thofe of Palestine and Syria(C).

The proper Phoenice, as far as we can gather from the ancient geographers, lay between the 34th and 36th degrees of north latitude; bounded by Syria on the north and the east, by Judæa on the fouth, and by the Mediterranean on the weft. There is fome difagreement among authors with respect to the northern limits of this country. Ptolemy makes the river Eleutherus the boundary of Phoenice to the north; but Pliny d, Mela, and Stephanus, place it in the ifland of Aradus, lying north of that river. Strabo obferves, that fome will have the river Eleutherus to be the boundary of Seleucis, on the fide of Phoenice and Coelefyria f. On the coaft of Phoenice, and fouth of the river Eleutherus, ftood the following cities: Simyra, Orthofia, Tripolis, Botrys, Byblus,. Palæbyblus, Berytus, Sidon, Sarepta, Tyrus, Palætyrus. Simyra is mentioned by Pliny and Mela as ftanding at a fmall diftance from the river Eleutherus. Strabo calls it Taxymera, which is fuppofed to be a mistake. Next to Simyra, Pliny and Mela place Marathos, which the latter calls a city of fome note; but neither Ptolemy nor Strabo take notice of it. Orthofia, or Orthofias, is mentioned by Ptolemy, Strabo, Pliny, and the author of the first book of the Maccabees %.

5.

b Mark viii. 26. c Zephan. ii. d Plin. lib. v. cap. 20. e Mela. lib. ii. cap. 7. f Strabo. lib. xvi. p. 518. g1 Maccab. XV.37.

mifcuoufly used for each other, and particularly the two former. Phoenice and Palestine, fays Stephanus Byzantinus, were the fame. As for Syria, we have already obferved that, in its largest extent, it fometimes comprehended Phoenice and Cœlefyria. Herodotus plainly confounds these three names; we mean, ufes one for the other indifferently.