The corn mill on the lands of Miltown is the property of the Reverend Dr. Walsh and is let at present for fifty pounds per annum, which is the full value of it; the other mill at Bert belongs to Mr. Burgh, and is a ruin; but supposing that it also is worth fifty pounds per annum, the value of both at sixteen years purchase, which is the highest rate at which such property could be sold, would amount only to £1,600; and therefore by the expenditure of so small a sum of money as this, in the purchase of these mills at Bert and Miltown, the country along the Finnery river, between the bog and the river Barrow, would be preserved from inundation, even under the great increase which must take place in the waters of the Finnery river, by draining of the bog.

are allowed by their continuance at this, day, when the value of land is,so great, to cause considerable tracts of country to be overflowed, to the great deterioration of their value, and consequent injury not only of their properties, but of the nation.

When these matters are considered, and also that by reclaiming the bog, employment would be afforded to the industry of the poorer orders of the people in the neighbourhood of the bog, and that the salubrity of the air would be greatly improved thereby; topics which can never be considered irrelative to the discussion of the expediency of any public undertaking, I conceive that it is extremely desirable that this bog should be reclaimed, and indeed all the other bogs in this district.

reports, to believe that this nuisance can be suffered to exist. A subscription among the landholders ought to have purchased its destruction long ago.

The processes recommended for improving these bogs are various: drainage is the leading feature of them all, The idea of converting the drains necessary for that purpose, in some places, into navigable canals, is happy. The system of drains in others is judicious.

And this is not the only advantage What can be added, to this? Three which would be derived from the pros- thousand per annum sacrificed to maintrating of this weir, for a considerable part tain a mill of fifty pounds rent! It reof the country on each side of the river Bar-quires all the confidence due to official row upwards, from it to Monasterevan, and which is subject to injury from being in undated by that river, in consequence of the obstruction of its course by this weir, `would be protected from being overflowed; and I am sure that all these lands, as well those which lie along the banks of the Finnery river, as those which extend along the banks of the Barrow to Monasterevan, and which amount together to no less than three thousand plantation acres, would be so much improved in their value, by being thus protected from the ravages of the Finnery and Barrow rivers, which frequently destroy and carry away the crops that grow upon them, that instead of setting at one pound per acre, which is the rent they upon an average now produce, and which is a high rent for them under their present circumstances, would set for a rent of two pounds or two guineas per acre; but taking this new rent at but two pounds per acre, there will thus be occasioned by this intended improvement, an increase in their rent of three thousand pounds per annum, which calculated at twenty years purchase, would amount to sixty thousand pounds.

It appears almost incredible, that a weir capable of causing so much mischief, should have been allowed to remain; but those who are acquainted with the different parts of Ireland, are aware of innumerable instances, where weirs constructed for the supply of mills, and even for the much less valuable purpose of catching fish, (and which were originally constructed at a time when land was of little value, and which it must be presumed was the case with respect to the weirs in question),

Great hopes also are entertained on the effects of irrigation, where it can be employed; although, at first sight, the notion of watering spots which have been rendered waste by superfluity of water, seems to be an absolute misapplication. But, we must recollect, that irrigation consists in the command of water; in draining it off as well as letting it on to the land; and that water is, in all probability, chiefly useful for what it brings with it, and deposits. Nature, in fact, has given the hint for this operation; and nature never fails in principle, though not seldom requiring assistance. The qualities of the products it should appear are much improved from this cause.

In a part of these bogs, and on the road side from Lough Glyn to Crenane bridge, there may be seen a very curious example of the effects of natural irrigation on Red bog. This irrigation is occasioned by the springs from the north end of Aughadresdan, which forms a small deep lough on

about one or two feet of the trunk remaining attached to them; the trunks are often got near them, on the same level with the root, but lying in an horizontal situation, or nearly so, sometimes with and sometimes without the branches.

I have not in any instance seen the roots of the fir tree upset, or the trunk adhering to the root. The roots are found numerous and very often without any trunks; in all cases the roots are decidedly the most numerous, even where the trunks are found in the greatest abundance.

On examining some hundreds of these firs, I have not yet perceived the marks of cutting or burning, they appear to have fallen from decay, and to have been parally destroyed by time; the external fibrous part very much decayed, but the internal part of the trunk sound; the timber is used for many essential purposes, and bears a high price at presept. The fir root and trunks possess a high degree of inflammability, from the resin they contain, which have found in a concrete state in great. quantities in the roots, between the bark and woody fibre; in one instance I have met with it in the vicinity of fir tree roots, oozing out of a turf bank in

Mr. Aher reporting on the bogs of smail quantities, assuming the appearance Tipperary, says,

Oak and yew trees are also found scat- thur Young, that the agriculture of Ire tered near the verge of the bogs, but not land required a capital of at least by any means so general as the fir; they eighteen millions to be added to that rest mostly on clay or gravel, seldom with already engaged in it, in order to bring a foot of peat between the trunk and the gravel; these trunks are found attached it up to that level of which it is suscepto a part of the root, at least very rarely tible,-to the level, for instance, of Engwithout it, so as to prove they were nei-land. About one third of that sum, ther ent or burned, but probably fell might, possibly, be expended in reclaimfrom decay, assisted by a tempest; theying the Bogs of the country; and such lie horizontally, the ends not pointing in an expenditure would require much preany particular direction, and are not found vious caution. as far in the interior of the bog as the fir them demand little more than judgment That small portions of trees, but yet frequently covered with and labour, is true; and the neighboureight or ten feet of turf; their being almost invariably attached to their roots, ing gentlemen who are owners, would forms a striking contrast with the fir trees, do well, for many reasons, to direct which I have never found so. their consideration to the subject; and to determine on their proper allotments or shares, without recourse to that expensive remedy, litigation.

The yew is much esteemed for its neatness and durabilty in furniture, to which purpose it is generally applied by the farmers, being perfectly sound and retaining its natural colour.

The oak, some of which becomes black, is highly valued for its great hardness and strength, and therefore always brings a high price; this black oak as it is called, probably receives its colour from the iron held in chemical solution in the water, and theGallic acid in that timber, acting on each other; the blackness is greater where it ought to be expected, namely, at the last growth of woody fibres, where the vessels for secreting it from the other juices of the living tree are placed; its blackness has induced many to imagine that the tree had been partially burned or charred, which it much resembles.

That the principle should be reduced should be anxious to see progress made to practice, and that the Irish public in this national work, is natural. Whether it might be best accomplished by chartered companies, under legislative authority and direction, is not to be hastily decided: we know, that such companies have accomplished such astonishing things among us; and there is no want of capital, were the public conviction of the probability of profitable return, complete. It must, however, be acknowledged, that what with FIRE companies, and WATER companies, I have seen but one tree of elm in the and LIGHT companies, and CANAL combog; it was found near a river, was to-panies, the superfluous capital of our lerably sound and attached to its root, lying in an horizontal direction, the internal part was blackish and the external part of the wood was grey, for an inch in thickness.

Almost all the islands in the bog are called derries, and sometimes woods; the word derry may be a corruption of the Irish daire, which signifies an oak wood.

inerchants and gentry, is pretty much absorbed. There has been a talk of advancing public money on this undertaking; and it is certainly true, that under certain circumstances, the assistance af the national purse would greatly facilitate the adventure; but, as the Board observe, very judiciously,

There are very few aged trees growing in these bogs, except the holly, which ficulties would prescit themselves in selectIt must not be forgotten, that great difare met with ten feet high, and are founding, amongst the numerous applications growing in great luxuriance on compact peat of eight or ten feet in depth; hazel, willow, and white-thorn trees are found growing in the vales of the rivers which run through the bogs.

The largest trunks of fir trees which I have seen in the bog, were two feet six inches diameter, near the root, and forty feet in length; the oak was not quite as large, the yew less than the oak.

It was remarked, long ago, by Ar

preferred to the Board for the loan of money repayable without interest, the proper instances in which to accept them; that the task of ascertaining that the money when lent was really applied to the professed object, would be no less embarassing; and that finally the board might become involved in endless law suits, in endeavouring to enforce the recovery of the sums advanced, where the adventurers had happened to be unsuccessful.

however mighty, has been allowed to confine it.

tegrity of Mr. Park's report, in every respect;-that, on the question of the Leaving that undecided, we know that Slave Trade, friendship should have Africa, instead of being desolate, swarms biassed him-not to a deviation from with inhabitants; that the Negro popu-truth-for of that, we trust, he was inlation, much of which is Pagan, groans capable-but, to the adoption of terms under the tyranny of the Moors, or Mo-in his account of African slavery, which hammedan Arabs; and that these are were not the natural offspring of his real sufficiently alive to their own interest to sentiments. It is said, that Mr. Bryan feel the importance of preventing the Edwards, the antagonist of the abolition, access of Europeans to those markets then Secretary to the African Associwhere they find purchasers for commoation, exercised an influence over Mr. dities, which they have obtained, prin- Park's mind, favourable to his owa ripally from cities near the coasts.-views-whence the silence of the traThey know also the enterprizing spi-veller spoke more forcibly than the arrit of their dreaded rivals; with the sti- guments of others. snulus of commercial adventure. Having been surpassed in Asia, where the sea was beyond their controul, their jealousy urges them to render journeys by land extremely dangerous, and even fatal to all intruders.

We can neither affirm nor deny the truth of this representation: but we think too highly of Mr. Park's integrity to admit the charge in its full extent, implicitly. The advice of a friend, the services of an editor, are perfectly conFeeling our present state of ignorance sistent with the strongest devotion to as a reproach, and strongly desirous truth and sincerity. Africa is, certainly, of terminating it; aware also, that the land of slavery, as a condition of life, Africa offered markets for the pro--and of predatory excursions, by the ducts of our industry, and might furnish valuable returns to no trifling amount, a number of gentlemen associated for the purpose of effecting discoveries in the interior of this vast continent.

Hence the adventurous missions of Mr. Ledyard, Mr. Lucas, Major Houghton, and Mr. Horneman; hence those of Mr. Nichols, Mr. Bouchard, &c. Hence, those of Mr. Park, the immediate subject of this volume. Few travelfers have had the good fortune to excite public curiosity to the same degree as Mr. P. had excited that emotion among all ranks of his countrymen, when he returned from his first expedition, in the year 1797. The then state of the legislative, and the general, discussions on the slave trade; the anticipation of cor

chiefs, in which anany slaves are made

whether, or not, the evil was aggra valed by the unfeeling interference of Europeans. It continues so to be; and will so continue till the happy time arrive when better knowledge shall transform the inhabitants from their present character of half-human half-brute, to that perfection of nature, of which they are capable,to humanity completed in Christianity.

But, let us do them justice. The compassion exhibited by the Negroes toward Mr. Park in his first journey, amidst their own sufferings, stands recorded to their eternal honour; and from all that can be learned, the fata} termination of his last attempt, must be attributed to the Moors, not to the Nerect and unbiassed evidence from Mr. groes. The Moors are the masters of Park, with the entire novelty of the the country, and they retain, together main articles in his report, and the in-with the deceptive want of principle of fluence of the patronage under which he acted, operated in his favour, with a combination of powers, altogether unusual, if not unprecedented. It gives us pain to find by an introduction to the present volume, that there should be so Our readers already know, that much as a surmise prejudicial to our un- neither Mr. Park, nor any of his comreserved dependence on the perfect in-pany returned to narrate their adven

the Asiatics, the haughtines and tyranny which marks their race; inflamed it may be, by the ardent beams of a vertical sun, exalting every passion, and violently urging every caprice.