and languages of those people; in which he supports the opinion of writers who derive the Wallachian from the latin, and that of the Bohemians (gypsies) as a dialect from Hindoostan. His volume is entitled Carnali, &c. 1 vol. 8vo. Milan. roni in Duria. Mie Osservazioni locali, natio

M. Petrouzopaulo, of Leucadia, a learned patriot, has lately published at Florence a work on the Antiquities and History of the Leucadian Islands, so famous among the ancients. He possesses a cabinet of medals, rich as those struck at Leucadia, also a considerable number of inscriptions.

HUNGARY.

A new Journal in the Hungarian language Quarto commenced with the year 1814. It is published weekly at Vienna, and treats on moral and domestic economy. It is called Xarai gazda, the Patriotic Economist; and justifies its title by its contents. It is conducted by M. Fr. Petke de Kis Szanto.

ITALY.

Sig. Cancellari, one of the most learned Antiquaries of Rome, published some time ago a very curious work, which he entitled Le Sette Cose fatuli di Roma Antica; the Seven things fatal to Ancient Rome. They are, he says, 1. the needle of the Mother of the Gods. 2. The Quadriga (or chariot of four horses) of Creta de Veienti. 3. the Ashes of Orestes. 4. the Sceptre of Priam. 5. the Veil of Ilium. 6. the Sacred Shields. 7. the Palladium. Sig. C. also illustrates three other things fatal to Troy; as, the death of Troilus, grandson of King Priam; with the introduction of the wooden horse, by the Scean gate; also, the carrying away of the white horses of Rhesus, king of Thrace, with the bow and arrows left by Hercules with Philoctetes. An explication of the mysterious powers attributed to the nambers three and seven, concludes the work.

Whether there be any thing ominous in these numbers, we pretend not to say; but we remember a Pasquinade current in Rome, which found similar misfortunes in the number Six. It was in these words:

The Saggio di Poesie, or Attempts at Poetry, by Guilio Geronino, of Naples, 1 vol. 8vo. are spoken of as being among the best Odes and Poems, chiefly Anacreontic, which have appeared in Modern italy. The Odes of the Abbé Giovanni Meili, one of the most distinguished Poets of Sicily, are added to those of Sig. Gerouno.

The Academy of the Italian language and literature, at Florence, has been employed during some years in publishing or patronizing various works relative to the improvement, or perfecting, of the Italian tongue. One of the principal is entitled Elenco di Alcune Parole oggidi frequente mente in use, lequali non sono ne'vocabulari Italiani, i vel. 8vo. Milan.

POLAND.

The first volume of a general history of the literature of Poland, by Felix Bentkowski, has been lately published at Warsaw. The work is preceded by au introduction, in which the State of Literature in Poland is considered, as well generally, as more particularly.

The history is divided into periods, in the first section; and describes the most ancient documents known to be extant in the Polish language, including notices of authors who have written in this language. The second section is devoted to the history of Poetry and Eloquence. The second volume will contain the history of literature, of philosophy, of jurisprudence, of mathematical studies, of natural history, natural philosophy, &c. We are glad to see Poland raising her head on the subject of Literature; it is truly honourable to the author who attempts the task, and to his country which furnishes the means and materials.

PRUSSIA.

A map of the seat of war in the years 1815, 1814, on two sheets, is in a forward state of preparation by the best engraver■

of Berlin. Each sheet is three feet two inches high, by two feet eight inches wide. It will contain representations of all the battles, actions, sieges, &c. from the beginning of the war to the affair at Paris. The plates will be accompanied by an historical commentary in two volumes octavo. The text will be translated, and published at the same time in English and French. The best edition will be printed on English paper; but there will be a cheaper edition on German paper, at half the price of the former, or two Frederics d'or.

History of the War in the Tyrol. When the inhabitants of the Tyrol resisted the aggressions of the French, and defended their country, as became freemen, some years ago, our countrymen throughout Britain, were deeply interested in their favour. The history of that war has lately been published at Berlin, by J. L. S. Batholdy, in 1. vol. 8vo. under the title of Der Krieg der Tyroler, &c. The History of the Tyrolese War. The two first chapters comprise a description of the geographical situation, the productions, the commerce, and the constitution of the Tyrol: including the character, manuers, and customs of the inhabitants, with explanation of the influence of these circumstances in the insurectional war.

The chiefs were mostly peasants possessed of some property, and following the trade of inn-keeper, or publican, by which calling, they became acquainted with many among their countrymen. Few among

them could read and write.

The most conspicuous was André Hofer, publican in the valley of Passeyk, Joseph Spekbacher, an Agriculturist of Rynn, and Haspinger, a Capuchin brother. The object of the insurrection was to avoid becoming subject to the dominion of Bavaria, and to maintain the former relation of the country with Austria, which power, sent the Marquis de Chasteler to direct the operations, and organize the population. This was extremely difficult; and to form them into battalions was scarcely possible; these independent marks men were much more strongly inclined to go together in troops of their own forma tion, and to fight in straggling parties, conducted by their own inclinations, and by chiefs of their own choosing.

The Bavarians, repulsed at first, returned with greater force, and avenged themselves in the most dreadful mauner. The Aus trian Ceneral was defeated, and obliged by the events of the war in Italy to abandon the Tyrol.

The Tyrolese who had repulsed the Ba

varians, were at length attacked by a corps of the French army, commanded by Marshal Lefevre, who entered Inspruck, May 19, 1809, but was obliged by a defeat he suffered on Mount Isel, on the 29th, to retreat and after several bloody actions to evacuate the Tyrol, except the fortress of Kuffstein.

It was at the battle on Mount Isel, that André Hofer fought in person in the midst of the throng, while his two companions in arins, Spekbacher, and the Capuchin Haspinger, distinguished themselves by the greatest intrepidity. Before the battle the Capuchin performed mass, and then put himself at the head of his troops. The action lasted with incredible fury from six o'clock in the morning, till very far into the following night.

The Tyrol being relieved from the presence of the enemy by the retreat of Marshall Lefevre, a new army of French and Bavarians, attempted an invasion, and the combats began to assume the character of rage and fury, when the news was received of the peace concluded at Vienna, by which Austria renounced the Tyrol. This threw the Tyrolese into utter consternation: yet their chiefs, informed, or uninformed, continued their warlike operations, The Capuchin Haspinger proposed even to invade the country around Salzburgh, to proclaim an insurrection, and to extend their views by Carinthia, and Styria, to the gates of Vienna. These offensive operations of the three chiefs, notwithstanding the peace, were deemed rebellion, and caused their ruin. They were out-lawed, and obliged to seek security in flight. Hofer withdrew to the mountains, where he was discovered by a party of French, was taken to Mantua, and there was shot. He had received from Austria the title of Commander-in-Chief in the Tyrol; a chain of gold with the medal of honour, and the sum of 3,000 s ducats for his operations. Of the two other chiefs, Spckbacher contrived, after incredible labours and dangers, to arrive safe at Vienna; where he subsisted on the produce of a small landed property. As to the Capuchin, not choosing to trust to the anmnesty proclaimed by the French, and pursued by the reproaches of the peasants who accused him of abandoning them, he escaped in November 1810, into Italy, and from thence to Vienna; where he obtained a small pension.

To this History several documents are annexed, as letters, orders issued by Hofer, &c. The most deserving of notice is an extract from the reports concerning the colony of Koenigsgrade, founded on the frontiers of Turkey, as a residence for such

Tyrolese as had forsaken their country, because it was delivered into the power of their enemies.

RUSSIA.

Dr. Hamel of Petersburgh, sent to England, has transmitted to the minister of the interior in Russia, particulars of a new method of converting dead animal flesh into a species of animal wax, resembling spermaceti.

Dr. Schaeffers, physician at Petersburgh, has been nominated to the station of naturalist to the new expedition prepared by Russia for a second voyage round the world, understood to be commanded by Capt. Krusenstern. Dr. Schaeffers, and several other persons designed to form part of this expedition are arrived in London.

We formerly noticed the departure of the ship Souarrow, from Portsmouth, in June 1814, with supplies to the Russian colonies on the north west coast of America. This vessel, it is known, had orders to endeavour to find a passage homeward by the way of Behring's Straits, and the Frozen Ocean: in short, to find a course, if possible, to Archangel, whether by the American continent, or by the Asiatic continent, Siberia, &c.

The seventh edition of a Sermon preached at Cadiz, by Father Blasius Ostolaza, has issued from the Spanish press! Whether this necessity for such almost unprecedented exertions to supply the public demand be owing to the intrinsic excellence of the Rev. Father's composition, to the energy of his language, or to the interest involved in his subject; the world, perhaps, will be better able to judge after the fury of perusal is, somewhat cooled. If all sermons published in Spain are read with equal avidity -what a wonderful idea does this simple fact afford of the piety of the Peninsula! — And truly the Spanish nation ought to be pious, if it bears any proportion to the exuberant piety of their Sovereign-on which, the Reverend Father Blasius Ostolaza enlarges, with wonderful delight, and more than miraculous unction. He describes the occupation of Ferdinand VII. at Valentia. That Sovereign, he informs us, passed a part of the morning in prayers, confessions, and exercises of piety.-Then be directed his devotion to the embroidering of a silk gown and petticoat to adorn the image of the Holy Virgin!!! His devotion did not go unrewarded; for falling asleep, after the fatigue of his labours, the Virgin appeared to him in a dream,described herself as highly gratified by his religious

attentions; and promised him a speedy reestablishment on his throne! Father Blasius Ostolaza, narrates further, that the heavenly Virgin was not without earthly rivals; for certain French demoiselles-Parisians, beyond all doubt or denialnot of the most devout description, nor intent on the good of the church, were suspected by the pious father of meditating an ungodly effect of their charms on the saintly monarch. Happily the eagle-eyed protector in spirituals of this exemplary Sovereign, discovered the snare-repelled him from the toils-promptly administered spiritual assistance, and kept his pupil faithful to the Queen of Heaven!!!

It is but fair that in a sermon preached and published to acquaint the Spaniards with the religious propensities of their King, the good father who preached the sermon, and who presided so felicitiously over the royal conscience, should say something of himself: what an honour is such a man to his Convent! to his Order!-Well, we do not wonder-nor the reader, by this time, that his sermon has reached the SEVENTH edition. It cannot be as a satire that this performance is so popular, whatever some may pretend to fancy-for the Reverend Father Blasius Ostolaza, is be

yond denial, Confessor and Director to Ferdinand VII.; and these particulars are preached and published by him ex officio. given as proofs of piety, in a sermon,

M. Llorente presented, soon after the abolition of the Inquisition in 1808, a Memoir to the Royal Academy of History in Madrid, which was printed by that Institution under the title of "Memoria Historica sobre qual ha sido l'opinion nacional de Espagna, acerca del tribunal de la Inquisicion." This publication gave such general satisfaction, that all the papers and documents in the Archives of the Inquisition were entrusted to the author, for a work, which he had undertaken, “Annals of the Inquisition of Spain," in which he had collected a great number of curious facts, that had been either unnoticed or misrepresented. The first volume was printed in 1812, and the second in 1813. But the recent changes in Spain, though conducive to the peace of that country in general, have, unfortunately for the cause of freedom, justice, and humanity, restored the Inquisition, and opposed the publication of the work. The author, obliged to change his plan, proposes to write his History in French, and to publish it in Paris. He will now be at liberty to add a considerable number of facts and observations, which it would have been impolitic to insert in his original work, in the Spanish language.