Sick-thoughted Venus makes amain unto him,
And like a bold-fac'd suitor 'gins to woo him.

3

Thrice fairer than myself, (thus she began,)
The field's chief flower 3, sweet above compare,
Stain to all nymphs, more lovely than a man,
More white and red than doves or roses are;

Nature that made thee, with herself at strife
Saith, that the world hath ending with thy life".

Spenser's description of the hangings in the Lady of Delight's Castle, Faery Queen, b. iii. c. i. st. 34, et seq. 4to, 1590, or by a short piece entitled The Sheepheard's Song of Venus and Adonis, subscribed with the letters H. C. (probably Henry Constable,) which, I believe, was written before Shakspeare's poem; though I have never seen any earlier copy of it than that which we find in England's Helicon, 1600. He had also without doubt read the account of Venus and Adonis in the tenth book of Ovid's Metamorphoses, translated by Golding, 1567, though he has chosen to deviate from the classical story, which Ovid and Spenser had set before him, following probably the model presented to him by the English poem just mentioned. See the notes at the end.

MALONE.

2 ROSE-CHEEK'D Adonis -] So, in Timon of Athens :
bring down the rose-cheek'd youth
"To the tub-fast and the diet."

STEEVENS.

Our author perhaps remembered Marlowe's Hero and Leander: "The men of wealthy Sestos every yeare,

"For his sake whom their goddess held so deare,
"Rose-cheek'd Adonis, kept a solemn feast," &c.

MALONE.

3

the field's CHIEF flower,] So the quarto 1593. Modern editions have-sweet flower. MALONE.

4 NATURE that made thee, with herself at STRIFE,] With this contest between art and nature, &c. I believe every reader will be surfeited before he has gone through the following poems. The lines under the print of Noah Bridges, engraved by Faithorne, have the same thought:

"Faithorne, with nature at a noble strife," &c. It occurs likewise in Timon of Athens. STEEVENS.

We have in a subsequent passage a contest between art and nature, but here surely there is none. I must also observe that there is scarcely a book of Shakspeare's age, whether in prose.or

Vouchsafe, thou wonder, to alight thy steed,
And rein his proud head to the saddle-bow;
If thou wilt deign this favour, for thy meed
A' thousand honey secrets shalt thou know:
Here come and sit, where never serpent hisses,
And being set, I'll smother thee with kisses:

And yet not cloy thy lips with loath'd satiety,
But rather famish them amid their plenty,
Making them red and pale with fresh variety;
Ten kisses short as one, one long as twenty:

A summer's day will seem an hour but short,
Being wasted in such time-beguiling sport.

With this she seizeth on his sweating palm,
The precedent of pith and livelihood",
And, trembling in her passion, calls it balm,
Earth's sovereign salve to do a goddess good:

Being so enrag'd, desire doth lend her force,
Courageously to pluck him from his horse.

verse, in which this surfeiting comparison (as it has been called,) may not be found. MALONE.

5 Saith, that the world hath ending with thy life.] So, in Romeo and Juliet:

"And when she dies, with beauty dies her store."

6 And yet not cloy thy lips with loath'd satiety,

But rather famish them amid their plenty,] So, in Antony and Cleopatra:

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other women cloy

"The appetites they feed; but she makes hungry,

"Where most she satisfies." MALONE.

7

she seizeth on his SWEATING PALM,

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The PRECEDENT OF PITH AND LIVELIHOOD,] So, in Antony and Cleopatra, Charmian says: "- if an oily palm be not a fruitful prognostication, I cannot scratch mine ear.' STEEVENS.

39

Again, in Othello:

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This hand is moist, my lady;

(

"This argues fruitfulness and liberal heart ;-
"Hot, hot, and moist." MALONE.

8

Over one arm the lusty courser's rein,
Under her other was the tender boy,
Who blush'd and pouted in a dull disdain,
With leaden appetite, unapt to toy;

She red and hot, as coals of glowing fire,
He red for shame, but frosty in desire.

The studded bridle on a ragged bough
Nimbly she fastens; (O, how quick is love!)
The steed is stalled up, and even now
To tie the rider she begins to prove:

Backward she push'd him, as she would be thrust,
And govern'd him in strength, though not in lust.

So soon was she along, as he was down,
Each leaning on their elbows and their hips:
Now doth she stroke his cheek, now doth he frown,
And 'gins to chide, but soon she stops his lips:

And kissing speaks, with lustful language broken,
If thou wilt chide, thy lips shall never open.

He burns with bashful shame; she with her tears
Doth quench the maiden burning of his cheeks;
Then with her windy sighs, and golden hairs,
To fan and blow them dry again she seeks9:

8 Under HER Other -] So the original copy 1693, and 16mo. of 1596. The edition of 1600, and all subsequent, have-under the other. MALONE.

9

- she with her TEARS

Doth quench the maiden burning of his cheeks;

Then with her windy SIGHS, and golden hairs,

To fan and blow them DRY again she seeks :] So, in Marlowe's King Edward II. :

"Wet with my tears, and dried again with sighs."

Shakspeare, throughout this poem, takes the same liberty as Spenser has done in his Faery Queen; and, for the sake of rhyme, departs from the usual orthography of his time. have in the original copy 1593,-golden heares. below:

Thus here we And so again,

He saith, she is immodest, blames her 'miss1; What follows more, she murders with a kiss'.

Even as an empty eagle, sharp by fast,
Tires with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone",
Shaking her wings, devouring all in haste,
Till either gorge be stuff'd, or prey be gone;

Even so she kiss'd his brow, his cheek, his chin,

And where she ends, she doth anew begin

"I'll make a shadow for thee of my heares." Which shews that there is no ground for supposing, as some have done, that the words hairs and tears were formerly pronounced alike.

-

"Then with her windy sighs,

"To fan and blow them dry again." So, in Antony and Cleopatra : "We cannot call her winds and waters, sighs and tears; they are greater storms and tempests than almanacks can report." Again, ibid. :

"And is become the bellows and the fan,
"To cool a gypsey's lust." MAlone.

I

her'MISS;] That is, her misbehaviour. FARMER.

So, in Lily's Woman in the Moon, 1597:

"Pale be my looks, to witness my amiss."

The same substantive is used in the 35th Sonnet. Again, in Hamlet:

"Each toy seems prologue to some great amiss."

MALONE.

she MURDERS with a kiss.] Thus the original copy of 1593,

2

and the edition of 1596. So, in King Richard III. :

"Come, cousin, canst thou quake, and change thy colour? "Murder thy breath in middle of a word?"

The subsequent copies have smothers. MALONE.

3 TIRES with her beak on feathers, flesh, and bone,] To tire is

to peck. So, in Decker's Match Me in London, a comedy, 1631: the vulture tires

Upon the eagle's heart."

4 And where she ends, she doth anew begin.] So Dryden, in

his Alexander's Feast:

"Never ending, still beginning." MALONE.

Forc'd to content 5, but never to obey,
Panting he lies, and breatheth in her face;
She feedeth on the steam, as on a prey,
And calls it heavenly moisture, air of grace;
Wishing her cheeks were gardens full of flowers,
So they were dew'd with such distilling showers".

Look how a bird lies tangled in a net,
So fasten'd in her arms Adonis lies;
Pure shame and aw'd resistance made him fret,
Which bred more beauty in his angry eyes':
Rain added to a river that is ranko,
Perforce will force it overflow the bank.

5 Forc❜d to CONTENT,-] I once thought that the meaning of the latter words was, to content or satisfy Venus; to endure her kisses. So, in Hamlet:

it doth much content me to hear him so inclin'd." But I now believe that the interpretation given by Mr. Steevens is the true one. Content is a substantive, and means acquiescence. The modern editions read-consent. Malone.

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It is plain that Venus was not so easily contented. Forc'd to content, I believe, means that Adonis was forced to content himself in a situation from which he had no means of escaping. Thus Cassio in Othello:

"So shall I clothe me in a forc'd content." STEEVENS.

6

FLOWERS,

So they were DEW'D with such distilling showers.] So, in Macbeth:

"To dew the sovereign flower, and drown the weeds." STEEVENS. 7 Which bred more BEAUTY in his ANGRY eyes:] So, in Twelfth Night:

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O, what a deal of scorn looks beautiful "In the contempt and anger of his lip! MALONE. to a river that is RANK,] Full, abounding in the quantity of its waters. So, in Julius Cæsar :

8

"Who else must be let blood, who else is rank?'

Again, more appositely in King John:

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"We will untread the steps of damned flight,

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And, like a 'bated and retired flood,

Leaving our rankness and irregular course,

Stoop low within those bounds we have o'erlook'd."

MALONE.

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