disuse of Sequences; and the practice of singing certain parts of the Mass in English had already been introduced, apparently without any definite authorisation at all. Thus in the Mass of the Holy Ghost, before the opening of Parliament on November 4th, 1547, the Gloria in excelsis, Creed, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei "were all songen in English." What the English forms thus employed may have been, we may see from a set of manuscripts now in the Bodleian Library, which contain a musical setting of these portions of the Mass, with English words, evidently of a date earlier than that at which the Prayer-Book of 1549 was set forth, since the versions differ from those contained in that book. The text of the English forms given in the notes which follow is taken (with modernisation of spelling and punctuation) from the first volume of this set. For the Epistle and Gospel, it has seemed best to follow (with like modifications) the version of the liturgical Epistles and Gospels issued in the time of Henry VIII., since it follows the text of the Missal where that is modified, for liturgical purposes, from the ordinary Vulgate text, and is therefore perhaps more likely to have been used than the version of the Great Bible.3

It must be borne in mind, that the rubrics of the Sarum Ordinary contemplate throughout the presence and assistance of a number of ministers greater than that which would be available in most parish churches. In many cases, probably, the priest would be assisted by persons acting as Deacon and Subdeacon: but in many his only assistant would be the Clerk. In some cases the Clerk would be a person in Holy Orders; in others he would not: and the nature and extent of his assistance in the service would depend on his position in this respect.

PRAEPARATIO AD MISSAM.

Sacerdos volens accedere ad altare induat se sacris vestibus dicens,
Veni, creator Spiritus, Mentes tuorum visita, etc.

Emitte Spiritum tuum et creabuntur.

1 Wriothesley's Chronicle, vol. i, p. 187 (Camden Society, 1875).

2 On these MSS. (Mus. Sch. E. 420-422), see a paper by the Rev. W. H. Frere in the Journal of Theological Studies, vol. i, pp. 233-5.

* The copy of the version of the Epistles and Gospels of which use has been made is one in the Bodleian Library, bound up as an appendix to the King's Primer printed by T. Petyt in 1543. The differences of rendering in the Great Bible of 1541 are shown in the footnotes. It is assumed that the direction of the King's Injunction, which certainly seems to forbid the reading of the Epistle and Gospel in Latin, was followed literally. But it is possible that in some cases both languages were used, as they were in the coronation mass of Queen Elizabeth.

R. Et renovabis faciem terrae.

Oratio. Deus cui omne cor patet, omnis voluntas loquitur, et quem nullum latet secretum: purifica per infusionem sancti Spiritus cogitationes cordis nostri, ut te perfecte diligere et digne laudare Per Christum.

mereamur.

Deinde sequatur antiphona Introibo ad altare Dei. Ps. Iudica me Deus, et discerne. Totus psalmus dicitur cum Gloria. Deinde dicitur antiphona. Introibo ad altare Dei ad Deum qui laetificat iuventutem

meam.

Kyrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie eleison.
Pater noster. Et ne. Sed libera.

Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus: quoniam in saeculum misericordia eius.

- Confiteor Deo, beatae Mariae, omnibus sanctis, et vobis, quia peccavi nimis cogitatione, locutione, et opere, mea culpa: precor sanctam Mariam, omnes sanctos, et vos, orare pro me.

Ministri respondeant, Misereatur vestri omnipotens Deus, et dimittat vobis omnia peccata vestra: liberet vos ab omni malo; conservet et confirmet in bono, et ad vitam perducat aeternam. Sacerdos, Amen.

Et postea dicitur Confiteor, quo dicto dicat sacerdos Misereatur, ut supra. Deinde dicat sacerdos, Absolutionem et remissionem omnium peccatorum vestrorum, spatium verae poenitentiae et emendationem vitae, gratiam et consolationem sancti Spiritus tribuat vobis omnipotens et misericors Dominus.

Ministri respondeant, Amen.

Deinde dicat sacerdos W. Adiutorium nostrum in nomine Domini. Qui fecit [caelum et terram]. Sit nomen [Domini benedictum]. Ex hoc nunc et usque in saeculum.

Oremus. Aufer a nobis, Domine, quaesumus, omnes iniquitates nostras, ut ad sancta sanctorum puris mentibus mereamur introire. Per Christum. Tunc se erigat sacerdos, et osculetur altare, et hoc in medio : et signet se in facie sua, dicens. In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus sancti. Amen.

Deinde incipiat officium, usque Gloria in excelsis Deo.1

1 The more extended rubrics of the Missal provide for the beginning of the Officium by the rulers of the choir during the preparation of the priest; for the entry of the priest and ministers at the beginning of the Gloria Patri: for the saying of Confiteor, Misereatur, and Absolutionem at the altar step; for the kiss given by the priest to the deacon and subdeacon before he goes to the altar; for the saying of Aufer a nobis at the midst of the altar; for the censing of the altar by the priest, and of the priest by the deacon, and for the bringing of the book of the Gospels by the subdeacon for the priest to kiss. Thereafter the priest, at the

AD MISSAM.

Officium. Resurrexi et adhuc tecum sum, alleluia: posuisti super me manum tuam, alleluia: mirabilis facta est scientia tua, alleluia, alleluia.

Psalmus. Domine probasti me et cognovisti me: tu cognovisti sessionem meam et resurrectionem meam. Gloria Patri.

Kyrie eleison (ter). Christe eleison (ter). Kyrie eleison (ter). Gloria in excelsis Deo.' Et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. Laudamus te. Benedicimus te. Adoramus te. Glorificamus te. Gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam, Domine Deus, rex caelestis, Deus Pater omnipotens. Domine Fili unigenite, Iesu Christe, Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis. Qui tollis peccata mundi, suscipe deprecationem nostram. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, miserere nobis. Quoniam tu solus sanctus, tu solus Dominus, tu solus altissimus, Iesu Christe, cum sancto Spiritu, in gloria Dei Patris.

Amen.

Oratio. Deus qui hodierna die per unigenitum tuum aeternitatis nobis aditum devicta morte reserasti: vota nostra quae praeveniendo aspiras etiam adiuvando prosequere. Per eundem.

Lectio epistolae beati Pauli apostoli ad Corinthios.?

Brethren, purge the old leaven,3 that ye may be new dough, as ye are sweet bread. For Christ our Easter lamb1 is offered up for us. There

right-hand corner of the altar, says the Officium, Psalm, Gloria Patri, and Kyrie (which have in the meantime been sung by the choir), and then begins the Gloria in excelsis at the midst of the altar, continuing it with his ministri at the right-hand corner. This order would be observed in the greater churches.

1 The English form begins with the first words which would be sung by the choir. Probably, even where it was used, the priest would begin the Gloria in excelsis in Latin, and continue his own recitation of it in the same tongue. The English version is as follows: And peace on earth, and unto men a good will. We praise thee, we magnify thee, we worship thee, we glorify thee, we give thanks unto thee for thy great glory, O Lord God, heavenly king, God the Father omnipotent. O Lord the only begotten Son, Jesu Christ, O Lord God, the Lamb of God, the Son of the Father, which takest away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us. Which takest away the sins of the world, graciously receive our supplications. Which sittest at the right hand of the Father, have mercy upon us. For thou only art holy, thou only art Lord, thou only art highest, Jesu Christ, with the Holy Ghost, unto the glory of God the Father. Amen.

2 The sources of the Epistle and Gospel were probably announced in English.

3 In the Great Bible, the mark indicating the beginning of a liturgical epistle

is placed before the words "Purge therefore the old leaven."

G.B., "Christ our passover."

fore let us keep holy day, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of maliciousness and wickedness, but with that' sweet bread of pureness and truth.

Gradale.

Haec dies quam fecit Dominus: exsultemus et laetemur in ea. V. Confitemini Domino quoniam bonus: quoniam in saeculum misericordia eius.

Alleluia. V. Pascha nostrum immolatus est Christus.

Sequentia. Fulgens praeclara rutilat per orbem etc."
Evangelium: secundum Marcum.3

8

'Mary Magdalene and Mary Iacobi3 and Salome bought odours that they might come and anoint Iesus. And early in the morning the next day after the Sabbath day, they came unto the sepulchre, when the sun was risen: and they said one to another, Who shall roll us away the stone from that door1o of the sepulchre. And when they looked, they saw how the stone was rolled away, for it was a very great one. And they went into the sepulchre, and saw a young man sitting on the right side, clothed in a long white garment, and they were abashed. 12 And he said unto them, Be not afraid; ye seek Jesus of Nazareth which was crucified: he is risen; he is not here; behold the place where they put him. But go your way, and tell his disciples, and namely Peter, he will go13 before you into Galilee: there shall ye see him, as he said unto you.

2 The omission of all sequences had been enjoined in 1547, by the Commissions of Visitors, at Canterbury (Gasquet and Bishop, Edward VI. and the Book of Common Prayer, p. 56, ed. 1890), and at Winchester (Documents relating to the Foundation of the Chapter of Winchester, ed. by G. W. Kitchin and F. T. Madge, p. 180). Probably the omission was not limited to these cathedral churches.

naming the

3 The Injunctions for Lincoln Cathedral, issued in April, 1548 (Bradshaw and Wordsworth, Lincoln Cathedral Statutes, part ii, p. 594), direct that the deacon is to say, before the Gospel, "This Gospel is after the Evangelist . . . chapter; the choir is to answer "Glory be to God for it." After the Gospel, the deacon is to say "Thanks be to God, and God save the King." Possibly this usage may have already been adopted in some churches before the issue of the Order of the Communion.

In the Great Bible, the mark which indicates the beginning of a liturgical gospel is placed at the beginning of the chapter so as to include the words, "And when the

Sabbath was past."

5 G.B., 66 Iacob."

7 G.B., "anoint Him."

9 G.B.,

11 G.B.,

"said among themselves."

"how that."

13 G.B., "and Peter, that he goeth."

ORDER COM.

[Symbolum Nicaenum.]

'Credo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium. Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum, Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula: Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero, genitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri, per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de caelis, et incarnatus est de Spiritu sancto ex Maria virgine, et homo factus est. Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato, passus et sepultus est. Et resurrexit tertia die secundum scripturas, et ascendit in caelum, sedet ad dexteram Patris, et iterum venturus est cum gloria iudicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis. Et in Spiritum sanctum Dominum et vivificantem, qui ex Patre Filioque procedit, qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur, qui locutus est per prophetas. Et unam sanctam catholicam et apostolicam ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Et exspecto resurrectionem mortuorum, et vitam venturi saeculi. Amen.

Postea sequatur, Dominus vobiscum, [R. Et cum spiritu tuo.] et Oremus. Deinde dicitur offertorium.

Offertorium. Terra tremuit et quievit dum resurgeret in iudicio Deus: alleluia.

[Post offertorium vero porrigat diaconus sacerdoti calicem cum patena et sacrificio, et osculetur manum eius utraque vice.] Ipse vero accipiens calicem diligenter ponat in loco suo debito super medium altaris: et inclinato parumper elevet calicem utraque manu, offerens sacrificium Domino, dicendo hanc orationem.

Suscipe sancta Trinitas hanc oblationem, quam ego indignus peccator offero in honore tuo, beatae Mariae, et omnium sanctorum, pro peccatis et offensionibus meis, pro salute vivorum, et requie omnium fidelium defunctorum. In nomine Patris [et Filii et Spiritus sancti.] Acceptum sit omnipotenti Deo hoc sacrificium novum.

The Nicene creed not being available in any authorised English translation, it would seem that, where the creed was sung in English by the choir, the Apostles' creed according to the version printed in the Primer of Henry VIII. was substituted for it. The priest, in such cases, probably sang the first words of the Nicene creed in Latin, and continued to recite it, while the choir sang: The Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth and in Jesu Christ, his only Son, our Lord, which was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary; suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, buried, and descended into hell; and the third day he rose again from death; he ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God, the Father Almighty: from thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead. I believe in the Holy Ghost, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting. Amen.