council, patriotism of purpose, and firmness of reso-do forward to him his diploma, accompanied by the lution. It was not in human nature that they could gold medal of the Society. Extract from the minutes. PRICES CURRENT. ARTICLES. (Signed) CHAS. E. ROWAND, Sec'ry. Charleston, June 20, 1826. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. per from to from to BEEF, Baltimore Prime, bbl. 7 50 8 5 9 12 31 33 50 17 15 12 do more to illustrate these virtues-their measure bbl. 2 371 GRAIN, Indian Corn, . bush bush 3 874 4 25 4 75 lb. 1 bush 1 75 2 00 1 25 1 50 Clover Seed, Red Orchard Grass Seed, seeds, and of a kind which I have no doubt will DEAR SIR, The South Carolina Agricultural Society having MR. SKINNER, elected you an honorary member of the society, it Sir,-I have a promising number of "young wild becomes my pleasing duty to inform you of the turkies;" they are exceedingly wild and shy though, I send you a copy of the diploma and "Re- much more so I think than the partridge. Can any solution," the originals of which are entrusted to of your subscribers, who have succeeded in raising the care of Mr. Redding, who expects to sail for this valuable fowl of our woods, inform me how Baltimore in a few days. The gold medal is in the had best proceed. hands of the artist, and shall be forwarded to Baltimore as soon as I receive it. I expect a month or two will elapse before I obtain it. With assurances of my personal respect, I am, sir, your obed't serv't, EDW'D BROWN, Pro. tem. Cor. Sec. So. Caro. Ag. Society. JOHN S. SKINNER, Esq. P. S. It was on motion of Gen. Thomas Pinckney. (COPY.) The following resolution was unanimously adopted by the South Carolina Agricultural Society, at their meeting on the 20th of June, 1826. An answer is respectfully requested, and would prove useful to many. The French call this bird Coque De Indié. Bar. lb. lb. TOBACCO.-Inspections in the three State Ware- SPICES, Cloves, houses during the last week: CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. Thoughts on Agriculture, by Dr. Johnson-The JumpThis Society acknowledges the sense it entering Plough, with cuts-Rare Ripe Wheat-Planting tains of the services which Mr. J. S. Skinner has Tube, inquiry-On the uses, properties, &c. of Milk, rendered to the promotion of the agriculture of the continued-Washing Salads-Annals of the Turf, No. V.-Diseases of Dogs, on Worms-Entomology, ObserUnited States, and of his particular attention to vations on the Locust-Natural history of the eggs, this Society by a donation of valuable books and larvæ, and pupa of Ants, continued-Rye Bread-Ohio other kind services; and therefore unanimously Canal-Recipes-Grain, Seeds, &c. from Brazil-ProResolved, That Mr. Skinner be admitted an honora- ceedings of the South Carolina Agricultural Societyry member of this Society, and that the secretary Prospect of Crops-Wild Turkies, inquiry. SALT, St. Ubes, Liverpool ground SHOT, Balt. all sizes, WINES, Madeira, L. P. do. Sicily,. Lisbon, Claret, = 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 1 15 1 20 2 00 1 15 1 20 1 50 175 doz. 4 Port, first quality, 5 00 9 00 65 1 85 2 50' 30 35 20 22 15 20 201 25 unwashed but free of tags. Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. No. 18.-VOL. 8. AGRICULTURE. AMERICAN FARMER.-BALTIMORE, JULY 21, 1826. 137 ON THE VALUE AND USE OF OXEN IN bour. If, then, to the north he is most valuable, let nothing be inferred that the horse is undervaCOMPARISON WITH HORSES. SIR, Frederick county, Virginia, April 4, 1825. perhaps scanty food. Steady, hard labour belongs lows of course, which will naturally lead us into a to the ox; if he goes slow, he carries a great bur- system of farming more fertilizing and less laboden, and must have plenty to eat for his faithful la- rious. In what has been said, or what may be said, and the horse to the south-may we not rationally lued; but that the use of this noble animal should conclude that on the middle ground they may be be confined to certain labour which he is better associated with extraordinary advantage; and in adapted to than the ox; that the number should be I have ventured to become a candidate for your that portion of our happy country we may, by ju- limited, and their size and form made the subject liberal offer of a silver cup "for the best essay on dicious management, succeed in making it again of particular interest, that a pair of them may perthe value and use of oxen in comparison with horses what it once was, the finest part of the old thirteen. form the same quantity of labour, with ploughs of in the middle and southern states;" in doing which I will attempt to shew, that if a spirit prevailed for improved construction, as three are in the habit of I am prompted less by the expectation of success, the use of oxen to a more considerable extent, that doing at present. Touching then, immediately, the than by the desire of performing a citizen's part in our breed of cattle would, with the soil, be much subject of their comparative value in the middle convincing our countrymen of the great importance more speedily improved. The middle and southern states, I consider the horse as much more valuable of working oxen in preference to horses generally, country, to a certain extent, are dependant on the for the plough of any kind, the harrow, and wagon, where the climate is not too warm for them, and west, annually, for large droves of horses, demand-when hauling to a considerable distance-as I do where in all kinds of labour they have not been ex-ing cash in payment, which it is true they cannot now the ox for the rest of the labour performed on a cluded by the fairest comparison. And as it is pro-get, but must eventually be paid to the great injury farm, treading wheat excepted, which labour is now bable you will be presented with a number of prac- of the purchaser. Does not the inability to pay, prove done, in a great measure, by machinery. Hauling of tical essays, an opportunity will be offered to embo- the impropriety to purchase in this case? When all kinds, either in wagons or carts, particularly in the dy from them, all such facts and remarks as have the price of small grain was high, the expenditure transportation of manure, where four oxen have, in a the most useful bearing on the subject, which I was more tolerable. It is time to adopt a more properly constructed cart, as decided a superiority must suppose will be highly gratifying to any one economical mode: let us raise a few large horses, and over the wagon and horse team, as the latter have evincing so much interest as is manifested in your plenty of heavy oxen. It is notorious, that a team over the former in ploughing. If oxen are slower proposal. The experience of our northern bre- of four oxen may be purchased as cheaply as one than horses, their steadiness, strength, simple gearthren, in that line, gives them an opportunity of a horse, while the former is subject to fewer risks of ing, which renders it so speedy a change from one better acquaintance with working oxen, their pro- every kind. If a horse costs $100, oxen of a cor- cart to another, and advantageous mode of deliverperties, and valuable uses, and I am sure they can- responding quality may be had for $25 each; if a ing their load by a tilt, and off again without loss not refuse for so honourable a reward, to give you horse of inferior kind costs 60 or $80, the ox may of time, is the cause of their superiority; and this a full and just description of them-though I am not be bought at 18 or $20. There is almost a certain-done with a broad wheel cart, costing not more fully aware as it regards the comparison, whether ty of the ox enduring eight or ten years, and then than half as much as the wagon; of which, and its the same care has been taken in districts where the paying back his purchase money every cent, fre- peculiar adaptation to the hauling of wood, manure, ox is most celebrated, to bring the horse to the quently more, and sometimes double. The horse, stone, &c., I shall endeavour to make useful by an same degree of perfection. It was in Massachu- from the number of his liabilities, will not, I be explanatory drawing, not knowing whether this parsetts that I first witnessed their great strength and lieve, average ten years from the time of his pur- ticular construction is known off my own farm. docility, their patient endurance of many niles chase; perhaps little more when raised; and when I had formerly been in the habit of using long travel through snows into the frozen swamp, re- he dies we get only his poor hide. But admitting narrow bodies, high wheels with narrow tire: but turning late, heavy laden with wood. I have been that a farmer raises both of the best kind; a horse such wheels cannot be made strong enough for in the habit of using them for twenty odd yea's on at $100, the ox at $33-then there is three for one. heavy oxen; they twist them in turning around, nor a farm of 350 acres cleared land, and know nore For my own part, I value a pair of good van as bigh are they fit to go over cultivated grounds. The of their value than I can express in terms adequate Iv as any first rate plough horse. The difference of high narrow bodies are unhandy to load in, equally to their importance. Nevertheless, I believe it is cost in their keep is great: (so many minute calcu-so to upset, as af... in vain to say that the very best oxen are equal to lations have been exhibited of late on that score,) they will not discharge the load freely; whereas a horses for the wagon, plough or harrow-though II will not meddle with it further than to say, that body short and very wide, will carry much more do, without hesitation, declare, consistently with from two to three oxen may be kept to more ad- manure, and tilt with ease, besides affording less my own experience, that we should depend greatly vantage, and at less immediate cost, than a single labour to the team. I have endeavoured to accomon oxen, keeping no more horses than are absolute- horse; and although a pair of oxen may consume modate their gear, carts, and labour as nearly to ly necessary to plough the ground and furnish one double as much hay as the horse, there is double their nature as possible, not forcing or expecting wagon team on a large farm; on a small one oxen the manure made, and that of better quality, to more of them than they can truly perform. It is should be used for every other work than plough- carry on an improving system. Whereas the con- certain much is to be done by management, and ing. One bar-share of three hopes is sufficient for sumption of grain by a horse produces the necessi- there is a great advantage in a suitable breed. I a farm of 3 or 400 acres, breaking up annually one ty of costly labour to keep up a necessary supply, have occasionally had an ox to retard the progress fourth part of the whole, with six good oxen in ad- and where corn is the principal horse feed, mate- of the whole team, not having a form corresponddition. The same sized farm frequently employs rially injures the soil. An established conviction, ing with the rest, to enable him to keep up in a two bar-share teams, and a wagon set, besides that oxen can be made to answer a more valuable quickened pace; but the same difference will be horses enough to eat up all the grain they make, end in exchange for a part of our horses, would met with in horses also. A simple mention of a and destroy much of the grass that should be turn lead to important results. Our breed of cattle few of the many advantages attending oxen, and I ed into hay for oxen. In order to keep up such a would be improved generally; those intended for am done with their eulogy. number of korses, resort must be had to the ruinous the yoke would be selected for such peculiarities as They are rarely ever known to be either lame or system of purchase, or the keeping an additional would best adapt them to the purpose; fewer horses blind; I have not, in twenty years, lost one by number of young horses to reinforce with, which would make room for more and better cattle; less disease or poverty; they do not jump and trespass greatly adds to the deteriorating system. grain would be cultivated-or, rather, less land in like horses, (except my old Lion;) but their lame tion to tilt them. The comparison required being between oxen grain, but in fact more grain; more land will be left ness, if incurable, or blindness, or mischievousand horses of the middle and southern States, and for pasture, and hay, the chief food of oxen; less ness, do not prevent them from making good beef. being an inhabitant of one of the most northern of labour will be expended, more profit reaped; cows My decided opinion is, that ninety nine farmers the latter, I feel peculiarly situated, however illy will be seen returning from their more abundant out of a hundred will do better in the use of oxen qualified to draw an instructive comparison; for I pastures laden with milk, to supply a dairy, or make with horses, as here recommended-but I will not am aware if the subject were done justice to, it their calves large, and give them early maturity. disguise that there are some few, whose wonderful would lead into an extensive train of reasoning, Without a plentiful dairy, too, there is a necessity energy and management have demonstrated (espeand require no little practical detail of husbandry. for an increased cultivation of grain to feed the cially in extensive grain cultivation) that horses In much of our northern and eastern country, eco-hogs for the use of the labourer, and he requires an pushed to a certain age, and then sold to give place nomy of cultivation is so essential, hay so much addition of meat when he does not get plenty of to other prime ones, have succeeded in doing more more abundant than grain, that work cattle are milk. In the summer, the knolls are enriched by than could have been done under any other circumidentified with the soil-the climate is suited to penning them thereon; in the winter, large quanti- stances-the hauling of produce to market 50 or 70 their constitution. To the south, where the lands ties of the best manure is made in their pens; for miles, is considered in these exceptions. Some arare light, an active horse is equally suited to their large fat cattle make more and better manure than gue, we will not keep oxen, for our horses must be soil and climate; horses of even a small size, and small lean ones. fed, work or not, therefore we will keep them ex mules in their place, are more valuable than oxen. Now, if it be a fact, that oxen in great part, can which cannot perform the active labour in a hot be more economically and profitably used than I consider Virginia in point of climate, soil, &c., a sun, through a long day, in a scorching soil, and horses, the great advantage of improving them fol- 'middle state. No. 18.-VOL. 8. MANURE. A small dressing of manure is necessary, say ten clusively at work-but it is not the fact; hay or grass and easier than a long narrow one-will also tilt will keep horses fat when they are not at work, and and be replaced with ease. The width of the body the economy of oxen not only consists in the saving may come within two inches of the spokes below, ox cart loads to the acre, of ashes or old cold maof grain in not eating it themselves, but in render- and the side boards to lean so as to be nearly paral-nure, such as yard shovellings, &c.; unfermented ing it unnecessary that the horse should-further, lel with the spokes of the wheel-it should be 6 manures will spoil the crop by making it run to top, they are a necessary relief to the horse whose pow-inches wider behind than before; a light moveable rendering the roots hot and spikey. erful energies should be called forth at certain sea- bottom battened together and chained to the fore SEED AND ITS PREPARATION. sons, particularly during the spring and fall, when slat is to be used for hauling manure, &c.-and the This is one of the most important parts to be ata good three horse team should not plough less than side boards represented by B are to be put into the tended to; without good true seed, all the other from two to two and a half acres per day; rest staples on the outside of the rails of the body, which labour is lost. I am frequently offered seed by the should then ensue for a while, then light labour, and are 9 feet long, as is the floor of the cart. The bushel, which is acknowledged to be saved from rich grazing will make them young for another sideboards are 2 feet high above the staples. When the refuse turnips, which, if one is suffered to go to ploughing tug-after which but little grain is re- the nature of the hauling requires it, a slight gate seed among twenty good ones, will spoil the whole. quired with an abundance of rough food and hay, may be affixed at pleasure on the fore part. Pins With such seed it would be as impossible to raise which, if properly administered, will make a large with shoulders are driven about three inches deep good turnips, as it would be from radish seed. quantity of the best manure. Horses thus kept, into the under part of the rails on each side of the In order to hasten vegetation, and by that means will live longer and at less expense. axle, to prevent the body from going too far one escape the ravages of the fly, it is best to soak the The yoking and breaking of oxen comes next way or the other. This is better than any iron work seed in rain water twenty-four hours; but if wanted under consideration, but so much has been lately for a cart independent of the economy-the staples sooner a few minutes in warm water will do. It is said on these subjects in the American Farmer, I are driven through immediately on each side the strongly recommended to soak the seed in lamp oil, will touch but lightly on them, and proceed to state two inch auger holes intended for standers in the which is said to impart a disagreeable flavour to my experience of the kind of cart best adapted to hauling of wood, rails, &c.; and will prevent the the seed plant, which saves it from the fly. After their labour. I have usually broken them at be- greatest pressure from ever opening the timbers. soaking the seed, it ought to be rolled in plaster, or tween two and three years of age, by working them The convenience and economy of this manure and ashes, to dry them; and for sowing broad cast, I gently between the wheel oxen and leaders, gra- wood body, as I call it, must be so evident, that I mix three half pints of seed with a bushel of the dually introducing them into harder labour by put- will not trouble you further than to observe, that mixture to the acre; but those who have Bennett's ting one at a time behind, or before, wherever their the staples and four bands at the ends of the rails, drill may sow the naked seed in rows about twelve station may be intended. Their yokes are con- is all the iron work it requires. It is rapidly dis- inches apart, by closing every other slide, which structed with a view to have as close a bearing on sected and stowed away after use. For other pur-will save much time in hoeing. the neck as possible, and the bows inserted with a poses, a light close body, 9 feet long, or 10, accordlike view. Query: as some insist that oxen can ing to circumstances, is used for the hauling of draw most by a rope attached to their horns, would wheat, corn, &c.; six barrels of corn in the shuck I seed can be got up quick, it will do to sow as late In the neighbourhood of Baltimore, if the turnip not the experiment be worth making, that of fixing have frequently hauled. To this body is attached as the 25th of August, for table use; and for stock, the rope round the horns and to the yoke, in order ladders for hay, wheat, &c. &c.; and an additional it would be well to sow from the 25th of July to to relieve the shoulders of part of the pull, when the one is used almost exclusively for corn stalks with the 10th of August. Two weeks later will do on pressure has become great?-though I confess I the tops and fodder on, 15 feet long, consisting of the tde water and in old Virginia; the ground being feel satisfied with the present mode. rails, slats, and very high standers. This body con- well prepared, the manure spread when necessary, TIME OF SOWING. A much more important consideration is to pos- veys more of the materials of manure from a good once ploughing, and then immediately give the sess carts of easy conveyance to them, and abun- corn field than can readily be conceived by one not ploughed ground one stroke with the harrow; then dant in the transportation of manure, &c. for I have accustomed to its operations. In conclusion, it will sow he seed while the ground is damp, and give it often heard farmers say, they had plenty of manure be almost unnecessary to add, in connection with one stroke with the harrow, and the plants will but could not carry it out. I have never been able the economy of using oxen, that any system in the soon appear. After they are up, should the fly be run a suurt as much as I could haul out in present state of our agriculture, that will have the destructive, roll them with a roller. good season to plough in before it was too much ex- effect of reducing its expenses, and at the same time be dry at his season of the year, it is best to sow a As it is apt to posed to evaporation-then, as the facility of re-enhance its profits, both immediately and remotely, little before or soon after a rain, to get the plants moving it is as necessary as the making, I would and insure a certain improvement of the soil, must offer the annexed plan of a cart for 4 or 6 oxen, two be considered preferable to the extensive, uncertain up; otherwis the seed often perishes; but sowing of which will cost less money than a good wagon, and unfertilizing system of grain raising, which has on fresh ploughed ground is a great advantage. requiring so much less iron and mechanical labour. been my desire to prove, through the medium of The state of perfection (I imagine) I have brought the labour of oxen, the repose of a greater portion them to, is the result of twenty years observation, of land in grass, and a greater quantity of hay as casting off many before worn, altering and amend- the cheapest and least exhausting resource of maing from time to time, but perhaps I have yet to nure; the security for a greater crop of grain on learn much on the subject; if so, may this occasion less land. Have the goodness to pardon this rough bring it to light. The axle tree should be very sketch, for writing is not my trade, but practical strong, and not morticed for the tongue, which farming, which, I think, I pursue with more pleashould be so stiff as not to bend at all, the tire 4 sure than almost any man in the world. inches, wheels about 5 feet high-the body A just I am, very respectfully, B 8 feet long from end to end of the main rails, which should be stout and of good white oak, with additional rise in the middle to admit of a portion being rounded out for the hub to turn under. It is by this means the body acquires width, and will carry more Your obed't. serv't. RICHARD K. MEADE. ON THE CULTIVATION OF TURNIPS. HOEING, &c. After the plants are up and the largest leaf has grown as large ascent, run the harrow through them, which breaks the crust, buries the young weeds, and moulds the plants; and from the three half pints of seed, if the fly has not been destructive, there will be plenty of plants to admit of the harrow being run each way, which puts the ground in fine order among the plants: then commence with the all-important work of hoeing, without which all the other work will be nearly lost. Each hand must take about five feet wide and use the hoe actively, and single out the plants as near twelve inches apart as can be done by the eye. This is a tedious operation; but four or five hands, sticking close to it, will soon learn to do the work quick, and get over a large piece of ground in a day; and after it is done, there will be one single plant to each foot of ground, instead of a dozen to the foot in some places, and only one to the yard in The land suited to this crop ought not to be rich, others, as is the case when the seed is sown thin, but of a medium fertility, and pulverized by repeat- and left without hoeing or thinning; in consequence, ed ploughings and harrowings, until very fine; as in one case they will be too thick to grow, and in near the consistency of pulverized virgin soil of the other will not grow for want of culture. The new land as possible, and the turnip crop will very white flat or white Norfolk is the best kind for earsuitably succeed all early spring crops, such as poly use; and the ruta baga, and yellow bullock, for tatoes, peas, radishes, beans, and clover after the late use. Either of these ought to be sowed earlier the four first enumerated have been manured in the one or two weeks. The white stone and tankard first mowing, and will do without manure, provided than the above-the first a month, and the latter spring. turnip, are good kinds, particularly the latter, as it grows to a great size and is sweet. After fifteen years experience, I recommend the following practice, which, if carefully followed, may be made a certain, and not an uncertain crop-as is mostly asserted. *And best recipe for destroying the Hessian fly. ROBERT SINCLAIR. MOWING MATCH. crop as to the number of stalks, but they were well but, in all this, particular regard should be had to filled. The oat crop, on bottom land, very good; the individual's natural temperament and previous On the morning of the 4th inst. many of the farmers and other inhabitants of Stratham, assembled but on high land the crop was too far spent before habits of life. Beyond the mother's milk, an infant requires no at the Plain's corner, to witness the novel exhibition the wet weather set in. The young tobacco was also very promising; but this fine prospect has been other sustenance till after the first teeth have begun of a mowing match. The premium was an elegant scythe, by which the work was executed. The rule much altered for the worse by a high freshet which to appear: the development of these is generally was previously established that no candidates should lately took place in Dan river, which has destroyed co-incident with that of the stomach's powers, and be accepted, excepting those between the ages of nearly one half of the corn, oats, and young tobac- thereby seems to indicate the want of more solid 18 and 21; that after the work was executed, it co crops growing on the river bottoms." should be measured, and the three best mowers should again perform the task. Three judges were appointed: Major Benj. Clark, Major David Robinson, and Capt. Joseph Smith, with liberty to the mowers to select two additional ones, if they should think fit.. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. NUTRITION-FOOD. nourishment. Previously to this change, which usually happens between the fourth and sixth month from birth, artificial foods almost always disagree with the digestive organs, and excite internal pains, sometimes disease. In the mean time, it should be admitted to suck only at stated intervals of about four hours: and, on each occasion, be allowed to When the work was executed by the nine mow- Necessity or selfishness, then, must be regarded drain the breast. Frequent sucking, especially ers who had presented themselves as candidates, it as the chief motive to a mother's withholding from during the night, is unfavourable both to the babe's appeared that Messrs. Benjamin F. Clark, Nathan her infant the enjoyment of its natural sustenance. prosperity and the health of its mother, who never L. Morrill, and Benjamin Kelly, had done the best When, therefore, either of these states is found to ought to permit its lying asleep with the nipple in minutes mowing, and the work was again per- admit of no other remedy, the offices of a proper Infants, as their dentition advances, may have formed by them, when it was declared by the judges, nurse ought to supply those of a less fortunate pa- the quantity of prepared aliment, superadded to the that Mr. C. had mowed in one minute 45 strokes, 8 rent: and in the selection of such a substitute, an natural, gradually augmented. Such forms of it feet swathe, and 101 feet in length; being 808 attentive exercise of the judgment and of experi its mouth. feet square; Mr. M. 50 strokes, 73 feet swathe, and ence is requisite. That person, who aspires to hold are preferable as consist of milky and farinaceous substances, agreeably sweetened: of all these re103 feet in length; being 796 feet square; and Mr. the situation of a nurse, should be distinguished by K. 48 strokes, 7 7-12 feet swathe, and 1074 feet in qualifications which peculiarly fit her for the faith-cent cream of cow's milk diluted with whey, and arrow-root, appear, from experience, to be the most length, being 815 feet, and one quarter square; and ful execution of the charge she expresses a desire of congenial. the kind. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. Mr. Kelly accordingly received the premium. The undertaking. She ought to be young, and modest Preparatively to its final discontinuation, the thanks of the company were tendered to the gentle- and healthy-neat in her dress; cleanly in her permen who acted as judges; to Capt. Smith for the son, active in her habits; temperate in all her de-nurse's milk requires being exhibited in lessening use of his field; and to Rev. Mr. Cummings, for an sires; have a candid disposition, a cheerful temper, proportions as well as at more distant returns. Vielegant and appropriate address delivered by him and an instructed mind. Her teeth should be white gorous and healthy children may be weaned, as upon the occasion. and clean; her gums sound and florid, the odour of convenient, in their eighth or tenth month; but Previous to the dissolution of the meeting, Major her breath agreeable; that of her insensible perspi- this change deferred to a later period, determinable such as are puny, delicate, or diseased, should have Smith, aged 80 last autumn, mowed one minute, ration inoffensive; her nipples rosy and small, but and cut over a surface of 803 feet square. The readily swelling from excitement; her breasts smooth entirely by the strength of their assimilative and and he and prominent rather oblong than large. Her milk ties of their nature, all children are more or less constitutional work was executed by him with great ease, powers. According to the peculiariwas rewarded by the applause of all present, and ought not to be more than four months old, because affected by the transition to their new diet; it, therewith a badge of respect and honour. It is proposed it then becomes less digestible by the stomach of a fore, becomes the duty of their mothers most solito continue these meetings; and we shall endeavour new-born babe; it should flow with readiness, be in our next paper, to give some further account of thin and bland and abundant, and have a bluish citously to watch its general effects on their sleep, the plan. We regret that our limits will not allow tinge, with a sweetish taste. It is necessary that the slightest disturbance of the system counteractappetite and dejections, for the purpose of having a more extended notice of this first exhibition of she be perfectly free of every hereditary or consti- ed in its rise. [Exeter Gazette. tutional taint or manifest disease, and altogether blameless of every practice requiring concealment; chief ingredient in the food of children, for many Milk of the cow ought invariably to constitute a that her character be eminent for patience, equa- months after the suckling state has terminated. nimity, kindness, and obligingness; and that she The science of agriculture and gardening is ad- show herself to be fond of children, dexterous in Light dishes, prepared in the usual manner, of flour, oat meal, biscuit or powdered bread, rice, vancing rapidly. Several extensive experimental managing them, watchful during their sleep, and arrow root, tapioca, manna croup, sago milk, farms are in operation in this section of the country capable of undergoing fatigue and want of rest salep, soft boiled eggs, animal jellies, isinglass with very excellent results. In New Jersey near without injury to her own health. boiled in milk, beef tea, soups made from chickNew Brunswick, is a farm under the personal care Women having a brown complexion generally ens or veal, and fishes of the least oily kind, may of a proprietor who unites all the requisites of a yield milk in profusion: theirs, also, is rich and at the same time be given to them, in varying scientific and practical horticulturist. Within the nourishing. That of fair persons contains less of last four years, seven thousand trees have been the pure alimentary principle, and has been consi- quantity and richness, according to their rising age. Wine, even the mildest, excites the whole organic planted under the direct inspection of the owner, dered as having a tendency to create heart-burn in nature of infants, by farther accelerating the rapidiwho has converted the whole farm into a garden. some infants, and in others a weakening frequency ty of its vital movements; nevertheless, some of it, As an instance of the success of the experiments of their dejections. diluted and sweetened, may be occasionally adminmade, and of the excellent cultivation it is under, Moderate and regular exercise, in the open air, istered to pale, languid individuals possessing a slugit may be mentioned that apricots have been ga- imparts energy to the vital powers of females giv gish constitution: such are often predisposed to thered this year from it, measuring six inches in ing suck; and, from this, their milk derives a better have intestinal worms, to the growth of which the circumference. [N. Y. E. Post. quality, has the proportions of its component ele- wine may prove unfavourable. Coffee, tea, chocoments more equalized, and is made less susceptible late, and fruit, are not necessarily unsuitable to of going into sudden coagulation within the sto the circumstances of infants and children, more machs of their charge. They themselves should than to those of persons in riper years: each of them subsist on a light generous diet composed of a due is naturally refreshing and exhilirating, and their mixture of animal and vegetable substances, ac-effects first on the assimilating, and ultimately on companied with the free use of refreshing drinks: the nervous organs, must alone determine the pro PROSPECT OF CROPS. Extract of a letter from Caswell county, N. C., dat ed July 8, 1826. * priety of their use being continued. After passing the second year of life, the infant begins making rapid approaches, in the developments of his organization and his mind, to what shall afterwards dis "From the time the corn crop was planted up to the 20th of May, we had dry weather, which enabled us to keep our crops clean. On the 24th of * Dr. Struve, in his tract on the Education and TreatMay we had abundant rains, and from that period ment of Children, gives the following prescription: up to the present time I have never witnessed such "Let two parts of milk rise over a low fire, and add seasonable weather. A warm sun and frequent one part of well-fermented beer, previously boiled:" showers, sometimes two and three times a week, sugar may be added to this if desirable. This beverage * Ripe fruit conduces, in no manner of way, to the has forced rapidly forward the corn crops, which are the greatest advantage by women who were already so production of intestinal worms; and, it is a pure error decidedly the finest we have had for many years. exhausted, that they thought it impossible to continue to confound the larvae of insects seen in worm-eaten The wheat crop, on manured lots, was an excellent suckling their children: they became replenished in a fruit with the animals that infest the human bowels: one, the heads being well filled and the grains large short time, and recovered their strength with a con- the former never, cannot indeed, give birth to the latand plump: the wheat, on corn ground, gave a thin tinued increase of milk. ter; no two things in nature are more distinct. is to be taken cold: it has been attended, he says, with SPORTING OLIO. tinguish their character in youth and manhood; the This quotation, from a very splendid English substance of his tendons, and from his whole pecumanner, therefore, and the kind, and the propor-work on the blood horse, is no less just in sentiment liar conformation. His superior speed and endutions of his nourishment, should be modified, by than beautiful in language. It is proposed in this rance originate from his obliquely placed shoulders, concomitant advances, so as to suit the changes of number to treat of the value of the blood horse to depth in the girth, deep oval quarters, broad fillets, his ever-varying conditions. our common stocks, and of the various uses to pliable sinews, and from the superior ductility and Nature, in fine, has provided, that such suste- which his conformation adapts him. It has at every elasticity of his muscular appendages. nance and such cares should be requisite to the period been fashionable with a certain class of no- It is also from the blood horse that we acquire proper management of man's earliest infancy; that ralists, who were more rigid than correct, to decry fineness of skin and hair, symmetry and regularity parent then who best fulfils an intention so wise the sports of the turf; and, further, to contend that of proportions, elegance and grandeur. As a proof and so beneficent, at the same discharges best an the breed of horses having received all the improve- of the latter qualities, the highest dressed horses of important and praise worthy duty to nature, to ment of which it is susceptible from the blood the ancient emperors were invariably of the highherself, and to her beloved offspring. It is not horse, the further propagation of the latter is use-est cast of Arabian or southern blood. enough, however, that children be taught, (solely less; they would further have horse racing abolish- The object of the preceding remarks was to by the dread of derangement in their health,) to ed, and the horses applied generally as stallions. shew the impolicy of discouraging the sports of the place restraint on the movements of young desire: But the use which these sort of reasoners would turf, as being the indispensable test by which to it ought to be strongly and permanently impressed propose to derive from the racing breed, would soon try the purity of our blooded stock, and the only upon their judgment, that the preferring certain destroy itself. They do not consider that in racing certain means of insuring its preservation: that the kinds of food to others, merely for the love of them, the necessity for thorough blood is obvious and im- thorough bred horse was, beyond all question, the is a degrading and sensual appetite, which tempe- perative, and such is a sure ground of its preser- most useful species of the whole genus, since he rate men have always hated, and the virtuous de vation. Were the sports of the turf to be aban- was applicable to every possible purpose of labour spised. doned, that unerring test, by which to ascertain the in which horses are used, either for the saddle, for purity of the blood, and the other requisite quali- war, parade, hunting, the road or quick draught, ties of the race horse, would be lost; and, conse- and even for the laborious services of the wagon quently, that glorious and matchless species, the and plough. It now only remains to make some rethorough bred courser, would, in no great length of marks (as connected with the above topics) on the time, become extinct among us-and with him all standing and prospects of future patronage which his noble and valuable properties, and his place be the sports of the turf have in England and this supplied by a gross, ill-shaped, or spider-legged country. It is an undeniable fact that the high demongrel, which would insure the degeneration of gree of improvement to which the blood stock of the whole race. I would ask, is not a cross of the horses in England have attained, is mainly owing blood horse upon the common stock indispensable to the liberal and weighty patronage which has to insure us light footed and quick moving saddle invariably been extended to the sports of the turf horses? Where do we go for the parade or ca- in that country; it is patronized as a national amuseRespectfully inscribed to the Amateur, the Sportsman valry horse, if it is not to the blooded stock, or to ment by the royal favour and munificence, and diand the Breeder of the Virginia Turf Horse. those highly imbued with that blood? Did not the rectly encouraged by the most distinguished nobili"The transcendant consequence of the horse to speed and wind of the cavalry horses of Colonels ty and gentry: by men who are ranked as her chief man in every possible stage of human existence, Lee and Washington, during the revolutionary war, statesmen. The decline of this sport has frequenthas been the invariable theme of writers on the give those commanders a decided superiority over ly been predicted in that country, particularly at subject from the earliest records of time. Indeed it the enemy in the kind of warfare they waged, unfortunate periods of war and distress; but it has is impossible to conceive any other, out of the vast where celerity of movement was all-important: and been steadily maintained for more than a century, variety of animals destined by nature to human use, were not those horses procured in Maryland and with few or no fluctuations, and is at this time in a which can, with the least prospect of success, dis- Virginia, and partook of the best racing blood of high state of prosperity. Never were so many pute with the favourite horse the palm of his mas- those states? The value of the blood, or southern thorough bred stallions kept in England as at preter's predilection and attachment. It is an attach-horse, from their ability to carry high weights, was sent; never was Newmarket, Epsom, or Doncaster, ment of a truly rational nature, and to a most wor- strongly exemplified in the wars of the ancients; as better attended than at the late meetings. thy object. The very idea of being supported at they rode to war in heavy armour, and always se-number of bood horses annually exported from ease by an auxiliary and borrowed animal power, lected and preferred for this purpose their highest England is unusually great; and to her, Russia, and of being safely borne from place to place, at bred horses, which were also frequently covered, France, Austria, the United States of America, the will, with a pleasant and gentle motion, or with the like their riders, in heavy armour. In former times East and West Indies, have been long indebted for rapidity of lightning, must have impressed the in England, their hunters were only half bred their most valuable stocks. minds of the first discoverers of the mighty benefits horses; but later observation and experience have In Virginia the sports of the turf have been reof the horse, with ineffable delight. Such senti- fully convinced them that only those that are tho-vived, and are extending over the state with great ments and feelings respecting this noble animal rough bred (notwithstanding the popular clamour spirit, and are infusing into her citizens a due sense have been constantly entertained and handed down of their deficiency in bone,) are adequate in speed, of their importance in giving value to the race to us from the earliest ages. The general beauty, strength and durability to long and severe chases horse. Virginia has long held a pre-eminence over the harmony of proportion, the stateliness and deli- with fleet hounds, particularly over a deep country, every other state in the Union in raning fine horses cacy of the superior species of this paragon of and that they will always break down any horses of and it is mainly to be attributed to the passion brute animals, could not fail of inspiring admira- an opposite description that may be brought into for this fascinating and rational amusement, and to tion in the breasts even of savage and untutored the field. the steady encouragement given to it at all times, (From the Petersburg Intelligencer.) ANNALS OF THE TURF-No. VI. The men. Time and the improving faculties of man, The value of the racing blood when crossed upon both during adverse and prosperous times, since gradually developed the various uses and qualifica- the common cart breed is also apparent in making the state had its foundation in a colony. To her tions of the horse. Endowed by nature with a por- them superior in the plough and wagon, provided the Carolinas, Georgia, Kentucky and Tennessee tion of intellect, with a generous pliability of dis- they have the requisite size, arising from quicker have always looked for a supply of blooded stalposition and fortitude of heart, with vast and ener-action and better wind, particularly in the long hot lions; to her they still are indebted, as well as the getic bodily powers, he was found capable of bear- days of summer. There is the same difference of new states of Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, &c. ing a sort of social part in all the pleasures and motion between the racer and the common bred Let then Virginia maintain and increase this celelabours of man. He was associated with his master horse as between a coach and a cart. It is more-brity by adopting all means which are calculated in the pleasures of the journey and the chase; he over a fact, although not generally known, that no to promote so laudable a distinction: let her place shared willingly and with ardour in the dangers of other horses are capable of carrying with expedi- and extend the sports of the turf on the most libethe martial field; and with a steady prowess, partook tion such heavy weights; and were "a thirty stone ral and equitable basis, and let her, in order to give in the humble labours of cultivating the soil for mu-plate (420 lbs.) to be given, and the distance made increased value to her racing stock, speedily publish tual subsistence. By the most illustrious nations of fifty miles, it would be everlastingly won by the a Stud Book. AN ADVOCATE FOR THE TURF. either ancient or modern times, the horse has ever thorough bred horse. There is only one way in (To be continued.) been esteemed of the highest worth and conse-which a bred horse would be beat at high weights; quence, and treated with a distinction and atten- it would be (to use a queer phrase,) to make it a dance befitting his rank as the first of domestic stand-still race; in that case I would back a cart animals, approximating in society and service to horse: I think he would beat a racer by hours." human nature. It is among the most savage and de- The strength of the race horse and his ability to Complaints of this nature are sometimes caused based tribes of men only, that the breed, condition and carry high weights, arise from the solidity of his by an accumulation of worms in the stomach, which comforts of this noble animal have been neglected." 'bones, the close texture of his fibres, the bulk and 'in the first stage create giddiness, and end in violent DISEASES OF DOGS. CONVULSIONS OR FITS. |