No. 23.-VOL S.] deem it worthy of an insertion in your useful "Ame- bran and madder, to assist the fermentation of the ties. those farmers who have machines of this sort rican Farmer." vats. The plants were too old to retain much of on their estates, and the faithful, industrious, and Justly entitled to the notice and consideration of those succulent juices in which their value chiefly skilful mechanick, who executed my work-his the lovers of good eating, is the Asclepias Syriaca, consist, yet they answered far beyond my expecta- name is Thomas Young, and his address Conway on the account of its being esculent, delicious, and tion; for the liquors, so long as I was enabled to street, near the corner of Sharp street. Yours, &c. JOHN MERCER. nutritive, and when served up in the ordinary way supply them with it, worked much more freely and in which the Asparagus officinalis is prepared, is by more vigorously than in the usual way; and al[There are few improvements in which farmers though this experiment was not decisive, for want no means inferior to this article. are more deeply and generally interested than in The genus Asclepias, is stated to have received of a sufficient quantity, and from the plant being those connected with the preparation of grain for its name from its discoverer, Asclepias, or from too old when gathered, yet I am convinced, by the market or domestic consumption: hence, we avail Esculapius, the god of Medicine. The species un-effect produced, that it might be used to considera- ourselves of Col. Mercer's permission to publish der consideration, ranks in the class Pentandria, the bie advantage. In Bancroft's first volume on per- the above. It would have been yet more satisfacorder Digynia, and in the natural orders, or fami- manent colours, this article is noticed as follows: lies of Contortæ of Linnæus, and Apocynœ of Jus- "It is well known, according to Mr. Clarkson, tory, if he had stated the force necessary for working the threshing machine and the horse mill, and that the African dyers are superior to those of any the quantity that each will do, as well as the first sieu. other part of the globe. cost of each.] Generic Character. Calix, a permanent perianthium, divided into five acute segments. The corolla consists of a single "The blue dye is so much more beautiful and permanent, than that which is extracted from the same petal, which is divided into five deep segments at plant in other parts, that many have been led to METHOD OF CLEANING MUSTY CASKS. the mouth. Fruit consists of two follids, containing doubt whether the African cloths brought into Eng a considerable number of imbricated seeds, winged with down. The flowers are borne on solitary peduncles, several together in umbels, and surrounded with a many leaved involucre. Specific Character. Asclepias Syriaca-Flowers purple-leaves large and tongue shaped, resting on short footstalks, these are alternate and opposite-It grows from three to five feet high, and delights in a rich and prolific soil, inhabiting generally, creeks and rivulets, and other lone moist situations. Chemical investigation. BY M. LENORMANDES. land were dyed with indigo or not. They appreFrom the Annales des Arts et Manufactures.* hended, that the colours in these, must have proThe author mentions, that he was taught the seceeded from another weed, or have been an extraction from some of the woods which are celebrated cret by a countryman.-He took, says he, "cowfor dying there. The matter, however, has been dung very fresh, and diluted it with warm water, so as clearly ascertained: a gentleman procured two or to make it sufficiently liquid to pass readily through three of the bales, which had been just prepared by a large tunnel. He previously dissolved in this the Africans for use: he brought them home, and water 4 lbs. of common marine salt, and one pound upon examination, found them to be the leaves of of alum. The quantity of this liquid, was equal to about a sixteenth part of the capacity of the cask. indigo rolled up in a very simple state." As this plant is found every where in the United He put the whole in a pot, and heated it to ebuliStates, and in many places in great abundance, it tion, stirring it continually with a wooden spatula. would be well to have some experiments made on He poured the hot liquor into the barrel, bunged it it to test the superiority of the colour attributed to tight, and shook it five or six minutes every two In the course of the prosecution of an analysis of it; and if it should be found to possess the qualities hours, taking care, after shaking, to pull out the the Asclepias Syriaca, I digested several portions of ascribed to it, of which there appears to be but lit-bung, when a thick vapour, with a strong smell of the plant, previously reduced to powder, in sulphu- tle room for doubt, it would become an object of must, issued from it. Twenty-four hours afterric æther, and also in alcohol. The ætherial solu great national importance, inasmuch, as the colour wards, he rinsed the barrel till the water came from tion gave a precipitate upon the addition of alcohol. made from it would be superior to those obtained it perfectly clear. During this operation, some waThe alcoholic preparation assumed a pearly turbid-from Europe, and thereby give to the American fa-ter was heated, in which had been put two pounds ness when distilled water was added. From these brics a preference in the blue dye, in which they of salt, and half a pound of alum, which he poured results we may conclude that this plant contains are now decidedly deficient. quite hot into the barrel; he shook it once, as in caoutchouc and resin. The ætherial and alcoholic I apprehend these balls are made by simply the former operation, and left the barrel well solutions, upon being evaporated, afforded a resi-placing the leaves together face ways as they are bunged. Two hours after, the water being still duum, which burst with great vividness, and exhi- gathered; that when a ball is made, it ferments and warm, he emptied it out, leaving the barrel to drain, bited a flame analogous to that resulting from the exudes sufficient moisture to cause an adhesion of and bunged it up very tight, till it should be wanted combustion of the spirits of wine. No results were the mass; and that this process developes the co- for use. A greater quantity of cow-dung, salt, and obtained from adding gelatin, and the sulphate of louring matter, so as to enable a vat to extract it alum, than the above will not injure the operation. iron to the infusion or decoction, from which it may with sufficient facility, -Cow-dung must be used, that of oxen is usereasonably be inferred, that it contains neither tanless. nin or gallic acid. Economical uses. We are informed, that in Canada, many persons are in the habit of gathering the flower in the morning before the dew is off, from which they manufacture a kind of sugar; and that those persons who cannot procure feather beds, are in the habit of filling them with the downy substance attached to the seeds. Medicinal character. The indigo made from the wild plant, is said to be of much better quality than that which is obtained from the cultivated; but that the former does not afford so great a quantity as the latter. THRESHING MACHINE AND HORSE MILL. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. [From a female Correspondent in South Carolina.] SIR, I cannot help telling you that I am very much pleased with your plan of appropriating a I have just had my threshing machine repaired, portion of the American Farmer to readings for the and find, that in consequence of the uncommon fi- female portion of the farmer's family. With the delity and skilfulness of the mechanic, who has articles generally under the Ladies' Department, I done the work, it will clean more wheat by 50 have been much gratified, and especially with the The cortical part of the root of the Syriaca, is bushels a day, and do it with less labour (although "Whispers" to newly married people, and others employed for medical purposes; and it has been ex-considerably impaired by six years' work,) than it on the same subject; except with one from the ser'hibited as an expectorant in some cases with very ever did since it was erected. The same thing also mons of William Cobbett, on the unnatural practice good effect. It possesses a slight share of narcotic has occurred with a grist mill, moved by horse of putting out children to nurse. When we wish power, but not in a sufficient degree to entitle it to power, which I have used for several years, and had to correct a bad practice, we must not exaggerate been frequently, very much disposed to abandon, its evils and its motives to such a degree, as to renin consequence of its working so badly, although it der the reading of the essay disgusting, as he has had in the mean time been overhauled and repaired done by his gross calumnies on the female part of by several professed millwrights, he has put it in mankind. a place in the class of narcotic remedies. RURAL ECONOMY. (From Partridge's Practical Treatise on Dyeing.) such order, that it now grinds a third more meal, On this subject, I have never seen any thing suON THE WILD INDIGO PLANT AS A SUB- with about half the labour of the team. The wheat perior to the enclosed extract from Letter XXIII. on machine will thresh with great ease one day with the Education of Venus, 2d volume of "Lettres à STITUTE FOR WOAD. another, 150 bushels of purple straw wheat, which Emilie sur la Mythologie, par C. A. Demoustier." is amongst the most difficult to clean, and allow a The whole work from which it is taken is elegant. The wild indigo plant growing every where in sufficient time to fan it out, and prepare it for mar- You have invited your female readers to contribute this country, ought to be brought into use for the ket-and the mill will grind 40 bushels a day; I to this department of your paper, perhaps some of blue dye. I gathered some in the fall of 1821, too work four horses or six small mules in the former, them to whom it may serve as an amusing exercise, late in the season to obtain it in maturity, and had and four small mules in the latter. I have men it boiled, and used the liquor in place of swill from tioned these facts in hopes of benefiting both par-' "Translated in Repertory of Arts, Vol. I. New series. will send you a translation. I know of nothing EASY METHOD OF JUDGING OF THE GOODNESS or equal, much less superior on the subject. ELEGANT EXTRACT. "Unjour, Cypris, vous serez mère, Les plus douces des jouissances. Des prénnies de la tendresse Et des éclairs de la raison. Ses levres presseront le sein, En admirant son minois enfantin, Vois croires démêter quelques traits de son père. Mors nous sentirez palquiter votre cœur Du plaisir de trouver l'auteur dans son ouvrage, Et de l'espoir de voir croître, sons votre ombrage, Le fruit dont vous aurez alimenté la fleur." METHOD OF DETECTING THE PRESENCE BREAD-CORN, AND BREAD-FLOUR. a cepting that the act of April, 1715, ch. 81, has not been acted upon. The juries have invariably set Millers judge of the goodness of bread corn by would be difficult to explain. In some cases because their faces against that act, for reasons which it the quantity of bran which the grain produces. Such grains as are full and plump, that have horses, and in others, because they were of opinion they thought the Act of Assembly applied only to bright and shining appearance, without any shrivelling and shrinking in the covering of the skin, are decision has been made by the Court of Appeals on the fence for general purposes was too high. No the best; for wrinkled grains have a greater quanti-that act, mentioned in Mr. Nourse's letter. I have ty of skin, or bran, than such as are sound or plump. no hesitation in saying that the act will not extend Pastry-cooks and bakers judge of the goodness of flour in the manner in which it comports itself in to any beasts damage feasant, except "horses, mares, colts and geldings." kneading. The best kind of wheaten flour assumes, at the instant it is formed into paste by the addition mentioned in my letter, published in Vol. 6, p. 308, The law relating to beasts damage feasant, as of water, a very gluey, ductile, and elastic paste, is the common law, and forms a part of the law of easy to be kneaded, and which may be elongated, Maryland. The law of trespass is there fully laid flattened, and drawn in every direction, without down. No decision could be found upon this subject breaking. in Maryland, because the law was decided many years before the colonization of the province took place. For the following fact we are indebted to Mr. "Grain which has been heated or burnt in the The whole of the difference of opinion takes place about the meaning of fences, and inclosed or un"The wheat must be put into a vessel capable of inclosed grounds. It never was designed by the Leholding at least three times the quantity, and the close lands which he considered waste or common, gislature, that a man should be compelled to enbe occasionally stirred, and the hollow decayed his neighbour. In this state there are no regulations vessel filled with boiling water, the grain should then though a division fence might be very important to grains, which float, may be removed. When the water has become cold, or in about half an hour, it tioned act of 1715, which extends only to horses, by statute, respecting fences, except the above menis drawn off. Then rince the corn with cold water, &c. In other states there are many and various and, having completely drained it, spread it thinly laws. on the floor of a kiln, and thus thoroughly dry it, stirring and turning it frequently during this part of the process."* MISCELLANEOUS. LAW OF TRESPASS. I Pour upon two ounces of the suspected bread, March, 1801, and a similar law some years afterIn New York, a law was passed on the 27th half a pint of boiling distilled water; boil the mixture for a few minutes, and filter it through unsized pawards, by which it is enacted that division fences per. Evaporate the fluid, to about one fourth of its between persons whose lands join, are to be made original bulk, and let gradually fall into the clear at the joint expense of both, except such persons fluid a solution of muriate of barytes. If a copious shall choose to let their lands or meadows lay open white precipitate ensues, which does not disappear and vacant. It is provided, that any person may by the addition of pure nitric acid, the presence of throw open his land for common, on giving three alum be suspected. Bread, made without alum, may more the notice. When beasts damage feasant have produces, when assayed in this manner, merely a MY DEAR SIR, Washington, Aug. 3, 1826. been distrained, the distrainor shall, within 24 hours, very slight precipitate, which originates from a mi- Pardon me for trespassing upon your time-but apply to the nearest fence viewers, to ascertain the nute portion of sulphate of magnesia contained in would be much obliged to you if you have the means damage--So much for New York. all common salt of commerce; and bread made with to inform me, whether there have been any deciIn Massachusetts, an act for regulating fences, salt freed from sulphate of magnesia, produces an sions in Maryland, similar in principal, to what is passed February 21, 1786, very much like that infusion with water, which does not become disturb- laid down by Mr. Boyle, as the laws of trespass or which New York subsequently passed. ed by the barytic test. damage feasant, and published in Vol. 6, American In the different states various laws have been Other means of detecting all the constituent parts Farmer; the case he refers to, in the previous vo-enacted very generally alike. I shall content myself of alum, namely, the alumine, sulphuric acid, and lume, does not appear clear. with referring only to the civil code of Louisiana, -potash, so as to render the presence of the alum un- My neighbour will not repair his fence betwixt which will immortalize its compiler, and stands unequivocal, will readily suggest itself to those who my woods and his fields; my cattle go over his de-equalled, (except by its precursor, the code Napoare familiar with analytical chemistry; namely: one cayed pannels and he sues me for damages, and I leon,) and which enacts-"In the country the comof the readiest means is, to decompose the vegeta- fear he will recover, though I prove his fence to mon boundary enclosure between two estates is ble matter of the bread, by the action of chlorate of be not over three feet in height and I am told that made at their joint expense, if the estates are enpotash, in a platina crucible, at a red heat, and then the old law of Maryland, 1715, is not applicable, closed; otherwise the estate which is not enclosed, to assay the residuary mass-by means of muriate and that decisions have been given to this effect, is not bound to contribute to it." This is, in fact, of barytes, for sulphuric acid; by ammonia, for alu- that every man must keep up his cattle, and that if the pith of the whole affair. If a division fence mine; and by muriate of platina, for potash. The they run upon another's land, though uninclosed, or has been kept up for years, both parties are bound above method of detecting the presence of alum, with an insufficient fence, the owner of the cattle is to keep it in repair, unless one of them can make it must therefore be taken with some limitation. liable to damages. appear that the fence is no longer of use to him. The common law upon this subject has never been adjudicated in Maryland, because it is an ancient law. A man is bound to keep his horses, &c. up, or they may be impounded. The distrainor has no right to do any thing more than impound, or tura them away. (Vide 6 Har. & Johns. Rep. 230, Knott vs. Diggs. Believe me, Very truly, yours, &c. There is no unequivocal test for detecting in a If decisions in Maryland have been given in conready manner the presence of alum in bread, on ac-formity with Mr. Boyle's opinion, which appears the count of the impurity of the common salt used in only true principle, the publication of one or more the making of bread. If we could, in the ordinary of them would have a good effect in saving expenses way of bread making, employ common salt, abso- of litigation. If you have leisure pray let me hear lutely free from foreign saline substances, the mode from you. of detecting the presence of alum, or at least one of its constituent parts, namely, the sulphuric acid, would be very easy. Some conjecture may, never- [The above having been forwarded to Mr. Boyle, theless, be formed of the presence, or absence, of of Annapolis, with the request of the Editor of the alum, by assaying the infusion of bread in the man-American Farmer, to make some notes upon it; he ner stated, and comparing the assay with the re- has politely communicated the following; the subject sults afforded by an infusion of home-made or house- is highly interesting to every land holder.] hold bread, known to be genuine, and actually assayed in a similar manner. *See a Practical Treatise on the use and application of Chemical Tests, illustrated by experiments, 3d edit. p. 270, 231, 177, and 196. MR. SKINNER, In answer to Mr. Nourse's letter which you have forwarded to me, I have no remark to make ex *Phil. Trans. for 1817, part i. On lands which have never been enclosed, or one of the parties, he is not bound to enclose or which having been enclosed, become useless to repair. obliged to fence against an adjoining close, unless At common law, the tenant of a close was not by prescription; but he was at his peril to keep his cattle on his own close, and prevent them from escaping. (Rust vs. Low & al., 6 Massachusetts' T. R. 90.) I have the honour to be, JAMES BOYLE SPORTING OLIO. Eclipse,) his dam by Highflyer-Cardinal Puff-ty by Matchem, out of the old Squirt mare, the dam Tatler-Snip-Godolphin Arabian-Stanyan's Ara-of twelve capital racers. St. Paul was imported bian, which mare was own sister to Frampton's into Virginia about the year 1804. Whiteneck, full sister to the Mixbury Galloway— Saltram. A dark bay, 15 hands 3 inches high, Sauce Box, a son of Jigg, sire of Partner. was imported into Virginia by Mr. Lightfoot, of Knowsley. Bay horse, elegantly formed, foaled Charles City county, about 1799-1800. He was 1796, and imported into Virginia in 1802. He was near 20 years of age when he came into Virginia; bred by the Earl of Derby, and got by Sir Peter he was formerly the property of the Prince of Wales; Teazle His dam Capella by Herod-Regulus-and was got by Eclipse, his dam Virago by Snap, ANNALS OF THE TURF.-No. X. Crab-Snake, &c. his grandam by Regulus, out of an own sister of (From the Petersburg Intelligencer.) Magic. Ch. horse, imported into North Caroli-Black-and-all-Black, sire of Tuting's Polly. &c. Dare Devil. Imported in the ship Rebecca, from na, was got by Volunteer, dam Marcella by Mam- Sir Harry. Was imported in the fall of 1804 London, in June, 1795; ran with great success at brino-Medea by Sweetbriar-Angelica by Snap-from London, by Wm Haxall, of Petersburg, Va. New Market several years, during which time he Regulus-Bartlett's Childers. He was 15 hands 3-inches high, full of bone and won 13 races out of 18 at that place, against the Mufti. Imported by John Tayloe, in 1801. He muscle, fine points, elegant form, and beautiful best horses of the day in England. He was a bay was bred by Mr. Mann, of Norwich, and was got brown colour. His stock was considered equal to horse, foaled 1787, and bred by the Duke of Graf by Fitz Herod, (one of the best sons of King He- any in the world; and he was one of the best racers ton, got by Magnet out of Hebe. Hebe by Chry- rod,) his dam by Infant, (son of the Godolphin Ara- in England, both for speed and bottom with very solite out of Proserpine, sister to Eclipse. bian,) grandam by Whittington, out of a full sister heavy weights, and probably cost more money than Dion. Was imported in the fall of 1801. by Col. to Black-and-all-Black; 15 hands 1 inch high. any other horse ever imported to this country, Hoomes, of the Bolling-Green. He was bred by Phoenix. Imported by Thomas B. Hill, into North (standing the owner within a trifle of 1200l. sterlg. Mr. Garforth, of Yorkshire, and got by Spadille, Carolina; a chestnut horse, bred by the Duke of when landed,) and was, in the estimation of good (one of the best sons of Highflyer,) his dam Faith Bedford, foaled 1798, got by Dragon, his dam Por- judges, considered as equal if not superior to any by Pacolet, his grandam the famous Atalanta by tia by Volunteer, grandam own sister to Styng, Flo- horse that had been imported into Virginia. Sir Matchem--Lass of the Mill by Oronoke-old Tra- rizel, &c. by King Herod. Harry was got by Sir Peter Teazle, out of Matron veller-sister to Clarke's Lass of the Mill-Grey- Precipitate. Fifteen and an half hands high, a by Alfred, grandain (dam of Pilot,) by Marsk--Rehound-Partner-Woodcock. fine sorrel, handsomely marked, of large bone and gulus-Steady-Palmer-Greyhound-Makeless— Sir Driver, a beautiful bay, 5 feet 3 inches high, foal-great muscular strength and powers. This cele- Counsellor-Brimmer-Place's white Turk. ed 1794, and got by Lord Egremont's famous run-brated horse was bred by the Earl of Egremont, Harry was the sire of some distinguished racers in ning horse Driver, his dam by Lord Ossory's cele-(and was full brother to his celebrated horse Go- Virginia: among them were Sir Hal, Sir Alfred, brated running horse Dorimant--grandam by old hanna, the best four mile horse of his day,) foaled Atalanta, and many others. The Sir Harry mares King Herod-Shepherd's Crab-Miss Meredith by in 1787; got by Mercury, dam by Herod, grandam have been held in high estimation, as having proCade, &c. by Matchem, out of Mr. Pratt's old Squirt mare. duced valuable stock, particularly when crossed Druid, a chestnut, elegantly formed, near sixteen Imported into Virginia by Wm. Lightfoot, about the upon Sir Archy. hands high, foaled 1792, and imported into Virginia year 1804. True Blue. Imported by Gov. James Turner, of in 1800; he was got by Pot8o's, (son of Eclipse,) his Restless. A dark brown near 16 hands high and N. Carolina, in 1803; bay horse, got by Walnut, dam by King Herod-Matchem-Snap-Regulus a most elegant form. He was got by Sir J. L. (son of Highflyer,) his dam by King Fergus-Celia -Bartlett's Childers-Honeywood's Arabian, &c. Kaye's famous horse Phenomenon, his dam Mr. by Herod-Proserpine by Marsk, sister to Eclipse. Dungannon. Bay horse, imported by Col. Tay-Coate's Duchess, one of the finest mares in Eng- Tickle Toby. Brown horse, elegantly formed, 16 loe, 1779, was got by Dungannon, his dam by Con-land of her day; Duchess was got by Lesang, her hands high; he was got by Alfred, (one of the best ductor-Flirt by Squirrel-Helen by Blank-Crab dam Caliope (and is the dam of Orpheus, Captive, sons of old Matchem,) his dam Celia by Herod, out out of old Partner's sister. Omphale, &c.) by Slouch, her grandam by Oronoke of Proserpine by Marsk, full sister to O'Kelly's Firetail. Imported in 1801, by Cain & Ray, of out of an own sister to Clarke's Lass of the Mill. Eclipse. Tickle Toby was the sire of the celebratNorth Carolina; bay horse, got by Phenomenon, Robin Redbreast. Was imported into Virginia ed race horse Sir Solomon. out of Columbine by Espusikes-Babraham-Blank|about the year 1803 or 1804; was got by Sir Peter Whip. A beautiful brown horse, imported into -Sterling-Lonsdale Arabian-Cypress Arabian-Teazle, his dam Wren by Woodpecker, out of Pa- Virginia in 1801, of great strength and size, being Crab's dam. pillon by Snap, (the dam of Sir Peter Teazle.) 15 hands 3 inches high; was got by Saltram, his Gouty. A beautiful bay, five feet three inches Woodpecker by Herod-Sir Peter by Highflyer, dam by King Herod, grandam by Ŏronoke, great high, foaled 1797, and imported into Virginia in and he by Herod. Robin Redbreast was bred con-grandam by Cartouch, out of an Arabian mare. 1806, was got by Sir Peter Teazle, his dam the fa-siderably in and in, and partook in all his crosses of mous yellow mare by Tandem-grandam Perdita the best blood in England. Wrangler. Imported in 1802 from England; he is a fine bay, foaled 1795 and bred by Sir Thomas by Herod-Fair Forester by Sloe-Forester-Part- Seagull. Was imported about the year 1796, and Charles Bunbury, and got by old Diomed, his dam ner-Croft's bay Barb-Makeless-Brimmer, &c. was got by Woodpecker, his dam by Snap, &c. Sir Charles Sedley's famous mare Fleacatcher by Gabriel. Bay horse, bred by Lord Ossory; was Spread Eagle. Imported by J. Hoomes of the Godolphin, grandam by Squirrel, great grandam by got by Dorimant, his dam by Highflyer-Snap, &c. Bolling Green, was bred by Sir Frank Standish; and Ball, out of a full sister to Snip by Flying Childers. having won fifteen races, beating the best horses: got by Volunteer, (one of the best sons of Eclipse, Fleacatcher was decidedly the best mare of her day; imported in 1799. his dam by Highflyer, grandam by Engineer-Cade she is the grandam of Col. Hoomes' Lady Bull. Hambleton. A beautiful bright bay, near sixteen-Lass of the Mill by old Traveller-Young Grey- Wonder. Imported in the fall of 1803, dark hands high, foaled 1791, and bred by the Duke of hound-Partner-Woodcock-Croft's bay Barb, chestnut, 15 hands 3 inches high, full of bone and Grafton, was got by Dungannon, (one of the best &c Eagle is full brother to Spread Eagle. very handsome; foaled in 1795, and got by Phenosons of Eclipse,) his dam by Snap, grandam by Sterling. Imported from London by J. Hoomes, menon out of brown Fanny by old Diomed; granBlank-Partner-Greyhound-Curwen's bay Barb, about the year 1799; a beautiful bay, got by Vo- dam by Marsk-Skim-Crab-Childers-Basto&c. Hambleton was imported into Virginia in the lunteer, (one of the best sons of Eclipse,) his dam &c. spring of 1803, by Mr. Lightfoot. by Highflyer, his grandam by Young Cade-his N. B. While on the subject of pedigrees I shall Herod. Grey horse, foaled 1792, and imported great grandam Childerkin by Second, out of the here take the occasion to remark, that it is my iminto Virginia in 1796. "He was got by young Hedam of old Snap; she was got by Fox, her dam pression there is an error in the pedigree of Col. rod, son of the famous old Herod, out of one of Gipsey by bay Bolton-the Duke of Newcastle's Eppes' grey mare, the dam of Pacolet, Little WonLord Clermont's stud, a daughter of Conductor. Turk-Taffolet Barb-Place's white Turk-Natu-der and Palafox. She is represented to be by TipIn point of blood, Herod cannot be exceeded, being ral Barb mare. poo Saib, and he by Lindsey's Arabian. There from the first running stock in England. Strap. Bay horse, imported into North Carolina were two horses of this name. Tippoo Saib out of Jonah. Bay horse, imported into Virginia about by Henry Cotten; he was got by Beninbrough, his Meade's Aristotle mare, (the dam of Celer,) and a the year 1803-4; he was foaled in 1795, and got by dam by Highflyer-Tatler, &c. grey horse called Tippoo Saib, bred north of VirgiEscape, dam Lavender by Herod-Snap-Cade- Silver. A beautiful dapple grey, imported into nia and got by Lath, (an account of whom was Bloody Buttocks-Partner-Makeless- Brimmer-Virginia about the year 1802; was got by Mercury, given in the 9th No.) There is no doubt but the Place's white Turk his dam by Herod, his grandam Young Hag by latter Tippoo Saib got Meade's mare. The matter, Jack Andrews. Imported by Wm. Lightfoot, of Skim, Crab, Childers, Basto, Byerly Turk, Leedes' however, is left open to investigation; but my inCharles City county, Virginia; a blood bay, 15 Arabian. formation is derived from two different sources. hands high, finely formed, and one of the most ac- St. Paul. A beautiful horse, remarkable for I cannot close this number on the subject of peditive and best bottomed horses ever imported into strength and bone; he was bred by the Prince of grees without an attempt towards establishing the this country. He was got by Joe Andrews, (son of Wales and got by his horse Saltram, his dam Puri-blood of a very celebrated stock of running horses LARGE SQUASH. DEAR SIR, PRICES CURRENT. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. ARTICLES. per from to from Havana,. lb. 92 to 9 12 50 5 30 32 16 174 20 22 in Virginia, viz: Ratler, Childers, Sumpter and Flir- Half a dozen cloves, bruised with gum arabic, are to be put into the bottle. If a very fine ink is wanted, white wine, or vinegar and water, should be used instead of water alone. CORNS AND WARTS. The subscribers, have just received from Col. E. Lloyd and Tench Tilghman, of Talbot county, Md. the following kinds of Wheat, viz: Early Ran Ripe, a white wheat, ripened the 8th of June, last harvest, on stiff land; the grain is very white and is said to possess some valuable qualities. Virginia White, from which the best bakers' bread is made; and White Flint Wheat, Red-chaff Bearded, Lawler, and Blue-stemmed Wheat will also be kept for sale. In Store, Seed Rye, and Grass and Garden Seeds. COTTON, Louisiana, &c. CANDLES, Mould, Dipt,. FISH, Herrings, Sus. FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 4 25 4 37 4 50 4 75 Susquehanna, superfi. white 4 00 5 50 65 67 70 Barley, Clover Seed, Red . . bush 3 87 4 25 4 75 lb. bush 1 75 2 00 scarce ton 215 220 Beans, White, . Bar. We have now ready to deliver three Cotton Gins with PLOUGHS. Havana, 1st qual. do. Prime,. On hand, a large assortment of Bar-share, Woods', Improved Cary, and Winan's Self-sharpening Point Apply soft brown paper moistened with spittle. A Plough of all sizes, with or without coulters; this plough is so constructed as to require little or no smithing to few dressings will remove them. keep them in repair, and does the work equal to any PLASTER, cargo price, plough now in use. We have been trying these ploughs about a year, and we are now fully satisfied that they only require to be known to bring them into general Improved Wheat Fan. 27 bbl 11 0011 50 gal. 8 50 ton. 4 00 ground, RICE, fresh, SOAP, Baltimore White, lb. Brown and yellow, WHISKEY, 1st proof, After three years experience, we think we have made PEACH BRANDY, 4th pr many important improvements in this article, which | APPLE BRANDY, 1st pr now gives general satisfaction; many certificates to that SUGARS, Havana White, c.lb. 12 50 13 50 14 do. Brown, effect may be obtained from those who have lately purLouisiana, Loaf, SPICES, Cloves, chased them. 1826. SINCLAIR & MOORE. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. On the Enemies of the Wheat Crop, by J. Buel, concluded-On Wintering Sheep, by J. Morgan--On Sheep and Wool, by R. K. Meade-Orchard Grass--African We are requested to state, that the next Cotton-White Flint Wheat-Prospect of Crops-Science of Gardening, continued-Remarks on the Asclemonthly meeting of the Trustees of the Maryland pias Syriaca, or common Silk Weed, by Wm. ZollickofAgricultural Society, will be held at Hazelwood-fer, M. D.-On the Wild Indigo Plant, as a substitute residence of G. Cooke, Esq., on Thursday next, the for Woad-Threshing Machine and Horse Mill-Melast day of this month. thod of cleaning Musty Casks, by M. LenormandesPoetry, Elegant Extract-Method of detecting the [A correspondent asks "Will your committee sence of Alum in Bread-Easy method of judging of the think proper to give a premium for the heaviest goodness of Bread-corn and Bread-flour-Law of Tresfleece-and the best sheep rack, from any part of pass-Annals of the Turf, No. X., continued-Recipes, To prevent Sea sickness, Cure for a Cough, To prevent the United States, the rack to unite convenience, Ink from moulding, To cure Corns and Warts, To cure economy of food and construction, &c.?" We have Burns or Scalds-Editorial-Large Squash-Advertiscno doubt they will.] ments. pre Ginger, Ground, bbl. 1 50 3 5 12 14 18 20 51 73 32 34 38 50 75 100 1 25 34 *35 50 WINES, Madeira, L. P. gal. 2 50 3 00 3 50 4 do. 1 15 1 20 50 200 1 15 1 20 1 50 175 8 500 8 00 doz. 4 1 65 1 85 2 50' Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. No. 24.-VOL 8. DEAR SIR, AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, SEPTEMBER 1, 1826. AGRICULTURE. MULES. 3. They are easier kept; 4. They are more serviceable; 5. They are less liable to disease than horses. First. It is less expense to breed them, because they are much more hardy than horses, and will subsist upon almost any kind of coarse food-such as shucks, hay, pea vines, oats, straw, &c. in the winter; and in the summer they require nothing but grass. This is not the case with young horses, for they require considerable attention. 185 mules ever since I was a boy, and I never saw one the seasons in the state of Alabama. No doubt a sick; nor have I ever seen one foundered, nor have few details on the above, or indeed any agricultural I ever seen a dead one. I believe they seldom die subject connected with this peculiarly romantic and but from old age, and we have not been using them fertile region, would be interesting to you. Forsyth, (Geo.,) July 29, 1826. long enough for many to have died in that way. I Our peach trees blossomed on the first of FebruSince I wrote you last, I have conversed with do not believe they are subject to the distemper, ary. These are all of the late kind, and, generalmany practical farmers, and corresponded with some glanders, staggers, or any of the common com ly, with few exceptions, such as were found in the upon the subject of using mules on farms, and in plaints of horses. In giving mules so decided a "Indian old fields." If we had the early June peach teams, in preference to horses; and they uniformly preference to horses, you must understand me to of Maryland, we should have ripe peaches in the agree with me in saying that mules are far prefera- mean mules of a good size, say 4 feet 8 inches to 5 month of April, or May at the latest. Green corn ble to horses, more especially where they are mafeet high. and musk melons were eaten in April, about the naged by negroes. The best mules we have are either bred here, or middle of the month. The green corn dance of the It is not my intention, nor is it in my power, here brought from Kentucky. I have seen Georgia, S. aborigines of Florida, generally took place about to write you a learned essay upon the natural his- Carolina and Kentucky mules 5 feet 2 inches, and the time of the new moon in May. tory of mules, for I live where we have no books heavy in proportion. Mules of this description are Our fig trees produce three crops in each year. upon such subjects; but I will try and furnish you very valuable, selling as high as $200. Some of the The first commences about the 20th of June; and, with some facts which may be of some service in a finest I have seen were said to have been bred by singular to relate, while one crop is verging to masection of the Union where mules are not worked General Hampton, who, I learn, greatly prefers turity, the new ones are seen protruding themselves extensively, unless introduced within a year past. them to horses on his farm. We formerly obtained (for they have no blossoms,) from the unoccupied prefer mules to horses, for the five following reasons: our mules from the Spanish provinces beyond the branches of the tree; and so on for three successive 1. It is less expense to breed them; Mississippi, and from Atacapa and Apalousa; but crops during the summer, or rather until frost, 2. They live much longer; they were generally small, in consequence of being which sometimes makes its appearance for a few bred from small wild mares, and fed entirely upon days in January, and sometimes not at all through grass, in the great western prairies-the usual cost the winter season. This probably is owing to our of them where bred being about a doubloon per vicinity to the gulph stream. We are in latitude head. Small Spanish mules sell here, unbroke, for 30° 20′. Wheat has already been raised in this $50 to $75; those brought from Kentucky, being vicinity on our poorest land, twenty bushels to the generally larger, sell for $65 to $85. It has been acre. I ate of the bread (not very fair, but sweet asserted that they do best in cold climates, but I and fine flavoured,) made from the same on the 22d think the assertion unfounded. of April. It had been harvested on the 10th of the The best European mules are those bred in same month. Spain and Savoy. In Savoy they are much used, Colonel Murat, last fall, introduced a superior Secondly. They live much longer than horses. especially for transporting persons and baggage species of Italian wheat, and distributed small parI believe you may safely set down a mule at 30 years across the mountains; and they are much used in cels to every planter who wished to make a trial of service; you may commence working them at three Spain for the same purpose. Many of the Spanish it. It is very productive, one single grain having in years old, and they generally live from 30 to 40 grandees drive them, and I learn that it is a very one instance produced forty-three stalks. years; whereas, you commence working a horse at common thing to see them in carriages upon the When I was a boy, I recollect to have heard an four years old, and the average of them live about Prado in Madrid. I believe they are much used in old farmer state in my hearing, that he always suc12 years, leaving you eight years service, which is all the South American States and in Mexico; and ceeded in preventing the wevil from injuring his about one fourth the service of a mule. It is true, they are much used in the West Indies. The an- wheat, by keeping it in tight bins made of sassafras some horses live much longer, say to 25 years-but cient Romans drove them in their carriages, in wood. I presume the strong odour emitted from more mules arrive at 30 than horses at 12, and some making their triumphal entries. I have frequently this species of wood, to be the cause of their ablive to a much greater age. I have heard of their seen them drove in handsome carriages in this sence. Would not red cedar have the same effect? being worked at 50 years of age, and I know some state. Bugs are known never to infest red cedar bedsteads. serviceable mules that are 40 years old. I will close this long letter with a few remarks Wheat is less liable to injury from wevil, or other Thirdly. They are easier kept. Mules, when in upon the manner of rearing good mules. You insects, when kept in the sheaf. service, require about three-fourths of the food that should first get a large well formed Jack, and then It strikes me, however, upon recurring to the rais necessary for a horse; but on farms they are get the largest, finest mares you can, for the size tionale of the principle, that as the wevil is inhegenerally idle from one-third to one-half their time, and colour of your mules will depend much upon rent in, and generates in the grain itself, a course when they are scarcely any expense, being as easi- your mares, the mule receiving its size principally of sweating, or exposure to the sun, for a few sucly kept as cattle; which is not the case with horses, from the mare, and its form from the Jack. They cessive times, of the wheat; and a subsequent depofor they require almost as much food during the should be tolerably well attended to when colts, but sit in tight casks covered over with a thin coat of winter months when idle, as when at work. In this should not be bred delicately, merely giving them suf- lime to exclude the atmosphere, would effectually state, where we feed almost entirely upon corn, ficient food to make them of a good size. A friend of prevent this noxious vermin from pursuing his demules will do good work upon fifteen or eighteen mine (Mr. Cowper, of St. Simon's,) prefers for win- predating ravages on this important staple of our ears of corn per day, while horses require from ter and spring labour, oxen, to either mules or country. twenty-five to thirty, and will eat more if given horses, and he thinks they might be used advanta- I could give you a Flemish account of the diffegeously through the summer. He breaks them at rent articles of produce; the seasons, climate, &c. Fourthly. They are more serviceable than horses, four years old, works them 5 or 6 years, then fat- of this new and growing country; but I took up the especially in the summer. We usually commence tens and kills them. He feeds them upon cotton pen merely to inform the gentleman of Alabama, ploughing here in February, (taking care of the seed, boiled and mixed with corn or peas, two parts through the medium of your valuable paper, of a cotton crops preventing our ploughing in the fall,) of cotton seed to one of corn or peas. Upon this specific, that "would lighten the labour and cheer the and get done about the middle of this month, (July,) food, and rice straw, they keep fat. And there is a heart of many an honest farmer," his country's "stay, and the hot weather frequently sets in as early as considerable saving in working oxen; they require in peace or war." the 1st of May; consequently we have two months, no harness, save the yoke and chain, which saves and sometimes more, of hot weather, during the considerable on a farm worked with slaves, for they ploughing season; and there are but few horses that will destroy a set of harness every year. keep in good order the whole season, if worked con- Mr. Cowper prefers either mules or oxen to horses stantly: yet you may plough a mule, or work him and says that a planter has no business with any where you please the year round, and he will horses on his farm. not fall off a pound, if well fed. I have heard some persons complain that they did not walk fast enough -but it is an easy matter to train them to walk as fast as horses. I have observed that they endure rainy and cold weather better than horses. They are much used here in teams; they carry the same drafts that horses do and travel as far in a day, and J. S. SKINNER, ESQ., always look better. them. MANSFIELD TORRANCE. CLIMATE OF FLORIDA. I am, very respectfully, ONE OF YOUR SUBSCRIBERS. ON RECLAIMING MARSH LAND. July 27, 1826. Sir, I have perused an article in the American [* It is known that vermin are kept from poultryFifthly. They are less liable to disease than Farmer of the 18th of May last, on the subject of houses by making their roosts, nests, &c. of this wood. horses. I have been in the habit of observing the difference of the climate and advancement of ED. AM. FARMER.] No. 24.-VOL. 8. |