the greater profit of agricultural capital in New general premium for the machine which shall "be to repent it: and all those within reach of a hay England over Maryland, where slaves have eaten considered new and as deserving the patronage of market should save every particle of winter food that up their owners, driven away their children, and are the Society." may enable them to reserve their hay for sale. now eating up themselves. FERMENTED LIQUORS, BUTTER, AND PLOUGHING, That article is now selling for $22 per ton. no change has been made.

miums heretofore offered for the best horses, have

dered.

GENERAL REMARKS.-We apprehend, that on a

HINTS TO FARMERS.

HORSES.-Here new premiums have been introduced for the express purpose of encouraging in the mode deemed most effectual, within the means of The following article is given as "Hints to Farmthe Society, for the encouragement of the race of view, of the list it must be admitted as apparent that ers, on the means of alleviating the mischiefs which the blooded horse in Maryland, besides the Pre- the Board of Trustees have kept in view, improve- are likely to result from the unfavourable season. ment in the substantial practical branches of agri- By the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart."—It is been increased in amount. The Board of Trustees culture. If in some things they may be thought to dated, Edinburgh, July 20, and addressed to the has probably been struck with the remarkable have erred they would only answer, "humanum est editor of the Courier, with the following short inerrare;" ;" but they court advice and are open to con- troduction:-"It is of the utmost consequence that and disparaging fact, that there is scarcely an viction.] the farmers should receive, with as little delay as estate in Maryland on which there can be purchased, what may be called a valuable saddle or harness possible, the inclosed hints on the means of alleviathorse, of good figure and action, such as a gentleing the calamities they are likely to suffer from this man would take pride in owning. It is admitted [In a late number of Bell's Weekly Messenger, most unfavorable season. I wish much, therefore, with pleasure that improvement is going on in this received at this office, we find the following hints to have the inclosed inserted," &c. The document is subjoined: particular, and if any one can suggest in what way from Sir John Sinclair, and, as they have grown It is evident that husbandmen, in many parts of the funds of the Society can be so appropriated as out of the "uncommon heat and dryness of the seato accelerate an object, with which the pleasure son," many of his suggestions may be applicable to the kingdom, are likely to suffer severely from the and the convenience of so many are connected, our own country. On the point of increasing litter, uncommon heat and dryness of the season. The such suggestions will be most respectfully consi- as a means to supply the deficiency of manure next scarcity of grass, the diminished quantity of hay, year, arising from the scarcity of the materials com- the failure in the crop of turnips, and the certain ASSES AND MULES.-There is now little if any monly used for that purpose, it has occurred to us deficiencies of straw, must in various ways be highdispute about the economy and value of the mule; that our farmers would be well repaid for their la- ly injurious to the farmer, in proportion as he expeon these points, as well as on the various races of bour by cutting the immense crops of the hog weed, riences these calamities. The number of his cattle the animal from which they are on one side derived, and other weeds which, as far as we have made ex- and his horses must be reduced, and even then they nothing remains to be said, since the publick was cursions in the country, appear to be more abundant will be ill-fed; while, from a want of litter, the quanfavoured with the excellent and conclusive prize es- this year than we have ever known them-we have tity of manure for the grain and green crops of the say of Mr. Pomeroy; yet it is wonderful what apathy seen some fields which we should suppose would succeeding year must be greatly diminished. is evinced on the point of procuring and encouraging yield two or three tons weight to the acre. It It is a duty incumbent upon those who have dithe best jacks to be used within the state. One is said that cattle will eat the hog weed kindly in rected their attention to agriculture, to furnish such would really suppose the publick to be actuated to- winter, if well cured; but, at all events, it would hints as may tend to alleviate the mischiefs which wards these enduring and faithful domestics by a make good bedding and litter for barn yards.- are to be apprehended from the joint operation of so prejudice similar to that which realizes the pro- There is another point touched by Sir John Sinclair many unfortunate circumstances. phetic denunciation against the serpent, "and the that deserves the most serious attention-that is the 1. REAPING THE CROP.-In many fields of oats and heel of the sons of Adam shall bruise the serpent's importance of every farmer making himself ac- barley, the straw is so short that it will be impossihead." There are perhaps not thirty mules reared quainted with, and putting into practice, the means ble to reap the crop with a hook or sickle. In such in Maryland in a year. of irrigation. Wherever a stream of water can be cases, short scythes may be used with advantage. NEAT CATTLE--The Premiums for these have brought to act upon any portion of his land, no pains But, in whatever way the harvesting is carried on, been augmented in consideration of the universal should be spared to put it in operation; more espe- the greatest care ought to be taken, either to cut use and value of Cattle, and the importance of pro- cially since we have now for so many fans aupari the crop close to the ground or to collect the stuboration, seeing that there is so enood the liability of the best dry-land meadows to ble for litter.

much difference in favour of particular races. Some fail from the drought. Of all manures water is one 2. ON STRAW-HAY-The second crop of clover being best fitted for beef, some for milk, some for of the most efficient, and when arrangements are this year, if the season be favourable, may still be butter, some for the yoke, and some uniting most once made to avail ourselves of its agency, it con- productive; but when there is much wet, the second of these qualities with the least number of defects. tinues to be, of all manures, the cheapest, not only growth is often lost. The only mode of preservaWe hope never again to see the Cattle-pens so bare because it is the free offering of bountiful nature, tion is, by mixing with layers of straw, more esas they were at the last Cattle Show. but because it costs less labour to apply it. We do pecially with oat-straw, if it can be procured The

SHEEP-No alteration has been made in the not here allude altogether to the advantages of irri- clover,when mixed with the straw, may be full of sap; scale of premiums for Sheep. All the valuable gation in the summer season; for we are aware that but it ought to be free from vain moisture, otherwise races are embraced, and it has been deemed useful the very droughts which so much enhance the value it may become mouldy. The clover is thus securto offer such inducement as will ensure to the pa- of that, will often exhaust the streams which are to ed, and the straw so much improved in value, that trons of the Society, and the agricultural publick, afford the means of it, but we mean to urge upon 5s. worth of straw may be thus converted into an an opportunity of seeing the various breeds. The the farmer that he should keep in mind the undenia- article worth 30s. or even more. Southdown breed, so remarkable for its hardiness, ble fertility caused by winter flooding of his land 3 SALTING STRAW-HAY-If the straw-hay is saltthe good quality of its wool and the excellence of where that may be, as it can be accomplished in so ed at the time of stacking, cattle will not only eat its mutton, has been imported by Col. Powel, in many situations where it is totally neglected. On the mixture more eagerly than good unmixed hay considerable numbers and in great perfection-we these topicks, IRRIGATION and FLOODING of land, we not salted, but will thrive nearly as well upon it. shall soon have an opportunity of realizing the merits have given, it is apprehended, ample testimony of The quantity recommended is, either one hundred. of a race of sheep so long esteemed in England for their advantages and instructions as to the means of weight of salt to seven or eight tons of hay, or a hardiness, and for yielding mutton of the finest conducting these operations. Is further informa- peck of ground rock salt, if pure, to a ton of hay. quality for a gentleman's table. tion needed by any on this or other subjects embrac- But as rock salt is often mixed with sand or earth,

DOMESTIC FAMILY MANUFACTURES.--Some of ed in this journal? the party is respectfully reminded manufactured salt is preferable. these premiums have been suppressed under the of what we have often suggested-To wit: that the 4. LITTER.-A great diminution of dung, from persuasion that since the establishment by the Tariff better way is to reduce his wishes to the form of the want of straw for litter, will be severely felt in of regular manufacturing establishments, these plain queries on each separate point, and if our cor- the succeeding crops; this deficiency ought to be things are not to be manufactured with economy by respondents do not, as they generally and liberally supplied by every possible means, as by collecting manual labour, and this persuasion has been con- do, supply the information from their own know weeds.-the leaves of trees,-fern and heath,-or firmed by the want of competition for the premiums ledge or experience, if we do not answer ourselves, employing peat mould,-fine earth,--and sea, river, in question. it will be because we cannot command the informa- or other sand, for that purpose.

On IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY.-No premium tion from our own resources. The trial is always 5. FEEDING STOCK.-The deficiency of food for has been offered for any particular implement, be- easily made; the paper is open, and the wisest men stock must be supplied by every expedient that can cause no improvement was expected to result from have always been the most ready to proclaim their be devised.

it. The active competition amongst these estab-own ignorance. Those who wrap themselves in One resource, would be to adopt the Flemish ishments has superseded the necessity of further self-conceit, or are too proud to admit their igno-practice of sowing winter turnips, and which is stimulus: yet it was thought best not to overlook the rance seldom make advances in acquiring know-likewise practised in some parts of England. As subject altogether, but to offer as an incentive to ledge. Farmers, if any, who have been improvi- soon as the crop is reaped, the land should be lightthe ingenuity and public spirit of our citizens, aldent of their corn-fodder this year, will have cause ly ploughed, or well harrowed, and the turnips sown

broad-cast. They never grow large; but in Flan- with soil, would manure five English acres. It they cannot in their hot and green-houses embrace ders, they are greedily consumed by cattle; and it would be desirable to ascertain what would be the the whole of Mr. Prince's splendid collections, yet is there remarked, that when given to milch cows, expense, and in what manner this manure could his fine fruits are an object of deep interest, while they are not apt to give any taste to the milk or but-be most profitably applied. bis hardy and ornamental trees and shrubs, poster. They are sometimes suffered to shoot; and I earnestly hope that other friends to agriculture sessing such a variety of leaf, growth, colour and the cattle devour them in that state, till the middle will lend their aid to improve these hasty sugges-bloom, are well calculated to give effect to rural of April. Some would prefer folding sheep on the tions, and, by our united efforts, that we shall still economy and to ornamental planting. Permit me crop; and when given to cattle, they ought to be be enabled to surmount the difficulties which we to remark, that no blame should be imputed to Mr. cut, to prevent any risk of choking the stock fed are likely to encounter. upon them, which sometimes happens when turnips are small sized.

a

JOHN SINCLAIR. 133 George-st. Edinburgh, July 15, 1826.

HORTICULTURE.

PRINCE'S BOTANIC GARDEN.

Prince, if a pear, apples, cherries, &c. highly es
teemed in Maryland, should not be approved in
Massachusetts or in Virginia. I know by expe-
rience, that every fruit has its favourite soil and cli-
mate, and therefore to insure to ourselves fine fruit,
we should try all, and stick to that which is best.
The subscriber is annually extending his collection
from Mr. Prince's nursery-he does not experience
any disappointment, every article, both hardy and
tender, reaches him in perfect security, put up with
such exact neatness, that there is nothing lost.
If the passage is long, all should be gradually ex-
posed to light. Now commences the proper time
for the removal of all deciduous trees.

EXTRACT OF A LETTER TO THE EDITOR.

If the crop of turnips has failed, the farmer is earnestly requested, after harrowing the surface, and clearing it of weeds, to sow the field with rape. If this is done in the end of July, or first week of August, the produce will be very great. The crop answers well for sheep folded, and may be mown J. S. SKINNER, Esq. September 25, 1826. and given to cattle, and even horses. The quanti- Sir,-In one of your late papers, you have noty of seed required, when sown broad-cast, is about ticed the arrival at the celebrated garden of Wm. 8 lbs. per English, or 10 lbs. per Scotch acre, at 6d. Prince, Esq., on Long Island, State of New York, per pound. The earlier it is sown, the better and of the bust of Linnæus, the father of systematic fuller produce may be expected. botany. I have been highly gratified by the inforWhere furze or whins abound, they may furnish a mation; for I do not know of any situation where My southern and western friends let me recomgreat and valuable supply, which might perhaps be this bust could with more propriety be placed. Con- mend, that you take home with you a portion, if onimproved, by having salt mixed with them. Large sidering the age of our country, and his limited re- ly a small one, of this invaluable collection. Attenfarmers should erect mills for bruising them, but sources, there is not a man living who has done as tively examine the catalogue, and let your children small ones must employ the flail or mallet. much to improve the botany of the United States at some distant day have it in their power to say, Heath-hay, or the shoots of young heath growing as Mr. Prince; and this too without any public aid, "my parents brought this here from William Prince's more or less intermixed with ordinary herbage, may wholly relying upon the taste. patriotism, liberality, nursery in the year 1826." F. be mown and easily dried for winter use. This is and enterprise of his countrymen, to remunerate done in Strathdon, in Aberdeenshire and in the more him for the expense which he annually incurs by hilly parts of Wigtonshire, and is found to be of importation from the various gardens of Europe, more value than many are aware of who have not Asia, and Africa, and for his constant and heavy exWITH SPECIMENS OF SUPERB GRAPES!! tried it. penditure for attending to and cultivating a garden MY DEAR SIR, Port of Oxford, Sept. 26, 1826. Linseed and oil-cake may be procured, either containing thirty-two acres closely filled, and in I am very sorry to see in yours of the 22d ult. from the continent or from North America; and if which he has frequently employed from thirty to the little specimen of fruit I sent you was damaged low priced may be a great resource to the farmer. thirty-six hands, gardeners and labourers. Our before you received it; and although I had the So great is the probable scarcity of hay, that travellers from the south and the north, from the honour to receive your statement with the basket; spirited farmer in Scotland proposes to import that east and the west, who visit New York, the empo- yet I have not had baskets to send you more in time article from Holland. What an argument this is in rium of American commerce, spend thousands of as I wanted to do; for few of my friends in Baltifavour of irrigation, which would ensure a produce dollars, less to their own satisfaction and public more return the baskets. I now send you a small of hay in almost any season. benefit, than would be derived from a visit to the basket of grapes, but regret that some sorts are Notwithstanding all these aids there is likely to garden of Mr. William Prince. There uninfluenced out that I wished you to see. My Muskatong be a deficiency of manure for the crops of next year. by names, they would examine for themselves, and peaches and large Heath, as all my fruits, came Most fortunately the application of oil, as a means consulting taste as well as utility, each visitor would sooner this year than common, owing to the great of enriching the soil, has been recently pointed out; take home, or order to be sent to him at the proper drought before harvest. I send you some red Hamand, so far as that article can be procured, there is season, a selection of choice fruit, rare flowers, orna- burgh grapes, and Jersey and Guernsey ditto, and reason to hope that the deficiency may be supplied. mental trees and shrubs, and perhaps some of each. only a dozen berries of the White Scuppernong,* Proofs of the efficiency of this manure shall, as soon This visit forms so pleasant an excursion by a good and they are the refuse and last of the fruit that can as possible, be submitted to the attention of the and cheap daily steam boat passage to Flushing, be found on the vine. It never bore before this farmer. where there is an excellent and spacious hotel to year, (three years old.) I find them worth propaAnother species of manure, which is but little at- accommodate select parties, that I am surprised gating. tended to in this country, is kelp, or the ashes of they are not more frequently pleased to view Mr. sea weeds. This dressing is peculiarly calculated Prince's splendid collection, to dine, and if necessafor stiff soils. It is found in the Isle of Jersey, that ry return the same day to New York. half a bushel of pounded kelp, if sown on a stiff soil In this collection the southerns and westerns in the winter season, or beginning of spring, will will see many articles, which, although confined to LARGE EGG PLANT. manure a perch or pole of land; consequently 20 the greenhouse at Flushing, will flourish in open (From the Frederick Town Examiner.) bushels ar acre. It is said that it gives a full ear to exposure with them. An egg plant, (Solanum,) was raised in the garcorn, and prevents its being laid.* The variety of olives, the 33 varieties of the ci-den of the Rev. John Dubois, at Mount St. Mary's, The resource of fish as a manure has not been suffi-tron, the 28 varieties of the splendid camellia, the 8 near Emmittsburg, which, in circumference, is 28 ciently attended to. In the rivers which run through varieties of gardenia,--the laurus in varieties, inches, its weight seven and a half pounds. Though the fens of Lincolnshire, Cambridges hire and Nor- Chinese magnolias, myrtles, narcissus, 21 varieties by no means as large as some this Reverend genfolk, the small fish called stickle backs swarm in such of passion flower, 491 different roses, 160 pelargo tleman has raised, it is sufficiently of the mammoth abundance, as to be purchased at from 6d. to 1s. per niums or geraniums; at least 50 varieties of superb growth, to entitle it to the denomination of a curibushel, and are successfully employed in forming carnations--more than 250 varieties of foreign osity, and to the inspection of those who delight in composts. The refuse of the pilchard fishery in grapes, from which to select for every soil and cli-viewing the progress of industry. Cornwall ensures great crops. There is an im- mate of our union. Here we will find the date tree,

I am, dear Sir,
With due respect, your friend,
JOHN WILLIS.

mense herring fishery on the coast of Caithness, so precious in the burning sands of Africa, and which A sweet potatoe, from Somerset county, was which produces much refuse or garbage, in the pro- will stand the climates south of Virginia. But why shewn to the Editor of the American Farmer last portion of one barrel of refuse to fourteen barrels of should I attempt a list which would fill a small week, which weighed eight pounds two ounces. herrings. But it requires the garbage of 84 barrels volume?

of herrings to manure a Scotch, or about 67 barrels It is by experiment alone (and that at but little Colonel Carr, at his garden near Gray's Ferry, an English acre. The effects of this manure, how-cost) we can ascertain what fruits, trees, shrubs, in the vicinity of Philadelphia, has this season, out ever, on waste lands, when first brought into culti- and plants, will stand our winters from Maine to of less than half an acre of vineyard, on a dry gravation, are hardly to be credited. It is calculated, Florida. The writer of these researches has success-velly hill adjoining the garden, sold 1200 pounds of that a ton of fish, moderately salted, in a compost fully introduced to open planting, many trees and grapes at from six to twenty cents per pound, and shrubs, heretofore thought too tender. made two hundred and sixty gallons of wine, valued *Communications to the Board of Agriculture, vol. It is said that the Bostonians have evidenced great at two dollars the gallon. i, p. 219, Sd edition, p. 226. taste in their green-houses and pleasure grounds; if * A large grape of delightful flavour..

TABLE OF THE PRINCIPAL KNOWN WINES, AND OF THE QUANTITY OF ALCOHOL IN WINES.

* B. means on the authority of Mr. Brande; P. of Dr. Prout; and Z. of Mr. Zez.

Braunenberg, Pisport,
Zeltingen, Wehlen, Graach
A Tuscan wine. A Candian wine.

RURAL ECONOMY.

CIDER.

(From the American Sentinel.)

A grape wine

Fermented juice of the
Palmira tree, Borassus
flabelliformis, Callu,
Tieldy, Saura.
Fermented juice of
Elate sylvestris, the
wild Date.

Nearly the same as Tari
Boiled rice fermented.
Fermented mare's milk
Fermented cow's milk.
The flesh of the lamb
fermented with rice
and other vegetables.
Fermented juice of the
palm tree, Congo.
Ferm'd millet, Caffres.
Fermented juice of Ap-
ples.

Fermented juice of the
Agave.

Juice of Betula alba
fermented with sugar.

mon use) and put immediately on the platform, and To convince you that I am correct, bruise a sour
in three or four hours a cheese or pressing is made hard apple, and force out the juice and you will
up, the screws forced upon it immediately, and in a find it thin as water, white and sour, bruise the
short time the work is done.
other side. and let it remain a few days, and you

Such cider as this, and made from sour hard ap- will find the bruise a deep colour, and the juice the ples, will have a watery appearance at the press, same colour, sweet and rich.

Much has been written on the subject of improv- and an actual sour flavour, and soon as fermented I am well convinced that we lose much spirit in ing cider in various ways, such as straining it from will inevitably have a light colour, and be but little the pumice. In New Jersey and the south, the disthe press, by filtration through sand or coal, by boil-different from poor weak vinegar, and poorly com- tillers never practice purchasing cider, but receive ing, freezing and racking, and by the addition of pensates the maker. The mode in which cider a certain number of bushels and parts of bushels of other ingredients to strengthen and improve it.-ought to be made, would be to grind the fruit in the apples, (as may be agreed upon,) for a gallon of Many of these and other modes are doubtless very old fashioned trough and wheel mill, until complte- brandy, and I am told that they pay more, and beneficial. ly crushed to a pulp; then remove it into a vat, and are themselves better paid, than our cider distillers; But my object is to point out and convince the let it remain in a mass until there appears a slight they grind them, and ferment the pumice unpresspractical farmer, by stating plain, simple facts, that fermentation upon it, which will be varied by the ed, in vats, and distill the whole mass; it makes the most important part towards having good cider weather and ripeness of the fruit from one to three what they call the apple brandy, and has a flavour is in the making-to obtain the strength and spirit days; then put it to the press, and not work it off too of the seed, which makes it differ from our cider from the apple, in the first place, and that in many, fast on account of having it clear. Your pumice in brandy, which flavour is more or less liked,-acif not in most cases, it is not extracted from the the vat will change towards a cherry red, and your cording to habit in use of either. I have often puice. It is needless to state that the rich, dry, cider will partake of the same colour, and if not thought that our cider distillers would find it prosweet apples make the best liquor, or that it is impor made too early in the season, will have sufficient fitable to erect vats, and send round and gather tant that the fruit should be ripe and not defective, body to carry it through the next summer, and a pumice from the presses in their neighbourhood, clean and dry: these things are generally and well good foundation to work upon if you wish to im (which is always wholly useless,) and ferment and understood. The great error lies in the imperfect prove it. distil it. I may be in an error, but I think it would

and hasty manner in which the work is done. It is My objection to the nut-mill is, that it merely be an experiment by those fitted for it. The usually the case that several make their cider at one breaks or cut up the apple, and does not crush and sting of the nose, which you feel in walking over mill, and each are allowed but a short time; the ap-grind it like the wheel; still, if the work is well done, a bed of pumice, is caused by the spirit arising ples are broken in a nut-mill (the kind now in com- the pumice will very much improve in fermentation. from it.

PERPENDICULAR GRAIN MILL.

In 1823 there arrived

1824 1825

1,329 boats.

the same qualities and effects as vinegar.
The commonest vinegar is least adulterated.

MUSTARD.

Mustard quickens the appetite, warms the stomach, assists in digesting hard meats, and dries up superfluous moisture. It seldom agrees with weak stomachs.

INCREASE OF CANAL NAVIGATION. the breast, and makes people look old and withered, A mill, constructed on a new principle, is now in We presume that but a few, even of those who with pale lips. operation on the property of General Van Renssa- are in the daily habit of seeing boats pass and re-best wines. Lemon-juice and verjuice have much The best vinegar is that which is made of the laer, near Albany, which is said to execute work pass upon our canals, are aware of the constant and with great facility. It is the invention of Messrs. rapid increase of business through the medium of Harris and Wilson, of Albany. It is called the these artificial rivers. We have taken the pains to "Perpendicular Grain Mill," and may be worked by obtain the number of arrivals at this city, and the steam, horse or water power. It occupies but a very result is as follows: small space, and though the stones are but about 27 inches diameter, and require only a one horse power, it will grind four bushels of wheat per hour with ease, and produces excellent flour. The stones, instead of being placed horizontally, are fixed in a perpendicular position, and are brought in closer conThe frequent drinking of a quantity of tea, as is tact, or separated at pleasure, by means of a screw. be far short of SEVEN THOUSAND; and there the general practice, relaxes and weakens the tone 'They perform two hundred and fifty evolutions in a is every prospect that the increase will in future be of the stomach, whence proceeds nausea and indiminute. The machinery is simple and cheap in its in the same ratio with the past, until it will become gestion, with a weakness of the nerves, and flabbiconstruction, and not liable to get out of repair. absolutely necessary to make another canal, double ness of the flesh, and very often a pale wan comThis mill is adapted to all the uses of the common the locks, or adopt some other means, to facilitate plexion. Milk, when mixed with it in some quantigrist mill, and has been found to be excellent in the transportation of the products of the west, which ty, lessens its bad qualities, by rendering it softer, grinding paints in oil. must all concentrate at this point on their way to and nutritious; and, with a moderate quantity of market. When the Ohio canal shall have been com-sugar, it may then be a proper breakfast, as a dilupleted, an immense sum will be added to our canal ent, to those who are strong, and live freely, in [Albany Advertiser.

SPINNING FLAX.

1826 to 1st Sept.

2,687

3,386

4,380

It is probable that the arrivals this year will not

revenue.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

BUTTER.

TEA.

order to cleanse the alimentary passages, and wash off the salts from the kidnies and bladder. But persons of weak nerves ought to abstain from it as carefully as from drams and cordial drops; as it causes the same kind of irritation on the tender delicate fibres of the stomach, which ends in lowness, trembling and vapours.

Messrs. Hunt & Hoskins, of this state, have in-
vented a machine, for which they have taken out a
patent, for the purpose of spinning flax. A small
model may be seen by those who have any curi-
osity to examine what we believe to be a very
valuable invention, in the large room at Tammany
Hall. As the work has always been done by the
fingers, one person could only attend to one spindle.
By the present machinery, a woman, it is said, can
attend to 80 spindles; and it is obvious that if the animal food, it is not wholesome. In the two first
culture of flax be attended to in this country, with instances it is very apt to turn acid in the stomach;
Coffee affords very little nourishment, and is apt
a view to its domestic manufacture, and should this and in the latter, to float uppermost in the stomach, to occasion heat, dryness, stimulation and tremours
invention succeed, linen goods may at no distant and disturb the digestion. If melted thick and of the nerves, and for these reasons is thought to
carefully, and eaten with vegetable food and bread occasion palsies, watchfulness, and leanness. Hence
time become nearly as cheap as cotton.
[N. Y. Ev. Post. only, it is not so liable to this objection.
Butter is good for dry constipated habits, but not
for such as are bilious, asthmatic, or corpulent.

Well made pure butter is lenient and nourishing,
eaten cold, in moderation, with bread. But upon
hot new bread, or hot toast, or used as sauce to tea is less wholesome than black or Bohea.

It should never be drank hot by any body, green

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT.

CHESAPEAKE AND OHIO CANAL ESTI-
MATES.

SUGAR.

COFFER.

dry, and bilious constitutions. If moderately used it is very plain that it must be pernicious to hot, it may be beneficial to phlegmatic persons, but, if drank very strong, or in great quantities, it will prove injurious even to them.

CHOCOLATE

FRUITS.

Sugar used in moderation is nourishing and good, but much of it destroys the appetite, and injures the digestion. Moist sugar is the sweetest, and A letter to the editors, from one of the most re-most opening, refined sugar, of a binding nature. cleansing; from which quality it often helps digesIs rich, nutritious, and soothing, saponaceous, and spectable gentlemen in Berkley county, Va., states The preparations made of sugar, such as barley su- tion, and excites the appetite. It is only proper for that he has examined, with some interest, the state- gar, sugar-candy, &c. are all indigestible and bad, as some of the leaner and stronger sort of phlegmatic ment of prices by which the Engineers have esti the good properties of the sugar are destroyed by constitutions, and some old people who are healthy, mated the cost of executing the work on the Poto- the process it undergoes in the making them. and accustomed to bodily exercise. mac Canal, and that they very far exceed the ac- They are particularly injurious to children, from tual prices at which the same articles sell in market cloying their delicate stomachs. Young children on that route. Lime, for instance, he has himself are in general better without sugar, as it is very apt purchased by retail, of a very beautiful as well as to turn acid and disagree with weak stomachs; and excellent quality, for 12 cents, and he doubts not the kind of food they take has natural sweetness a contract by the quantity, might be had at 10 cents. enough in it not at all to require it. With regard to bricks, he is convinced they could be purchased for three and a half or at most four dollars per thousand. Daily labour, too, which is Salt, moderately used, especially with flesh, fish, estimated at 100 cents per day, he says he finds no butter, and cheese, is very beneficial, as it naturally difficulty in procuring at 40 cents, and when hired stimulates weak or disordered stomachs, and checks Fruit, moderately eaten, is wholesome, particuby the month, at six dollars-ordinary hands at five. fermentations. But if it be immoderately used it larly as correcting the grossness of animal food. This is exclusive of the board; but, every thing in- has a contrary effect. Very little salt should be used But an excess of it, and especially of unripe fruit, is cluded, any number of hands, he says, may be had with vegetable food of the grain or seed kind; for productive of many diseases; amongst children in at an expense not exceeding eight or nine dollars the less salt that is put to it the milder, cooler, particular, it often occasions such as the nettle rash per month. He says he might go through the whole pleasanter, and easier of digestion it will be. Salt and St. Anthony's fire.

list of articles, as far as they come within his know-excites the appetite, assists the stomach in digesting Fruit invariably disagrees with bilious persons; ledge, and shew the same miscalculation, had he crude phlegmatic substances, is cleansing, and pre- but is a sovereign remedy for the sea-scurvy, and time, or were it necessary. With all the mass of vents putrefaction; but if too much used, it heats for diseases arising from an excess of animal food. evidence on this subject, he asks, would it not be and dries the blood and natural moisture. It is possible to get the Secretary of War to have the best for phlegmatic, cold, and moist stomachs; and estimates made on a more reasonable scale? most injurious to hot, lean bodies.

Salt-petre is particularly bad for bilious persons.

VINEGAR.

Upon this suggestion we remark, that the quantity of work to be done, being estimated, it will be very easy to graduate the total cost to the ascertained price, at which the several items of labour Vinegar is cooling, opening, excites the appetite,) and materials can be obtained. If the cost of the assists digestion, is good for hot stomachs, resists particular items may be estimated 50 or 100 per putrefaction, and therefore very good against pescent. too high, the total estimate will of course be tilential diseases. Too much use of it injures the reduced accordingly. 'nerves, emaciates some constitutions, is hurtful to

FLOWERS.

With each expanding flower we find
Some pleasing sentiment combined;
Love in the myrtle bloom is seen;
Remembrance to the violet clings;
Peace brightens on the olive's green;
Hope from the half-closed iris springs;
And victory on the laurel glows;
And WOMAN blushes in the rose!