PORTRAIT OF JACK, The terrier dog, son of English Billy, imported to Baltimore in September, 1826, along with the terrier bitch Rose; the former 15 the latter 12 months old. See American Farmer, Vol. 8, p 207. We are thus particular in recording what relates to these dogs, for the sake of preserving the means of tracing hereafter, as there will doubtless be occasion to do, the pedigree of their progeny. It will be seen that the gentleman who took great pains in procuring the best to be had in England, says they are both out of celebrated fox terriers. The sporting books and works on natural history SPORTING OLIO. BLOOD HORSES. In a letter from one of the first houses in Philadelphia, (publishing works of this kind,) to Mr. Mills, we find the following remarks: "Your Atlas of South Carolina is an extraordinary work. There is not at this time a single country in Europe that has an atlas equal to it; and it is only now that France is about to have one on a similar scale. How much more extraordinary would it appear to have an atlas devoted exclusively to Brittany, Normandy or other parts of France, as yours is to one of the United States. Considering it an extraordinary thing, we are desirous of sending a copy of your first sheet to one of our friends in France, editor of one of the principal journals, who notices all such matters, and would be very glad to have it as a specimen of what is doing here." The Atlas of South Carolina is of the largest size imperial, and contains 28 maps, corresponding to so many districts or counties of which the state is composed, projected on a scale of two miles to the inch. Some of the maps occupy a space on the sheet equal to 1000 square inches; the whole are engraved in the handsomest manner by Tanner, well known for his talents in this art. The frontispiece displays a general map of the State, accompanied by a brief statistical view of the same, beautifully executed by the house of Fielding Lucas, Esq., of this city, at whose bookstore a copy of the Atlas is deposited for inspection. inform us, that in England every pack of hounds is accompanied by a terrier, on account of their ex- has spared no expense. Fifty thousand dollars have To accomplish this great work South Carolina pertness in forcing foxes from their holes. With us been expended in making the surveys, which were they might be employed for the same purpose with to include all the judicial divisions of the state unequal advantage. But they are more used and der separate heads. valued for their natural antipathy to rats, mice, and other animals of that sort. Touched, as Jack is, with fecting a work of this important character, and the The noble example set by South Carolina in perthe blood of the bull dog, they become also formi- efforts made and making in other states to effect dable watch dogs, willing and capable to defend the same object, should serve to encourage and stithe stable, meat house, poultry yard, &e not only mulate the legislature of our State to do the same from rats and mice, but from mischievous and thing. The expenses of making surveys would not thieving curs, whether of four or of two legs! be very great at the present time, in consequence of the extensive topographical examinations which next grass; he will be exhibited at the next show are now making in various sections of the State, of horses at the Union course, and his speed and with reference to internal improvement; and how bottom fairly tested, should no accident prevent his much would such a work aid us in a right knowrunning. In the mean time for the benefit of sports-ledge of this subject. (From the New York Evening Post.) men, it may not be improper to give his pedigree Great exertions have been made by a few gentle- contained in the following letter from Holdsworth's there is another state work of equal interest, which In connection with the Atlas of South Carolina, men in this city and the neighbouring towns, to im- stud groom to T. Connah. Mr. Mills has prepared, and which is now in the prove the breed of horses from the best blood and stock that could be procured, nor have they labourpress; namely, the Statistics of South Carolina--ed in vain. With an Eclipse to build upon, they Pedigree of bay colt Valentine; he was bred by embracing both a general and particular view of have reared colts that are able to contend with any Mr Holdsworth in 1823, got by Magistrate; dam the state under the several district heads. thing hitherto brought against them in the field Miss Forrester by Diamond; grand dam by Alex- In order to obtain, without much difficulty, corSeveral have been purchased at enormous prices ander out of Capt. Absolute's dam, by Sweet Wil-rect information on the subjects treated of in this and taken out of the state, but we have materials kam; Thetis by Chymist; Curiosity by Snap. work, Mr. Mills distributed a circular through the enough left and can raise more. We are unques Magistrate is by Camillus, dam Lady Rachel by state, containing queries, to which answers were tionably indebted for our best stock thus far, to di Stamford; her dam, Young Rachel, by Volunteer requested:* rect importations from England, and although it is out of Rachel, sister to the Maid of All Work, by tuation-Boundaries--Extent-Nature of soil-ProHistory of the settlement-Origin of its name--Sinot perceptible that the breed deteriorates in this High Flyer. country, yet we are pleased to learn of the recent Above you have the pedigree of the colt bought arrival of the bay colt Valentine, imported during by Mr. Wm. Coates, for you, and I have no doubt * As the subjects to which these queries allude are the last month, in the ship Dalhousie Castle to this of his giving every satisfaction; he is perfectly would invite the attention of our citizens to the prointeresting to us also, we have included them here, and city, the property of Thomas Connah, who came sound, his colour good, viz. blood bay with black priety of collecting information on them, as opportuniout with him, and consider it a great acquisition to legs, and being near 16 hands, cannot fail answer- ties or leisure occur, especially now, whilst we have the stock of this state. He is now at Bathgate'sing your purpose well. I am, sir, your obedient yet amongst us many of the original settlers of the stables, Westchester, and will be four years old servant, JOHN WINANT. country, or their immediate descendants. Farnsfield, Feb. 23, 1826. PRICES CURRENT. ARTICLES. lb. WHOLESALE. RETAIL. per. from from to to 5 8 30 31 9 12 50 161 17 15 164 20 22 20 11 13' 10 12 ductions-Amount per acre-Value--Towns-Vil-dented for the last sixty years. "Ned," as Mr.| cellaneous remarks. A FRIEND TO INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. Baltimore, Sept. 23, 1826. THE UNIVERSITY. Mr. James Jackson, of Islip, (L. I) is making a FEATHERS, Live, similar experiment with a trout. When it was FISH, Herrings, Sus. taken and put into the well, or spring, three years FLAXSEED, Rough,.. Shad, trimmed, since, it did not weigh two ounces. Last March FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 4 62 4 75 5 25 6 00 it was taken out and when put into the scales found to weigh over two pounds. It will rise gently from the bottom of the well and feed out of the hand. And what is very remarkable, it will suffer none of the finny tribe to occupy the same cell, not even one The faculty of the University of Virginia have of its own immediate family. Several different kinds arranged the plan of a public examination, to take of fish, and among them trout of large size, have place at the close of the present session. There will been put into the well, and all have been immedibe a thorough examination of each particular class, ately attacked, and ultimately killed by this lord of in the respective branches of education, and honor- the castle. The object of keeping him a prisoner, ary distinctions will be awarded to such students as is to ascertain, by good feeding, the size to which shall deserve them, by the superior merit of their these delicious fish will attain, and how rapid are attainments. The examination will be conducted their growth. so as to afford a fair and full opportunity of testing the proficiency of each student in his class. Wel TO THE LOVERS OF GOOD Beer. have not learned the details of the plan; but they Beans, White, Put two quarts of molasses into a keg with ten HEMP, Russia, clean, . will be made known in due season. This step will gallons cool water. Boil two ounces alspice, two Do. Country tend at once to develope the talents of the faculty ounces ginger, two ounces hops, and half a pint of HOPS, 1st sort, and students of this institution, and to furnish evi- Indian meal, in two or three quarts of water about HOGS' LARD,. dence of the advantages of the plan upon which an hour; strain it into the keg while hot, add one LEAD, Pig education is here conducted. We entertain a con- pint of yeast; shake it well together, stop the keg fident hope that its result will be highly satisfactory nearly tight, and let it stand about twenty-four MOLASSES, sugar-house gal. to all who feel an interest in the progress of letters, hours, when it will be fit for use. The whole ex-¡ and in the success of the University particularly.Amid the numerous institutions of learning which are springing up in our country, and extending their happy influence far and wide over our community, the University of Virginia occupies most deservedly an elevated rank. It is the meridian light of Virginia, and its destinies involve the best hopes and most brilliant promise of our state. We venture to affirm, that the expectations to which it has given rise, will be fully answered. Bar. We take this occasion to remark, that the library most order, and the steadiest application have, of PG. F. Miller, at the office of the American Charlottesville, Sept. 16. CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. LONGEVITY OF A TROUT. Fifty-three years ago, Mr. William Mossop, of Premiums proposed by the Maryland Agricultural SoBoard-hall, near Broughton in Furness, when a ciety for their next Cattle Show-Hints to Farmers, by boy, placed a small trout in a well in the orchard Sir John Sinclair-Prince's Botanic Garden-Superb belonging to the family, where it has ever since re- Grapes-Large Egg Plant-Potatoes-Table of Wines, mained until last week, when it departed this life with their quantity of Alcohol-Cider-Perpendicular not through sickness or any other infirmity attend-of Canal Navigation-Observations, butter, sugar, &c.Grain Mill-Spinning Flax-Canal Estimates--Increase ing old age, but rather for want of its natural sup-Flowers-Portrait of Jack-Blood Horses-Mills' Atlas port, water, the severe drought drying up the spring of South Carolina-Charlottesville University-Longewhich supplied the well; a circumstance unprece-'vity of a Trout-Good Beer-Editorial. lb. NAVAL STORES, Tar, bbl. 244 46 50 621 75 Turpentine, Soft, Loaf, SPICES, Cloves, . Claret, 238 15 5 12 14 5 gal. 32 33 S8 50 75 100 1 25 29 50 15 9 50 10 00 Port, first quality, 165 1 85 2 50 Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S. No. 30.-VOL 8. AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, OCTOBER 13, 1826. AGRICULTUKE. ON THE USE OF LIME IN AGRICULTURE. (From the Sd vol. of Memoirs of the board of Agriculture of the state of New York.) lows: 233 ter to slack it. Others have the ground all ready better, and can be more intimately mixed with the for seeding, and haul the lime and put it on the soil. the Pa. Dec. 19, 1824. same way, and as soon as slacked, spread it and There are good farmers who differ as to the quanharrow it twice over, and then sow the seed and tity of lime that is most profitably applied. Some harrow it twice over again, which mixes it very well say 60 bushels on the acre, some 70, and some more. and keeps it near the surface of the ground; this I have applied 100 on an acre of lime-stone land, at Lime has been long and profitably used in some method I think the best,-both the above methods a dressing, but have not been able to discover any of the counties of Pennsylvania, in the business of are here used. I have had put on my land this sea- benefit from using it thus freely, nor any injury, husbandry. It has stood the test of experience, and many farmers who had abstained from its use, on of lime, and have put it on in both the above ways, son between seventeen and eighteen thousand bushels except in the loss of lime. Wheat seldom receives any benefit from lime the introduction of gypsum, are again resorting to and have not put on less than sixty or seventy bush- until the second or third year after it has been apit, we are told, as the cheapest and surest means of els per acre, nor more than one hundred. I have plied, except it has been mixed in a compost of increasing fertility to the soil. We believe that, on trial, its use will be found no less beneficial in New no hesitation in saying, that I have experienced fif- yard manure and earth. This method is much York than it has proved in Pennsylvania, and in ty per cent. benefit in corn and grass; in our wheat practiced in the lower counties of this state; though crops I cannot yet so well judge the benefit, not not by good farmers until they have applied lime as Great Britain. At all events, as lime exists in great having limed my land more than two years past, the basis of melioration. By this management they abundance in most of our counties, it is of impor- but have not the least doubt but I shall be amply have raised their lands from an impoverished state, tance that the question should be settled by careful repaid for all the cost and trouble of the lime. Our produced by injudicious cropping, to such a state and repeated experiments. The importance of the subject induced us to write lands here are nearly all lime-stone land, and of a of fertility, as, I am informed, to enable them to fatto Pennsylvania, for such information as might serve good quality, and will bear more lime than land of ten a bullock of six hundred weight on an acre, and to guide us in the application of this useful fossil a poorer quality; but it is the general opinion that to cut grass from the same acre sufficient to winter for the improvement of our farms. The two let-the most benefit from it; and no doubt it is the case. poorer soils agree best with lime, and receive another. Sandy soils are greatly improved by the use of ters which follow have been received in reply to our Some are of the opinion that lime-stone land is not lime. I lately purchased some of that kind, which inquiries. They come from practical farmers, much benefitted with lime, particularly for wheat was originally covered with chestnut timber, and and although the information which they contain is crops, though that is not my opinion; and should I was called mountain land. It had been cleared senot so full as we wished, it is nevertheless sufficient, be spared a few years, I shall be better able to venty years; but lying a distance from the farm we hope, to induce the enterprizing cultivators of judge, as I have, for these last two years, been buildings, had never received any manure but a our state to give the subject a fair experiment. It may not be amiss to state the qualities of the not the least doubt but I shall be fully recompensed farmed since I owned it; and although to appearance liming my land on a tolerably large scale; and have dressing of lime. This land I have had repeatedly Pennsylvania lime-stone, and to remark, that we for it, both in my wheat crops and other grain; in it seemed to be almost a caput mortuum, with the shall endeavor to obtain an analysis of specimens corn we have already experienced the profit. aid of ten or twelve four-horse loads of the gleanof our own state; which, if we obtain in time, shall be inserted in a subsequent page of this volume.ble servant. I remain, dear sir, very respectfully, your hum-ings of a yard of a public house, it has produced as CYRUS JACOBS. much, and as good wheat, rye, oats, timothy and Professor (now president) Cooper examined speciclover to the acre, as any land in the township in mens of the former, obtained from nine different localities. The results of the analysis were as fol- Letter from Daniel Buckley, Esq. dated Salisbury, which it lays. I consider the liming which it had fifty years ago as the principal cause of its fertility. It is a general opinion amongst good farmers, Pure Silex. Alu- Carb. of J. BUEL, Esq. lime. mina. Magnesia. Dear Sir-I received your favor of the 16th No- that liming should be repeated every ten or fifteen 12 vember, requesting information as to the effects of years, and that the increased crops richly compenlime upon various soils, the methods of application, sate the expense. It matters very little how it is apits duration as a manure, on what crops most imme-plied, provided it is evenly spread immediately afdiately useful, and on what remotely, the quantity ter it is slacked. If suffered to air-slack, or to lie applied, and at what intervals repeated, the price, after it has been water-slacked, it re-imbibes carbonic acid, which the fire had expelled, becomes A want of confidence in my ability to answer these queries suitably, will compel me to confine my lumpy, and is more difficult to be incorporated with remarks principally to the sphere of my practice the soil. Some spread it upon the sod, and plough it under, and think they have as much profit from and personal observation. The land which I cultivate, according to McClure's it in this way as in any other. When thus applied, building or for land, and No. 9 the weakest. The treatise, is transition, composed of white and yellow it powerfully contributes to decompose the tougher fibres of the sod, and to convert them into nutrifirst four are strong lime-five and six of medium clay and lime-stone, much of the latter appearing quality, and No. 8 nearly equal to No. 7: that is on the surface, intermixed with flint. Upon this soil ment for the crop. according to their reputation in the neighborhood. I have made a liberal use of lime ever since the year The price of lime is governed by the price of Magnesia, in the proportions indicated in the fore- 1790, and think I have been well rewarded for the ex-wood, the distance the stone has to be transported, going results, is not prejudicial to vegetation; pense and labor, by the increased value of my crops. those who burn it. Where wood costs but one dolthe construction of the kiln, and the experience of though a greater proportion (22 per cent.) has, ac- The method of applying the lime, which I have cording to Teffnaut, been found injurious in Great adopted in common with my neighbors is, in the lar a cord at the kiln, where the stone has to be cartfirst place, to plough up a sod field with a strong ed not more than the fourth of a mile, the kiln well team, in the spring or fall, harrow it the way it is constructed to contain 800 or 1,000 bushels, and the workmen understand their business-the lime can Letter from Cyrus Jacobs, Esq. dated Spring Grove ploughed, and mark the field into as many squares be sold at eight dollars the hundred bushels at the Forge, Nov. 8, 1824. as you intend to put on half-bushels, say 100 on the J. BUEL, ESQ. acre, which will bring the furrows about 20 feet lime-kiln, and leave to all concerned a fair compensation for their labour and expense. I have paid Dear Sir-In answer to your queries about lime, apart each way, and require 50 bushels to the acre. I have to inform you that, until within the last two This quantity I have found to be most profitable.- 25 dollars per hundred bushels, delivered on the or three years, it was but little used as a manure in When the lime is burnt, and as soon as it is cool field, at ten miles distant from the lime-kiln, and this neighborhood; it is now more used, and on all enough to handle, it ought to be hauled on the land think I could not have applied my money to better soils; some farmers put on first, from thirty to forty already marked. and a half-bushel deposited in the advantage. This was applied to land of the old red-stone formation. The produce has far exceedbushels per acre, and in two or three years after centre of each square, in as compact a heap as poswards, about the same quantity; the general opin- sible. If water is convenient, I prefer to slack the ed my expectation. I however make use of barnion is here, it operates on corn and clover the lime immediately, rather than to wait for rain, as it yard manure and plaster of Paris; the former at the soonest. It is put on the land in different ways becomes finer and can be more evenly spread. As rate of ten four-horse loads the acre; and the latter here; but generally the land is first ploughed, and soon as it has slacked, it is immediately spread and at the rate of a bushel and a half, on rye, timothy the line hauled out of the kiln before it has slacked, well harrowed. This method I prefer for Indian and clover. Yet I consider lime as the real mother and put on in about one bushel in a heap; and as corn, barley, oats, rye and potatoes. On all the of all the sweet grasses. I am, with sentiments of esteem, your obebient soon as it is slacked spread immediately, and har- above crops I have experienced a great benefit from servant, DANIEL BUCKLEY. raved twice over and then ploughed in; and in dry lime the first year after its application. With poP. S. I have omitted to state, that on land which weather it often happens that we have to haul wa-tatoes I add about 15 two-horse loads of barn-yard manure to the acre, before planting. A second lim- has been much exhausted, or has naturally a thin *See Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultural Socie-ing is often given, and much approved of, after an soil, we do not apply more than 30 or 40 bushels to ty, Vol. p. 106 of appendix. interval of three or more years. This amalgamates the acre, at the first dressing; but in three or four No. 1-100 parts gave 83 3 2 66 66 81 3 2 14 66 80 4 14 14 12 16 14 23456789 46451 14 4 Of these, No. 7 is regarded as the strongest for Britain. No. 30.-Vol. 8. &c. years afterwards the liming may be repeated to advantage, to the extent of fifty bushels on the acre. D. B. own manufacturers, and because the accounts were HARD TIMES!-HARD TIMES! port should be made to depend upon their industry [Such is, and such always has been the cry of and good conduct. We think we could mention one workhouse not many miles from Hyde Park our farmers; and the present times, it must be conLetter from William Chapman on the use of lime in with much better times, so far as relates to the prices with about a score of hale, strong, and lusty wenchfessed, are hard, if we compare them exclusively corner, which could supply the farmers of Canada or New South Wales, or the Cape of Good Hope, agriculture. of agricultural produce. But before we can feel SIR--Agreeably to your request, I now communicate to you my experience in the use of lime in hus- justified in complaining of hard times, and general es, for in or out-door work, to the great relief of such parish, and certainly to the aid of the colony distress, ought we not to look to worse times as well bandry. to which they should be so sent. as better? and to other countries as well as our First-While with my father in England, I as-own? It is true that wheat will not fetch $2 per sisted to set out large quantities of lime as a ma- bushel, neither will tobacco bring $100 per hogs- the distressed state of Ireland, because our attenWe have hitherto abstained from entering upon nure. It was applied to all soils upon his farm, viz: head. But does the happiness and the comfort of loam. We put on from two to three hundred not the farmer an abundance, and more than he can not so full as we have lately found them to be. It moss or turf, clay, black or yellow loam and sand life consist, indispensably, in these prices? Has tion has been occupied with the sufferings of our bushels the acre. I have seen land that before devour of meat and bread? Does he not manage liming was so poor that it would bear nothing but scandalously whose garden does not furnish him land, and Dublin in particular, is in a state of exnow appears from all concurrent reports, that Irebent and moss, after liming give the heaviest crops with plenty of good vegetables? and whose dairy treme misery, and that the approaching autumn and of oats and wheat for ten years, and I have no doubt does not yield milk and butter to consume and to winter are anticipated with general apprehension. it would have produced good crops for ten years spare? Cannot every farmer raise wool, and cotton longer, with suitable alternation of grasses. and flax, to clothe his family and his people? He nation. In England, the dependence of the poor The causes are too obvious to require any explaSecond-I have set out lime on my farm in this who has not enough of all these, owes the deficiencountry, on stiff clay and on loams, in considerable quantities. It has been particularly beneficial on the cy to his own want of industry and plain obvious people is upon being employed in manufactures, clay. I had one field which would produce nothing management; and with an abundance of meat, bread, cessarily called into exercise by the activity of an of consequence until I limed it; after which I sowed vegetables, milk and clothing, beer and cider, is it it with rye and grass seeds. Both the grain and not, under Providence, ungrateful to be forever retures of any general extent, and no commerce worgrass were good, and it is now covered with a fine pining, and moping, and complaining about hard thy of notice; and as the agricultural cultivation of rich sward. I have used lime for several years, and of the mass of the people, on the habitable globe, cessarily limited, agriculture can make no demand times! hard times? Where is the nation, we speak one year is the same as that of another, and is nemy confidence in its benefits have not at all been di- that would not, if they could, gladly change for labour corresponding with a perpetual increase Third-I am satisfied that lime is a preventive selves and sing hallelujahs to that kind Providence of the poor are thrown entirely upon themselves, "times" and condition with us, and felicitate them- of population. In Ireland, therefore, three-fourths of smut in wheat, rye, oats and barley, if the seed, which had supplied the means of gratifying every and rise in the morning, and go to their cabins at previous to sowing, is steeped in brine or lime wawant that is essential to wholesome and comfortater, and rolled in fresh slacked lime. And I am ble living? The bane of our happiness consists in night, without having any master, employer, wages, equally satisfied it will destroy the insect, or Hessian confounding luxuries with necessaries; and in keep-can, and the usual mode is, to outbid each other or labour. They have, therefore, to live as they fly, in the young grain, if sown in the morning when there is a heavy dew on the crop. Some years ago have, per fas or per nefas, accumulated the means size of a bowling green, upon which to grow potaing our imaginations forever fixed on those who for some small patch of land, not exceeding the I sowed some spring wheat, and as I had no salt at my farm to make brine, I took stone lime, and slack of pampering their morbid and vicious appetites toes, and for which they pay a price amounting to with every dainty, and their vanity with all kinds of ed it in a tub of water; and when the water was as a rate of eight or ten pounds English an acre, the minished. conmerce, and in the mechanic arts and trades neimmense trade. In Ireland, there are no manufac In this way, warm as I could bear my hand in, I put in the seed, empty show; rather than on the millions in other farmer himself paying his own landlord a guinea skimmed off the light matters which floated, and countries who are literally naked for want of cloth-and a half, or two guincas per acre. continued stirring the grain for half an hour or look oftener at these, we Americans would cease ed out into small potato beds, each bed having its ing, and perishing for want of bread! If we would all the farms in Ireland, or almost all, are distributmore. The grain was then sown; and when it came into its third or fourth leaf, although it looked to outrage Providence with the false cry of-hard family and its cabin. From the drought of the well, I sowed fresh-slacked lime over the field while draw contentment from the contemplation of the present season, all these potatoes have failed, and the dew was upon it. The crop was very good;the poor families are thus at once without food, while all my neighbors, except one, lost almost their wretchedness of any portion of our fellow creatures; without any call for their labour, or any resort to crop. times! To a benevolent mind it must be painful to but reason teaches us that such contemplation does entire crop of spring wheat. This one happened to be passing while I was sowing the lime on my young grain, and at my suggestion, went home and sowed it upon his own also, and, I understand, had a good In the spring of 1823, I had about three acres of of Great Britain-that nation which is said to be the famine, because our poor in all cases can resort to most industrious, skilful and enterprising, and to be winter wheat, a portion of which looked very yellow when the snow went off. I directed this to be governed by the wisest policy ever pursued by pubsown with lime; but on visiting my farm two weeks lick councils; let us read the following items taken the whole field assumed a like yellow appearance. ger,) received at the office of the American Far- Again, in England, as the vast extent of our agriafterwards, I found it had not been done, and that from late English papers (Bell's Weekly Messen- tand, as we have above said, 'here are no poor laws. I had the whole immedialely sown with lime; the mer, and published during the months of July and culture, commerce, and manufactures must always grain immediately improved in appearance, and I August:] had a tolerable crop, though not so good, I think, as poor rates. It is unhappily too evident what their condition here in America, let us turn our regards to the people To form a better estimate of our own condition come forward to assist them. In England, there must be, unless public and private charity should can scarcely exist such a state of things as absolute the poor laws; and, if the price of provisions rise too high for the rate of wages, every parish must come forward and support its own poor. In Ire make a proportionate call for labour, and as the poor will not give their labour except at a price at I should have had if the lime had been sown two (From Bell's Weekly Messenger, of Aug. 28.) least equal to feed them, the rate of wages must weeks earlier. Even in the neighbourhood of London, the work always follow the price of provisions.and when the Mr. Ebenezer Cady, of Duanesburgh, at my sug-houses, as we understand, are filled with young wo- price of corn is either naturally (by scarce seasons,) gestion, adopted my method last spring, of steeping men, hearty and strong, who either refuse to go or artificially (by restrictive laws,) enhanced, the bis seed, rolling it in lime, and sowing fresh-slacked out to service, or, when sent, contrive to be imme-rate of wages must gradually follow. But in Irelime upon his young grain. The experiment was diately dismissed from their places, that they may land, there being always more labour than a market so successful, that his wheat was considered the live in idleness in these houses. Many of them are for it, and more workmen than employers, the best in the county. born there, bred there, and consider it so entirely whole weight of famine and scarcity falls upon the Fifth--I have applied lime successfully upon cu-as their home, as never willingly to leave it. Ought poor; they cannot get one penny more for their cumbers, and other garden vines, to protect them such a system to be tolerated? Is it agreeable to work in a scarce than in a plentiful season. A fafrom the yellow bug, taking care to repeat it as of the Christian precept, that "those who work, should mine in Ireland, therefore, is a famine indeed. If ten as the wind or rain blew or washed off that cat, but if any refuse to work, neither let him eat?" is like a hard frost of many weeks continuance which had been before applied. Half a bushel of Or, "Let every man work, that he may in quietness amongst the birds. The population perish in the lime, mixed with the earth of an ant hill, will effec-eat his own bread." We say at once, that a law fields and dry ditches. It is almost always followed tually destroy a colony of these insects. WILLIAM CHAPMAN. Your friend, Albany, January 6, 1825. ought to be passed, by which parishes ought to be by a typhus fever, of the nature of a pestilence, reinstantaneously enabled to rid themselves of such sulting from an unwholesome and insufficient sustepoor by sending them to the colonies, where proper nance, and continued and extended by its virulence officers should place them in families, and their sup- and contagion. Extract from a letter of an Essex Farmer. [Blackburn Mail. RECORDER'S REPORT. We, therefore, most earnestly trust, that this Bolton. The trade of this town is in a worse him to get his crop of hay off the ground, when he state of suffering amongst the Irish poor, will be condition than when we last addressed the public; might take and sell it: and he stated the amount of attended to in time. It has already commenced its the shops are almost deserted, and to such a state the rate to be 61. 10s. per month, which, supposing ravages, and the future consequences may be fore- of destitution are the poor reduced, through the it to continue for twelve months, would considera seen, unless prevented. It is, therefore, the duty want of a proper supply of sustenance, that several bly exceed the amount he paid for rent. both of the English and Irish governments, to lose persons fainted away during the last week, and not a moment in timely precautions against this some have died, it is supposed, from the same. evil, the evil of an absolute famine, and epidemic cause. These were working people, who, there is pestilence. And let it be remembered (we feel it a no doubt, would have viewed the prospect of emAt a Privy Council, which was holden on Thursduty to repeat it a third time,) that Ireland has no ployment as the greatest blessing that could be beday, the Recorder of London made his report to poor laws, and therefore unless this relief be given, stowed upon them. The depression of the cotton the King of the prisoners lying under sentence of trade is deeply felt here. Goods which, twelve death in Newgate-namely, James Crawford, aged the population must be absolutely starved. years ago, were worth 72s. a piece, are now sold 17; Joseph Baker, 19; Ellen Walker, 37; and Mary for 14s.! The following fact is, perhaps, more strik-Ann Pray, 37, for housebreaking. Henry Smith, 22; Let us suppose, what in good times (I do not ing still: The weaving of a Bolton 60 reed cambric, James Martin, 22; Maria Myers, 57; and George mean high, but remunerating times,) is pretty near- at the former period, cost 26s.; the same work is Leslie, 17, for stealing in a dwelling-house to the ly the fact, that the gross produce of an arable farm now performed for 4s. 6d. The retail tradesmen value of 40s. and upwards. John Fordham, 20; is divided into four equal parts, and that one of are sinking to ruin. Within ten days, five publi- Wm. Clark, 40; Richard Mansfield, 21; and John these goes for tithe rates and taxes; another for la- cans, who, twelve months ago, were doing well, Lawler, 20, for burglary. Patrick Ryan, 14; Thos. bour, including blacksmiths' and wheelwrights' bills; have been sold off under executions for debt. The Abrahams, 22; and James Reid, 20, for highway a third is paid to the landlord for rent; and the re- houses are becoming empty for want of tenants; robbery. Charles Butcher, 27, for sheep stealing. maining fourth belongs to the farmer, as the hire of while several families are huddled together in a William Waller, 20; Thomas Wiskin, 22; and Wm. his capital and the remuneration of his industry and single apartment! [Bolton Chronicle. Toffs, 21, for horse-stealing. And Thomas Miles, skill. We will put the case, that the gross produce 32, for coining. of a particular farm sells for 6001; one-fourth of Paisley.-The following is the substance of the this is 150%-therefore 150l. is what the tenant of weekly Report of the Operative Relief Committee: this farm has to live upon. We will suppose that "We are yet unable to report that there is any imthe price of agricultural produce is reduced one-provement in the situation or prospects of the disthird. Now, therefore, the gross produce of the trict. The number of novel and necessitous cases, A Parliamentary Paper was distributed on Thursfarm in question is reduced to 400l. The farmer's which, after investigation, have been placed on our day, which enables us to institute comparisons befourth, therefore, will be 100%. instead of 150l. The list for relief, during the last week, exceeds the tween the foreign trade of the country during the farmer will, therefore, be a loser by the depression number of those who have obtained employment quarter ending 5th April last, and the corresponding to the amount of a third of his income. In point elsewhere, and been struck off it. The sum of dis- quarter last year. There is a considerable falling of fact, however, he will lose more, as we shall pre- tress is therefore considerably increased, and our off generally, both in the imports and exports, but sently see. The value of the gross produce is by fund is again rapidly drawing to a close. The har- chiefly in the latter. [Other scraps from the same papers.] FOREIGN TRADE. the supposition reduced one-third. If, therefore, vest, which is now becoming general, may in some To begin with the principal manufacture, cotton-the three first shares are reduced one-third each, degree afford occupation; but the great bulk of the the falling off in the import of cotton wool is less the overplus, or share that remains to the farmer, dependants on the committee are unaccustomed to than might have been anticipated, considering the would be reduced one third also, and no more; but the labours of the harvest field, and will continue speculations of the preceding year. In the quarthis is not the case. Labourers' wages will be re to require public aid until our manufactures revive, ter ending 5th April, 1825, the importation was duced, and so must the bills of the blacksmiths and or some new and unforeseen means of employment 39,552,714 pounds in the quarter ending 5th April, wheelwrights. The claim of the tithe owner will is devised for them." [Paisley Adv. 1826, it was 35,550,335 pounds. be reduced in proportion to the depression in the The cotton exports stands thus:value of the titheable commodities; but not so the We understand from the best authority that Lord April 5, 1825. April 5, 1826. government taxes; they will remain stationary, and Abercrombie, who resides on his family estate of yards. yards. consequently constitute a larger poportion of the Tullibody, in Clackmannanshire, has, for a consi- White or plain cottons, 39,211,384 29,433,928 reduced, than they had done of the original, value derable time back, employed 100 men daily, who, Printed, stained, or dyed do. 44,960,851 36,496,226 of the gross produce. through the circumstances of the times, have been Fustians, velvets, &c. 1,758,315 1,806,110 1.224,501 L.182,856 4,591,047 6,029,915 505,786 6,701,765 It thus appears, that while there has been a great falling off in wrought cottons, the quantity of twist last year. The quantity of cotton wool exported is and yarn exported was considerably greater than necessarily greater, for last year we were importing As, therefore, one of the slares will be greater thrown out of their regular employment, in working Hosiery, and small wares, STATE OF TRADE. cotton from every country. 8,779,269 yards. There is a considerable increase in the quantity of sugar imported and exported. There is a falling off in the European timber imported, and an in crease in the British American timber. Carlisle, Saturday, July 29. On Friday, about half past 12 o'clock, the Earl of Liverpool received a Deputation of Manufacturers from Birmingham, composed of the following gentlemen: Charl's Jones, Esq., Benjamin Hadley, Esq. Blackburn.-We hasten to correct an erroneous and T. C. Salt, Esq., whose object was to present impression which we find has arisen in the minds of to his Majesy's Government a memorial of the ex-persons not resident in this town, with respect to There was only a poor show of lean cattle in our tremely depressed state of trade in that town, and our poor's rate, which we stated a fortnight ago to market on the Sands, this morning, and a very lanpraying that some measure may be devised for its be 2s. in the pound. This, it should be understood, guid demand; scarcely a bargain was effected, eximmediate and effectual relief. The Chancellor of is for a quarter, being after the rate of 8s. in the cept in milch cows and back-end calvers, which the Exchequer and Mr. Secretary Peel accompa- pound for the year. With respect to the distressed sold at from eight to 13 guineas; prime ones 14 nied the noble Earl, which occupied the attention condition of Darwen, which, twelve months ago, guineas. At the fortnightly fat market on Thursof the Ministers about three quarters of an hour. was making most rapid strides in prosperity, a fact day, beef sold at 6s. to 6s. 3d. per stone of 14 lbs.; has lately come to our knowledge, that conveys a mutton, 5s. 9d. to 6s.; lamb, 4s. 8d. to 5s. 4d.; veal, The accounts from the manufacturing districts much stronger idea of the extent of such distress 5s. 6d. to 6s. Supply short, and sale lively. We show as yet no mitigation of distress. Information than any yet related. A week or two since, a far- are now in the very heart of harvest, fully a month has been received by government, founded on pretty mer residing in the township was summoned by the before the ordinary time. I have already spoken of accurate data, that in Lancashire alone there are at overseer for non-payment of the poor's rate. The the crops; about average produce of wheat. Barthis moment near 300,000 human creatures who farmer stated himself to be at that time totally un-ley and oats exceedingly thin, and of the lightest are absolutely without employment. [Times. able to pay it, but requested the overseer to allow quality. Reapers' wages 128. a-week, with meat |