HORTICULTURE.

LARGE TREES.

phy of Natural History; which was growing at cucumbers, sea-serpents, &c. &c., but we think we Cowthorpe, near Wetherby; upon the estate be- can out pumpkin all of them." Rather an unfortulonging to the Right Hon. Lady Stourton. "The nate phrase for an Editor; a "pumpkin-headed perdimensions are almost incredible. Within three feet son" being an epithet not in much odour. Chardin, the traveller, tells us that in the King's of the surface it measured sixteen yards, and close by A gentleman in New London, near Lynchburg, Garden at Shiras, (in Persia) "he observed a tree the ground, twenty-six yards. Its height in its pre- has raised a tomato 2 feet and 3 inches in circumwhose trunk was eight yards in circumference.-sent ruinous state, (1776) is about eighty-five feet, ference.

From the great age of this tree, it was treated with and its principal limb extends sixteen yards from the A radish was raised in the lower end of Botepeculiar veneration by the inhabitants: they pray boll." "When compared to this, (says Dr. Hunter) tourt county, measuring 36 inches in circumference under its shade, and hang chaplets, and pieces of all other trees are but children of the forest." -another in the same neighbourhood, 324 inches. their cloths upon its boughs. The sick, or their The following account of the celebrated horse "These are the largest (says the Fincastle Editor) friends, resort here, to burn incense, to fix lighted Chesnut of Mount Etna, is from Brydone's Travels: that we have ever heard of." candles to the trunk, and to perform other super-"leaving the Catania road on the left, they began A Raleigh Editor is unable to match it. He stitious ceremonies, in the hopes of their health: to ascend the mountain, in order to visit the cele-states that a Mr. Daniel J. Miller has raised one Throughout Persia, are many other trees thus su-brated tree, known the name of the Chesnut Tree of weighing 15 lbs., and measuring 36 inches in perstitiously reverenced by the people." an hundred Horse, which for some centuries has length, and 21 in circumference. "Beat it" (says "The Charter Oak," in Connecticut. "From the been regarded as one of the greatest wonders of the Raleigh Editor) "if you can." best information that we can obtain," says a Hart- Etna. Of the fruit furnished at a late public dinner in ford paper, "this tree is no less than four hundred "At the end of the first region, the ascent be- Roxbury, Mass. were apples, which were over 15 years old: it is twenty-eight feet in circumference came more rapid, till they arrived at the beginning inches in circumference, and weighed from 20 to near the ground, and at the height of seven feet, it of the second region of Etna, called La Regione 23 ounces each. A gentleman has filled a barrel is 17 feet in circumference; the height of the tree Sylvana, by the natives, because it is composed of with 110 apples gathered from a tree in Newtown. as near as can be ascertained, is about 70 feet; one vast forest that extends all round the mountain. These mammoth apples have been more common some of its branches extend nearly 20 feet." [The woody region of Etna ascends for about than usual, during the present season. They are In May, 1826, there was an Elm blown down in eight or nine miles, and forms a zone, or girdle, of called the king pippins. We invite our confecWells, (Maine) which "measured twenty-seven feet the brightest verdure, all round the mountain."]tioners to send for some apples of this description. and four inches in circumference, making the diame- The same author. They will certainly reward them handsomely for ter something over nine feet; and was forty feet from "Near this place, they passed through some beau- their trouble. the foot to a crotch; from thence it was 20 feet to tiful woods of cork and evergreen oak, growing out Mr. L. S. D'Lyon has presented to the office of the first limb running to the height of sixty feet of the lava; and proceeding about five miles farther, the Savannah Republican two ears of Indian corn, from the bottom before it had any limb, when it ex- they came to the chesnut tree already mentioned, the production of a single stalk, containing 1140 panded to an immense size. The exact height of which, in the old maps of Sicily, always makes a grains on one ear, and 10-20 on the other. "There the tree could not be accurately obtained, as the conspicuous figure. Mr. Brydone says he was rather are 14 acres which it is believed will average the top was much broken, but was computed to be up-disappointed, as it appeared rather a cluster of five same ratio." wards of one hundred feet." trees growing together, than a single root; however, A Mr. James Rainey near the town of Milton, "An elm tree standing near the house of Captain he was assured that they were all once united in N. C., has deposited at its Post Office, a corn stalk, Joshua Avery, in Stratham, (Mass.) and reared the same stem, and that in the days of old, it was with seven well filled ears of sound corn. He has since his recollection; at four feet from the ground, regarded as the beauty of the forest, and visited accompanied it with the following pleasant note:— measures eighteen feet in circumference and one hun from all quarters. It measured no less than two hunSeptember 12, 1826. dred feet from the extremity of the branches on the dred and four feet in circumference; and if, as it is Mr. Campbell-I herewith send you a stalk of one side, to the extremity of them on the other. It pretended, it was formerly one trunk, it must, in- corn, which grew in my field on Hyco this season, was planted 80 years ago; and to use Captain Avé-deed, have been a wonderful phenomenon, in the with seven ears on it-If the ears are not rank and ry's expression, was then 'smaller than his thumb."" vegetable kingdom. There are many other trees in good like those seven ears on the stalk seen by PhaMr. Nelson, the botanist, who accompanied Cap- this vicinity, of extraordinary magnitude. Our au- roah in his dream, they are, as you may see good, tain Bligh to the South Sea, for the purpose of con- thor measured one which rose in a solid trunk to a sound, well filled grain. The length of the seven veying the Bread-Fruit Tree to the West Indies, considerable height, that was not less than seven-ears, taken together, make three feet and five when on Van Dieman's Land, "found a tree in a ty-six feet in circumference at two feet from the inches. Though we do not with Pharoah's Inthriving state, of the enormous size of thirty-three ground." terpreter, consider this as a sign for seven years of

feet and a half in girth, and at a proportionable The Lexington (Ky.) Public Advertiser says, that plenty in our land, we certainly see in this prolific height." "there now stands on the bank of the Ohio river, in stalk, a striking contrast with what we hear of the In Cook's first voyage, Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. the state of Indiana, opposite the mouth of Salt ri- crops of corn a few counties below us, where we Solander, (I think it was in New Zealand) measured ver, a Sycamore tree, which has stabled fourteen are told there are many large fields not having in a tree that was "ninety-eight feet high from the ground head of horses at one time, with ample room. It the proportion of one ear of any description to an to the first branch, quite straight, nineteen feel in cir- takes 75 long paces to go round its trunk, and you hundred stalks. JAMES RAINEY. cumference, and they found still larger trees as they may, with perfect ease turn a fourteen foot pole in Still the Charlottesville cucumber eclipses all the other vegetable curiosities of the season. One of On Mr. Cook's third voyage, they saw Indian In Lewis and Clark's Expedition, they saw pine them seems sufficient to feast a company of soldiers. canoes on the north west coast of America: "the trees, at the mouth of Columbia river, of twelve We should like to see its seed scattered. largest of which carry 20 persons or more, and are feet diameter and two hundred feet high. formed of one tree. Many of them are forty feet long, seven broad, and about three deep."

advanced into the wood."

the inside of its cavity "

The above trees have all grown within the temperate zones, and with the exception of that in Great Britain, between the latitudes of 30 and 42°.

We are told in the narrative of Gov. Phillip, in bis voyage to Botany Bay, that on Norfolk Island, "the pines arrive at a magnitude unusual in any other part of the world: some of them are one hunLARGE VEGETABLES. dred and sixty, or even one hundred and eighty feet in From many of the floating paragraphs in the height, and nine or ten feet in diameter at the bottom newspapers, (says the Richmond Compiler) it would of the trunk. They frequently rise to eighty feet appear that the present has been a remarkable season for vegetable curiosities and growths.

without a branch."

RURAL ECONOMY.

OBSERVATIONS ON BRICKMAKING, Extracted from a Compendium of Modern Hasbandry, by James Malcolm, of London-2d edition. Large quantities of bricks are annually made in different parts of the county of Surrey, and particularly near the metropolis. The manufacture has The Elm in Hatfield, (Mass.) is said to be the A Mr. John Griggs, of Jefferson county, in this of late years become an object of revenue, and as largest tree in New England. "It measures in cir- state, has raised upwards of 40 bushels of potatoes, such entitled to some consideration; the manufaccumference thirty-four feet at two feet from the a purple colour, from the planting of three pecks: ture is besides of the utmost importance to the comground; at the height of five feet the smallest place most of them had grown to the length of 7 or 8 munity, inasmuch as the value and comfort of our in the trunk, the circumference is twenty-four feet inches, and 6 or 7 in circumference; one measured dwellings must depend in a great measure on the six inches. There is a cut in the tree four feet 13 inches long and weighed 2 lbs. quality of the materials with which they are confrom the ground, which tradition says, was made Mr. Caleb Davis of Clarksburg has raised in his structed, and bricks form no inconsiderable part of by the Indians, for the highest rise of Connecticut garden three pumpkins; one weighing 136 lbs., and During the years 1821, '22 and '23 (on an average,) river." 6 feet 4 inches in circumference: the second 118 one billion and twenty millions were made annually. The largest tree in Great Britain, that I have ever lbs., and the third 100. "We have repeatedly † The duty paid to government is 5s. sterling, or read of, is the one cited by Smellie, in his Philoso- heard (says the recording Editor) of large squashes,' about one dollar and eleven cents per thousand.

Have twined their influence round his heart,
Felt not that woman can impart

By smile, or glance, or smothered sigh,
A world of bliss and constancy.
Priestess of Love! how oft thou'rt left to mourn
Man's perfidy-forsaken and forlorn.
There is a vigil in the sky
That marks the villain's perjury;
How can he hope to be forgiven
Who breaks on earth his vow to Heaven?
He wedded in this world may be,
But hell like his inconstancy,

them; I say it is material, because if the bricks with tained on the sides and ends of houses for several
which houses are now almost uniformly built, are in years without but little defect, and in some cases
quality defective, and if the timber be of a similar will not rub off more than paint. There are va-
description, we ought not to place much dependence rious modes of preparing this white wash, although
on the solidity of the edifice.
all is made from oyster shells fresh burnt, and be-
Bricks ought to be made of well tempered clay, fore slaked, some apply boiling water to the shells
and one brick made of such takes up nearly as and salt,-others cold water, alum, &c. If you are
much earth as a brick and a quarter made in the in possession of information which would enable me
common way; the latter of which are light, full of to fix upon a plan to make this white-wash to stand
cracks and lumps, and springy, owing to the want and not peal off I shall feel myself much indebted
of due working and management. The operation to impart it; together with any hint which you may
of treading and tempering ought to be performed be pleased to drop as to the properties of the first
more than doubly what is usual, because the good-mentioned article, gas oil, be pleased to excuse the Will
ness of the bricks (next to being properly burnt,) liberty I have taken, and to be assured if an oppor-And
in some measure depend upon the well performance tunity should occur it will afford me pleasure to
of its first operation, and as I think I have before reciprocate your favour. Respectfully yours, &c.
shown that it is impossible that a house can be dry
THOMAS BROWN.
if the bricks that are used are insufficiently burnt-
such as the salmon bricks which I have before de
scribed: therefore, a person about to construct a
house, will do well to consider whether it will not
be more advantageous to him in the end to make
use of no other than the best hard, sound bricks,
[Ladies who take pleasure in the study of floricul-
be their cost what it will; such bricks are easily ture will do well to bear in mind the following ex-
known by their sound. It will also be found that planation of the botanical terms which are used to
besides the comfort and firmness of the building, describe the component parts of a flower, viz:]
they will be cheaper than salmon ones, when the 1. The peduncle, is the foot-stalk of a flower,
expense of buttering the walls is taken into the proceeding from the main stem, and supporting the
calculation; and the latter kind cannot fail of pro- corolla, as in the auricula, polyanthus, &c.
ducing an almost perpetual moisture, and make a 2. The calyx, or flower cup, the part which Till
house damp and unhealthy at nearly all seasons.* guards and supports the corolla, as in the carnation,
I shall conclude my observations on this subject by pink, &c.

LADIES' DEPARTMENT.

FLOWERS.

echoing yell the oath that fires his breath, brand it in the registry of death. Pleasure's a poor and gaudy toy, A forgery on solid joy,

A gilded chain that drags the slave
Helpless and childless to the
grave.
The haunted Libertine who lies
Without one hand to close his eyes,
Sighs to the passing breeze his dying groan
Companionless, unwedded and alone.

Man has a wandering heart—his soul
Spurns fetters, slavery, and control:
To-day he climbs the snow-clad steep,
To-morrow ploughs the foamy deep:
And now he roams by mountain side,
Without a friend, without a guide-
woman bids his wayward steps to cease,
And turns his Arab thoughts to home and peace.
Woman! companion of my life,

remarking, that I do not think it worth my while to s The corolla, the flower or blossom, properly
waste time in refuting the sophistical and absurd so called, consisting of one or more petals. When
reasoning of brick makers in general, in defence of this is entire, it is called monopetalous, or a corolla
the ordinary kind, and which they make use of of one petal, as in the auricula and polyanthus; but
merely to effect sales of an article which, if persons when it is divided quite to the base, into two or more
(who are building,) would study either their health parts, each part is called a petal; thus the tulip is I
or interest, they would hardly receive as a gift; in said to have six petals; in double flowers they are And
⚫ deed I have often thought that government ought extremely numerous, and the corolla of such may
to interfere and prohibit the use of them entirely be termed polypetalous.
This would compel the makers either to be more
careful when baking them, or place them a second
time in the furnace.

[We cannot better meet the views of the writer of the following than by the publication of his letter which is clear and explicit. We shall be much obliged by any gentleman who will communicate his knowledge on the points in question, as also, for hints on the structure of ice-houses.] DEAR SIR,

Wieco Church, Va., October 20, 1826. Not knowing who to call on, that I could so like ly procure the information required from, as yourself, I will take the liberty to solicit from you some information as to the advantages, if any, which gas oil has, when applied to the roofs of houses, over

tar.

The covering of our houses in this section of country, generally, is chesnut shingles; and it has been found that tar only, if without oil, is rather an injury than a benefit by causing the shingle to curl up, and, so far from penetrating into the shingle, it shortly washes off, and to mix oil sufficient with the tar to cause it to penetrate the covering, would render it too high.

I have been informed that a shingle dipped in gas oil will not blaze if thrown into the fire,-if this be true, it renders it valuable. I should be glad to know the cost of it per barrel, and your opinion of the advantages or disadvantages when applied to the roof of houses. I have found also in this section that there are more of the houses white-washed than painted; in some cases this wash will be re

4. The petal, or single floral leaf.

5. The unguis, or lower, long, narrow part of a petal, called the base or claw.

6. The lumina, or upper, broad, spreading part of a petal, called the plate.

7 The limb, border, or upper broad spreading part of a monopetalous corolla.

8. The tube, or lower, narrow, tubular part of the same.

9. The stamen, stamens, or stamina, if more than
one, consists of two parts, viz: the filament, and the
anther, or summit, which it supports.

10. The anther, contains the pollen, or farina.
11. The pericarpium, or seed-vessel.
12. Radix, the root.

WOMAN.

[Florists Directory.

"Daughter of God and Man."--MILTON.
(From the Charleston City Gazette.)
There is a language of the heart
That mocks all learning's studied art,
There is an utterance of the soul
That laughs at scholarship's control,
Breathes forth in verse a living thought,
Woman's the theme; and who would e'er require
With feeling, love, and nature fraught;
One borrowed string to animate his lyre?

There is a witchery that lies
Within the sunshine of her eyes,
More potent than the magic spell
Of talisman, or fairy dell,

Who has not felt her very name
Inspire his heart and thrill his frame!
who has loved nor felt the ecstacy.

*It is now pretty well ascertained, and almost gene-Idolatry! the frowning world may cry. rally believed by gentlemen of science, that the dry But rot in houses, is occasioned by the moisture that is absorbed by the walls in damp weather, and gradually! O who has ever in that hour aporated in dry. When woman's love and woman's power

Less loved when maiden than when wife; How fondly do I sing to thee, Of wedded love and constancy! Dear mother of my child, I trace Thy emblem in her artless faceclasp the lisping babe, receive a kiss, feel a father's love, a father's bliss. 'Tis woman's voice, in accents low, That hushes first the infant's wo; 'Tis woman's fond, maternal arms, That shields her boy from vain alarmsUprears him in a world of cares,

And saves him from its countless snares.
Nurse of mankind! I fondly view in thee,
The watchful guardian of our infancy.

Now would I woman's friendship sing-
O, 'tis a pure undying thing!
The dew that gems the blossom'd thorn
Shines brightest in the sunny morn;
But faithful woman can bestow
A light to gild the night of wo!
Her love, like moonbeam on a stormy sea,
Sheds o'er our cares its own serenity.

I've found the world a faithless thing-
Man's friendship weak and perishing,
Man's friendship! 'Tis the ocean's spray-
The froth that rude winds sweep away!
You ask where constancy can rest?
Go, find it in a woman's breast!

I would not give one fair, lov'd friend, I boast,
For all the wealth of India's golden coast!

When pale disease, with all her train,
Fevers the blood and fires the brain,
'Tis woman's sympathetic art
Quells the wild throbbings of the heart;
The mortal pang, the burning sigh,

In nature's latest agony!

O, fair physician! thou art ever near,
With oil and wine the drooping frame to cheer.

I ask not, on the bed of death,

Proud man to watch my fleeting breath:
Let woman's prayer embalm the hour,
For O, it has a soothing power,
To calm the awful struggle here,
To brighten hope and banish fear-
To raise new prospects of a land on high,
Where death is swallowed up in victory.

SPORTING OLIO.

WASHINGTON RACES.

The fall races over the Washington course com

tered. Four mile heats, for a purse of $300.

are both first rate racers.

taken by the former by a neck; Fairfax trailing in year's exports. Contrasting the exports of the years
under a hard pull. Time, 4 min. 6 seconds. 1825 and 1826, we find the difference in favour of
The second heat was taken by Fairfax, with ease the latter year, fifty-two thousand eight hundred and
-Eliza White second and Sally Hope near at hand. eighty-three bales of Cotton, four thousand two hun-
Time 4 min. 1 second.
dred and twenty tierces of Rice, and one hundred
The third heat (Sally Hope being withdrawn,) and fifty-six hogsheads of Tobacco.
was a fine trial of speed between Eliza White and
Fairfax, they passing and repassing each other al-
ternately, but was gained by the former by a length.
Time 4 minutes 8 seconds.

The fourth heat and the race was taken by Eliza

RECIPES.

PERMANENT INK FOR MARKING LINEN.

menced on the 25th inst. Only two horses were en-White, who took the lead, Fairfax coming in about Take of lunar caustic (now called argentum nia length behind. In this heat both horses were tratum,) one drachm; weak solution, or tincture of The first heat was won, in handsome style, by much distressed by the mire and slippery state of galls, two drachms. The cloth must be first wetted Mr Stevens' mare Janet, of New York; and at the the track; both, however, proving game to the last. with the following liquid, viz. salt of tartar, one second heat her opponent, Mr. Elliot's fine mare, Time, 4 min. 16 seconds. Few races were better ounce; water, one ounce and a half, and must be Eliza White, of Virginia, was withdrawn. They calculated to test the toughness of the race horse, perfectly dry before any attempt is made to write from the continued rain during the race, the heavi- upon it. Second Day.-The race of yesterday was highly ness of the course, and the number of heats. interesting. Four horses started for the purse; some of them were known to fame, and on one or the other of these, the majority of the betters made their calculations of success; but great was the disappointment. Sally Hope, whose name was unknown to the turf, withal too modest to inspire confidence or fear, offered herself amongst the competitors for the prize.

MISCELLANEOUS.

DISCOVERY OF THE JESUITS' BARK.

FOR SULPHURING WOOL, SILKS, STRAW BONNETS, &c. Put into a chaffing dish some lighted charcoal; put this chaffing dish into a small close room, without a chimney, or into a closet or large box; then pound an ounce or two of brimstone, and strew it on bleached, make your door fast, and let them hang the hot coals. Hang up the article you would have three hours or all night, if you have time. This is

An Indian in a delirious fever having been left by his companions by the side of a river as incurable, in order to quench his thirst he drank plentifully of At the word "go," she took the lead, and was the water of the river, which having long imbibed what is called dry bleaching woollens: all fine copermitted to keep it throughout, without being the virtues of the bark that floated on the stream, it viously to their being dyed. Straw bonnets are likeloured woollens should be sulphured in this way prepressed, her calculating adversaries moderately quickly dispersed the fever of the Indian. He re-wise bleached in the same manner. training in her rear, supposing the first heat would turned perfectly cured to his friends, and having exhaust her wind, and leave the victory to him who mentioned the manner in which he was cured, the METHOD OF TAKING OUT THE SPOTS OF PAINT, OR should show most speed and bottom in the follow-afflicted flocked in crowds to the holy stream. The OTHER SOLID SUBSTANCES, FROM CLOTH, SILKS, ing heats. more intelligent of the tribe, however, discovered &c.

At the tap of the drum, all four came up fresh to the reason of the medical virtue of the water. In the second heat. Miss Hope again took the lead; 1640, the lady of the Viceroy of Peru was reco on a coat, a pen should be dipped in spirit of turSupposing a small quantity of paint had dropped she kept it the first round-every eye was directed vered from a dangerous fever by its use. In 1640, pentine, and its contents should be dropped on the to her competitors, confident that some one of Cardinal de Luga and other Jesuits, spread the re-paint spot, in a quantity sufficient to discharge the them would make an effort to wrest the heat from putation of this medicine through Spain, Italy and so obscure a rival, and maintain their well-earned Rome, and hence it obtained its name. reputation. At this moment the gallant, or rather ungallant, young Fairfax, sprang forward and passed her. He kept the lead half a mile, when his fleet adversary shot ahead of him, and took the second heat also, to the surprise of every body and the dismay of the too knowing ones. The following is the order of the two heats:

1

1

2 3

3 2
4 dist.

Mr. Garrison's s. f. Sally Hope, .
Mr. Potter's s. c Fairfax,
Mr. Badger's b. c. Trumpeter,
Col. Sewell's b. c. Sir Humphrey,
Time of second heat, 3 minutes 52 seconds. The
weather was very fine and the course in good order.
Third Day-Five horses were entered; the purse
$200. The following is the result:

Eliza White, by Sir Archy, . . . 1 1
Southern Eclipse, by Northampton, 2 dist.
Atalanta, by Chance,
3 2
Oscar,
4 dist.
Hickory,
5 dist.

SILK.

[Masonic Mirror.

An elderly farmer from Connecticut told us the other day, that he had about five hundred mulberry trees then growing on his own farm--that he fed one hundred thousand worms, which produced about fifty pounds of silk annually. The whole business, of feeding the worms, &c., is performed by his daughters. But very little labour is required, and he thinks that in the course of a few years,after his trees come to maturity,-he shall, by increasing the number of his worms in proportion to EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE. the quantity of feed supplied, produce yearly about three hundred pounds of the raw material.. Thus giving his girls an opportunity of adding to the common stock of domestic comfort, and of providing a livelihood for themselves. We wish him success; I can procure the large strawberries for you, and and the heart of every friend to the increasing pros- have given directions to my uncle's gardener to that perity of our domestic manufactures, will throb a effect. I have known them 44 to 5 inches circumgenerous response. [Ib. ference. I thank you for the squash seed, and shall take especial care of them.

SILK, STRAWBERRIES, &c.

Extract to the Editor-Eastville, 6th Oct. 1826.

A few of my neighbouring friends are determined to set about raising silk worms, and if you can

The public were surprised, from the known speed and bottom of Southern Eclipse, to find him distanced this day, the second beat; but we learn he was out of order, and that the rider was directed to lay back the second heat, under an idea that Atalanta would run for the heat-and the boy did so, By the table of exports, it appears that for the furnish us with some of the eggs it will be a great but out of distance, which Atalanta only saved and year ending the 30th September last, there were favour. Very luxuriant white and black mulberry Eclipse lost by a length. shipped from the port of Savannah, one hundred and trees are to be found abundantly throughout the

EXPORTS OF SAVANNAH.

Fourth Day.-The sweepstakes of Saturday pro- eighty four thousand, two hundred thirty eight bales two counties; so that what appears to be the chief duced a protracted and interesting contest between of Upland Cotton, and six thousand three hundred difficulty is, with us, already surmounted. We also the three fine horses that started. These were and forty bales of Sea Island-making one hundred need the necessary instructions for their manageEliza White and Sally Hope, (the winners of the and ninety thousand five hundred and seventy-eight ment. I understand that where it is carried on expreceding days,) and Fairfax. Four heats (of two bales. Also, eleven thousand four hundred and fifty- tensively, worms are provided with shelves and miles each,) were run before the victory was decid-five tierces of Rice, and one hundred and seventy hhds. other fixtures, for their accommodation. A plate ed, and furnished unusual gratification to the lovers of Tobacco. The whole valued, at the present de- representing this would be highly satisfactory, and of the turf, notwithstanding the very unfavourable pressed prices, will amount to six millions eight hun- would be a valuable article for the "Farmer." Surestate of the weather, and consequent heaviness of dred thousand dollars. To this may be added Lum-ly essays on the subject are to be found among some the course. ber and other valuable articles exported, an esti- of the French and Italian works, which could be The first heat was a very handsomely contested mate of which we have not been able to procure, dressed up for the purpose. one between Sally Hope and Eliza White, and was that would greatly increase the amount of the' Respectfully, &c.

F. H. SMITH.

Extract to the Editor-dated Monticello, Georgia, 12th October, 1826.

PRICES CURRENT.

ARTICLES.

WHOLESALE. RETAIL.

per-from to from to

BEEF, Baltimore Prime, bbl. 8 00

on the culture of the mulberry, the rearing of the silk worm, and the manufacture of silk. To any We should be profited in this part of the country and feeling sufficient concern on the subject to gentleman qualified to search them with that view, by a description of the most common and useful make translations for the public benefit, we shall be ice-house, such as would most certainly secure ice happy to loan them for that object. BACON, and Hams,. in this climate. Your ideas, or those of some expe"AMERICAN ECLIPSE."--An opportunity is BEES-WAX, Am. yellow rienced person upon that subject, would be thankCOFFEE, Java, now offered to the breeders of fine horses to procure fully received. Since the decline in the price of cotton, the citi-has arrived here from the north at the earnest solithe stock of this very justly celebrated horse. He zens here are entering largely into the spirit of citation of some few amateurs of the turf, and will breeding horses; so much so, that I am confident remain, for two months only, at the stable of Martin some good blooded stallions would sell well, and be Potter, three miles from town, on the Philadelphia profitable here; we should be pleased to get some road. Persons intending to avail themselves of the such horses amongst us. services of this horse must make immediate applica- Dipt, tion as the number of mares is limited to twenty, and CHEESE, already upwards of half that number are engaged. FEATHERS, Live,. Apply at the office of the American Farmer.

Havana,.
COTTON, Louisiana, &c.
COTTON YARN, No. 10,
Georgia Upland,.

An advance of 1 cent
each number to No. 18.

CANDLES, Mould,

FISH, Herrings, Sus.
Shad, trimmed,
FLAXSEED,.

lb.

6 10

1113

33

13

14

16 18

11

12

14

8

10

30 32

12 15 37

FLOUR, Superfine, city, bbl. 500 5 12 5 256 25
Fine,

4 75

Crops of cotton and grain have been very much
injured by the dry weather in Georgia, and it is be-
lieved that great economy must be used by our citi-
zens to prevent distress from the scarcity of grain.
They are seeding large wheat crops to make up the
deficiency in the corn crops. The white flint wheat The sports of the turf were, perhaps, never
which you forwarded me last year, was somewhat encouraged with more animation in Virginia than
injured by the fly, and it was sown too late to at this time. For the spring races at Richmond,
make a good crop in this climate. I have just seeded six horses are already entered. On the superiority GUNPOWDER, Balti.. 25 lb 5 00
about forty acres with that kind of wheat, and if of each of these, the owners confide so fully, as to GRAIN, Ind. corn, yellow bush
does well I will give you the result.
have thrown, every one, into a common purse, the
sum of $500, making, besides the regular purse, the
sum of $3000-and it may be, that before the day
arrives, as many more will be entered.

Yours, very respectfully,

REUBEN C. SHORTER.

THE FARMER.

BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1826.

it

The Hon. S. VAN RENNSELLAER, the chairman of the agricultural_committee-the rare man who, with an immense fortune, is devoid alike of avarice and ostentation; has consented to serve again in Congress, if elected. But in such a case, The Trustees of the Maryland Agricultural there can be no if? he will be elected by acclamaSociety are reminded that their next session is aption! pointed for Thursday next, at Lexington, the residence of D. Williamson, jr.

The agricultural publick have been respectfully Moore, who took at the last Maryland cattle show, LEAD, Pig AN EXTENSIVE NURSERY.-Messrs. Sinclair & HOPS, Ist sort, (1826) HOGS' LARD,. invited to consider the scheme of premiums pub- the premium offered for the best cultivated orchard, lished some weeks past in the American Farmer, to have informed us that they have laid the foundation LEATHER, Soal, best, make through the Corresponding Secretary sugges- for an extensive nursery, as "a useful branch of MOLASSES, sugar-house gal. tions as to any modification of that scheme, which their agricultural repository." They inform us, that Havana, 1st qual. may be thought expedient-as it it is yet to be act-since the establishment of our seed store, we have NAILS, 6a20d. ed upon by the Board. As not a single hint has been given, it is hoped that we shall have no fault-been constantly applied to for fruit trees also. In NAVAL STORES, Tar, bbl. 1 501 624 Pitch,. finding about the appropriation of the Society's consequence, last spring was a year we commenced Turpentine, Soft, funds. The Trustees can have nothing in view but a Nursery at our seed garden and vineyard; and OIL, Whale, common,. last season we were offered the Harlem Nursery, the good of the cause. Spermaceti, winter' owned by Joseph Townsend and others, which we PORK, Baltimore Mess, purchased, and which at once put us in possession By Captain Macy, a personal acquaintance of a prime collection of fruit trees, ready grafted PLASTER, cargo price, and friend of General LAFAYETTE, who will sail from and budded, and stocks to graft on, from which, if ground, New York for France on the 5th of December, the we have a tolerable season, we may expect about RICE, fresh, Editor of the American Farmer intends sending 5000 trees ready to deliver this fall, and ten thousand SOAP, Baltimore White, lb. wild turkies, American rabbits and partridges, South Brown and yellow, more grafted, and growing this spring, among which American Powees, (brought and presented by Mr. are apple, peach, pear, apricot, plum, and cherry PEACH BRANDY, 4th pr WHISKEY, 1st proof, gal. Keener, of Baltimore,) and other articles indige trees; so that we expect, from present appearances, APPLE BRANDY, 1st pr nous to our country. He wishes to add the varie-soon to have a very extensive nursery of fruit trees, ties of Indian corn-that is, ears of that grain re- and worthy of the public patronage; and as we have markable for colour, texture and size whether large during the last twenty years been taking pains to or small. The same attempt was made last year, collect the best of fruit from New York, New Jerbut so late that the collection was too small to be sey, Pennsylvania, Richard Cromwell, &c., many of sent. As the season is now at hand for husking, if which have long since been in full bearing, we have the papers will copy this paragraph, it is probable the opportunity of grafting and budding from bearthat specimers of a single ear or two, of twenty ing trees, thereby avoiding mistakes-and having a varieties of corn, might be selected within the time professed hand at the business, we have no doubt but we shall give general satisfaction."

SUGARS, Havana White, c.lb. 12 50 13 50 14
do. Brown,
Louisiana,
Loaf,

SPICES, Cloves,

Ginger, Ground, .
Pepper,.
SALT, St. Ubes,
Liverpool ground

SHOT, Balt. all sizes,
WINES, Madeira, L. P.
do. Sicily,.
Lisbon,
Claret,

lb.

111

10 75 9 25 10 00 10 11 19 22 20 22

70

1 00

bush

clb. 8 50

12

gal.

2 50 3 00 3 50 4

1 10 1 151 50 200 175

1 05 1 10 1 50

doz. 4 8

The Editor of the American Farmer requests to be supplied with some eggs of the silk worm for CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. distribution amongst some friends, who propose to make experiments to demonstrate the practicability from Sinclair's Code of Agriculture-Essay on HomeThe Art of Breeding, letter by J. H. Powel, with note of the profit to be derived from the employment of Markets for Agricultural productions and Raw Mate- WOOL, Merino, full bl❜d lb. labour and capital in that branch of industry.

rials, continued-Worcester Cattle Show-Providence N. B. He has an extensive collection of Italian Cattle Show-Caution to Farmers-New and Valuable works on agriculture, collected in Italy, and present-making-Inquiry respecting Gas Oil and Ice houses Grass-Large Trees, and Large Vegetables-On Brick ed to him by the gallant COMMODORE JACOB JONES, Terms used in Horticulture-Poetry, Woman-Washon his return from his command of our squadron ington Races-Discovery of Jesuits' Bark-Silk-Exn the Mediterranean. It is probable these volumes ports of Savannah-Recipes-Editorial Corresponcontain valuable hints, perhaps ample instructions, dence-Editorial,

5 00 8 00

1 65 1 85 2 50'

Printed every Friday, at $5 per annum, for JOHN S.
SKINNER, Editor, by JOHN D. Tox, corner of St.
Paul and Market streets, where every description of
Book and Job Printing is handsomely executed.

No. 34.-VOL 8.

AMERICAN FARMER-BALTIMORE, NOVEMBER 10, 1826.

AGRICULTURE.

265 tained without difficulty or prejudice to any other ton, it would have afforded some relief to the farbranch of business. They would, like all other ap-mer, who would have furnished the wool and proviprentices, the most of them be unlearned, it is ad- sions required for their manufacture, and placed HOME MARKETS-AGRICULTURAL PRO-mitted. We did not feel the loss of the hands, nor them nearer on a level with their brethren the DUCTIONS AND RAW MATERIALS.

(Continued from p. 260.)

of the capital, which was drawn into the cotton cotton-growers. But, withdrawing the shield of (From the Memoirs of the Board of Agriculture of the manufactories. Hands, employed as manufacturers, government in those double duties, and thereby State of New York.) are not of the description of labourers deemed most placing our new beginners in competition with the A Memoir on the expediency and practicability of profitable at out-door work. Seven tenths of the larger capitals and better learned artizans of Engimproving or creating Home Markets for the sale bands employed in our cotton mills, would have land, they were broken down. For want of such of Agricultural Productions and Raw Materials earned little or nothing, but at some such employ-protection, as shall inspire full confidence in the by the introduction or growth of Artizans and Ma- ment. It may be furthermore remarked, that at the manufacture of woollen cloths, another defeat of nufacturers-by GEORGE TIBBITS, of Rensselaer commencement of manufactures in most countries, the wool-growing business may be apprehended. county.. there is a seeming want of hands; but if manufac-England having the artizans for converting foreign Read before the Board of Agriculture of theories had not been established, the hands employed wool into articles of the most approved fashion, has State of New York, March 8, 1825. in them, might not have been in existence. thereby the means of throwing foreign wool into By establishing manufactories, you enable the our markets, to the exclusion of our own, in a hands required to work them, to accumulate to an shape so acceptable to the tastes of our people, as The question, as it relates to this country is, shall extent which they never could have done but for to insure its being taken in preference to that raised we profit from the example of England? That we their establishment. The population of England here: and the same may be said of many other armay do it under advantages and prospects altoge- must have remained vastly less, and that of Flan- ticles. The farmer is, moreover, for want of that ther more favourable, and to greater effect than ders, much greater, had England been content to protection and encouragement to the required artiEngland ever did, is most certain. To arrive at have continued her former practice of sending her zans, deprived of many, and the most profitable apthe same point of elevation, and that comparatively wool to Flanders, there to be worked into cloths, plications of his land and labour, and compelled to soon, we have only to adopt the measures which and the cloth sent back to England, in exchange drudge on in the old track, in poverty. England did, and to avoid her unnecessary wars. for more wool. The population of England has, no The mechanic arts are not only the hand-maids Great Britain, had she adopted her present course doubt, been vastly enlarged, by changing this poli- of agriculture, and its principal support, but they of measures at an earlier day, in relation to her ma-cy. Retaining her wool, and refusing to receive are powerful auxiliaries to each other, and to the nufactures and trade, and avoided unnecessary wars, cloths from abroad, the artizans of Flanders had pursuits of science generally. might probably have attained to her present elevat-less to do; but it made room, and gave employment Encouragement to the introduction from abroad, ed condition, in any one of the centuries since the for artizans in England; to which the artizans of or growth within the country, of a population for Flanders, and other parts of the continent, found the purpose of converting raw materials into manu

thirteenth.

It is maintained that our population is not suffi- their way; or they were soon grown in England to factured articles, and making home markets for the ciently numerous, to commence manufacturing; that the required number. By adopting the same policy consumption of agricultural productions; and this we have not the hands to spare from other more here, we shall find that a like cause will produce by duties or prohibitions on foreign goods, is further profitable and healthful employments; that if we the same effect in this country. This change in the objected to, on the ground of policy; and the writers had, this surplus population would take to manu- policy of England may have occasioned some dis- before mentioned, Smith and M. Say, are cited as satisfaction at first. The persons by whose agency authorities. It is maintained by foreign commercial

factures as a matter of course.

It may be remarked that this objection is usually the former intercourse had been conducted, may agents in this country-by our importing merchants made, wherever manufactures are not extensively have apprehended the loss of their business, and-by the shipping interest generally, and cottoncarried on. It was so in some of the old countries. the gentry may have been dissatisfied at paying, for growers of the south, that the prevailing opinion in It is so at this time in Poland; in this and many a short time, enhanced prices for less fashionable England, and the acts of the English government other countries, and will probably be so in every goods; but it raised England to an elevation in are in accordance with the theories of these gentlecountry, until manufactures are commenced in that wealth, strength, political and civil consideration, to men-that the English are doing away their proteccountry. which she never could have attained, without that tion to manufactures and trade, as far, and as fast

The labourers of this country are mostly confin change in her policy. She soon found that her as practicable-that they have finally become coned to the land, from which many might be benefi- number of people; her internal and external trade; vinced that their protections, by way of prohibicially withdrawn; for they are earning but very the style of cultivating and rent of her land; and, tions, bounties and duties, have been of more injury little there. But they have not the necessary know above all, the revenue derived from her importa than benefit to them-that their manufactures and ledge of any other calling, and those who have tions from abroad, were greatly increased and en- trade have arrived to their unexampled state of grown old in labours upon the land, cannot easily larged, and is still found to go on increasing. She prosperity, not by the aid, but in despite of these be learnt a new trade: nor is it believed to be ne- had to grope her way to wealth and eminence, with regulations. The books of these gentlemen are in cessary or desirable that they should be. Manufac-out the aid of the numerous precedents and exam- the hands of almost every body, still it may be well, tures, if they can find protection, will be carried ples which, by the history of her rise, and that of very briefly to state their leading theories, and to on, and supplied with hands, who will come to us other countries, are now afforded to us. She made inquire how far the allegations, that England has already learned, from the countries from which we some errors in her progress, which, by these lights, become sick of her protections and restraints, is have obtained our manufactured articles, or be we may avoid. It is worthy of remark, however, founded in fact. To do this, however, within any made from the younger and growing population that her statesmen never for a moment thought of thing like reasonable bounds, but little more can be of this country. By giving to the younger and following the plausible theories of the Adam Smiths said than to state facts and refer to authorities. growing population, business at home, we shall pre- and M. Says, of the day. They looked to the prac - The leading principles of these gentlemen, are vent them from strolling into Canada or Michigan, tical operations and results of measures. When claimed to be based upon the natural progress of in search of new places of residence; and the strength they found them prejudicial, they changed them; man from the savage to the most civilized state. and wealth of the old settled states will be aug- and left the speculations of these gentlemen to be That men at first subsist by bunting, fishing, and on mented by retaining them, and giving them oppor- studied and followed by us, and such other nations natural productions, without labour: from that state tunities, as artizans, of obtaining comfortable liv- as thought proper to follow them, to the benefit of they pass to that of shepherds or herdsmen; from ings. England, and to their own individual ruin. that to the division and cultivation of land: after In our rage for growing bread-stuffs and provi- Had the double duties imposed during the late which, manufactures are commenced as a distinct sions for foreign markets, about all the lands in this war, remained upon such articles as we had com- profession. When the cultivation of the land and state, of a good quality, with much of the poorer menced the manufacture, the slaughter which took manufactures are filled with capital and labour to grades, have been settled. The canals which have, place among the sheep in 1818-19, and 20, would overflowing, the next branch of business to be taken to an incalculable extent, advanced the general never have happened. Our hills at this time would up is that of external commerce, with navigation. wealth of the state, have, with the benefits conferred, have been covered with sheep; extensive manufac- The next in succession, is carrying the productions furnished a cheap and expeditious means of getting tories of woollen and cotton goods would have been of one foreign country to that of another. After out of it and we may calculate that this means of in operation, with probably many others; the prices, all these several branches of business are overdone, getting out of the state into others, or into Canada, like those of coarse cotton cloths, would at this then emigration and the establishment of foreign will be improved to a very great extent, by many, time have been as low, or lower, than the imported; colonies commences: internal commerce being inciwho find themselves without employments affording there would then have been a few articles, upon dental to every stage. That the patronage and prosome prospect of profit, and the canals thereby, and which the farmer could have relied for money to tection of government, should never be extended to any to that extent, become a mean of lessening, instead pay his taxes and other demands. one branch of business over that of another, nor to the of augmenting our numbers, as was expected. If we had been permitted to supply the southern labour, ingenuity, or enterprize of the citizen or subBut it is believed that hands could easily be ob-states with negro cloths, in exchange for their cot-ject, over that of the foreigner; but that all, as well No. 31.-VOL. 8.