foot from the ground. Scions should be cut in Feb-size of the fruit is thereby much promoted. I have 6th. 3. Trees should never be planted deep. One or Daniel Smith. I found it a losing concern from the two inches lower than their growth in the nursery great extent of the establishment, and from the is best. My rule is to dig two spits deep, a hole war. A Cart, the wheels 2 feet 2 inches diameter, and 1 foot thick; the body 5 ft. 6 in. squarethe use confined to the farm, and it adds greatly to the facility of removing earths, manures, stones, &c; runs much easier in soft ground, and does no injury. Is a halved Roller, by means of a round bar of iron being passed through the centre for an axle; the roll is then sawed in two. Its great use is in pulverizing stiff soils, and its preference over the common roll is in turning without scooping out a hole in the ground. large enough to hold the spade horizontally laid I hope to make up a very heavy loss by my orchI fear I have written too much, without being any down. The best earth should be laid round the ards, which are in the highest state of vigour and way able to benefit you, or those with whom you roots. Rich earth, or ameliorated ditch bank, is perfection, on the banks of the Delaware. I have are so laudably engaged; but I cannot close withbetter than dung, which attracts ground mice, and about 150 varieties of the apple, selected according out protesting against the universal waste of mais liable to be affected by the dry weather of our to their quality-two thirds for cider, and one-third nure, the stamina of agriculture; instead of which, summers. I prefer surface manuring to any other for the table, for the Philadelphia market. I have the offal of the house, the barn and field, should all mode of applying dung-ploughing it in-from fifty obtained almost every valuable kind that I know of, be collected and secured for compost, and the defito thirty feet is the distance I adopt, according to foreign or native. The apples of our own country ciency should be supplied by green crops turned in, the soil and natural size of the trees when full grown. are unquestionably superior to those of Europe, either clover, oats or buckwheat. At thirty feet, forty-eight trees will stand on an from whence I have imported, and am now culti acre; thirty-five trees at thirty-five feet; twenty-vating, most of the apples of high reputation. seven at forty feet, and only eighteen at fifty feet. Peach stones from natural fruit, usually produce I have 144 acres planted with 4000 apple trees, the same kinds. Those cultivated for the Philadelwith these several distances, from seven to twenty-phia and New York markets, are raised by innocutwo years old. Probably forty feet is a good me-lation from the finer European kinds, of which dium distance. many exquisitely flavoured varieties have been im I shall be glad to learn, from time to time, the result of your experiments and improvements, and shall have no hesitation in communicating such as come to my knowledge. I am, with much respect, DAVID PORTER. FITABLE PLANTS, 4. Mud from meadows on sandy soils; marl on ported. These will produce fruit of a quality much G. W. JEFFRYS, Esq. all soils, and barn yard manure on all soils; ashes I improved, compared with the common peaches of use to a great extent. In general, the better the our country, although of different kinds from the farming and the richer the ground, the more will original planted fruit. Cherry stones from the na- NOTICES OF PERNICIOUS AND UNPROtrees grow. Fallow crops of all kinds, viz: Indian tural black mazard and from the morello, will procorn, potatoes, pumpkins, &c. are preferable to cul-duce the same kinds; but as all the numerous va miferous grains. Buckwheat is a good crop; grass rieties of the heart, duke and other imported kinds, only is injurious in proportion as it prevents culti are raised by innoculation or engrafting on the first vation, and hinders the beneficent effects of light, mentioned two kinds, their stones will produce heat and moisture to the roots, which grow best cheries resembling the parent stock. The same when extended as much as possible in a horizontal remark applies to all stone fruits. Of the apple and pear, the seeds can never be relied on to pro5. Our climate does not require such close prun- duce any specific kind, whether natural or engraft-in ing as the cold and moist one of England. 1, how-ed: We always resort to innoculation or engraft ever, trim closer than my neighbours. Branches ing, when we are desirous of possessing any partishould never cross each other; they should extend cular kinds. direction. WM. COXE. as equally as possible from the centre, in increasing I am, sir, respectfully, and with my best wishes 3d. MR. G. W. JEFFRYS. IMPLEMENTS OF HUSBANDRY. Which infest the Farms in Chester county, Penn. orchards, &c., but rarely extending over the A worthless weed, frequent about yards, gardens, farm, and not difficult to keep in subjection. Solanum Carolinense. Horse-nettle. Carolina night shade. states, and has latterly got possession of the ground This plant has been introduced from the southern in several localities. It is an obnoxious weed, its prickles preventing cattle from feeding among it; and as its roots are perennial and very tenacious of life, it promises to be troublesome to the farmers, if they do not carefully guard against its progress. Čampanula amplexicaulis. Clasping bell-flower. A plant of no value, and abounding in cultivated grounds, particularly in wheat fields; but it is not so injurious as to attract much attention. PENTANDRIA. DIGYNIA. 6. Moss is best destroyed by scraping in damp DEAR SIR, weather, whitewash is highly useful; but the best preventive is good cultivation and rich ground. What time I could spare the last season from imCaterpillars are easily destroyed in the morning proving, planning and laying out my farm, has been and evening, when in their youthful stages, and mostly devoted to improvements in the implements in wet weather; at all which times they remain of husbandry. I have now in successful operation, in their nests. I know little of the canker. I have, 1st. The Jointed Harrow, square form, taken from Cuscuta Europaa. Flax-vine. Dodder. Devil's in the few instances in which I have observed it, the Domestic Encyclopædia, vol. 3, p. 252. guts. found the best cure was to dig up the tree and re- 2d. A Cut Harrow, or kind of scarifier, short teeth This singular, parasitic plant, has been introducplace it with another. like coulters, pointing backwards, for cutting ed from Europe, and frequently appears among our turf on land you would not willingly break flax crops in such quantities as to be highly perniup. cious, twining round it, and entangling it, so as to A heavy triangle Harrow, made in halves, with destroy the value of large patches. Care in the a joint in the centre; the best implement on selection of seed, is, perhaps, the only way to guard new lands which are encumbered with stubs, against the evil. The American species of this roots or stones, I ever saw, as the elasticity of plant, though very common, it is believed never inthe joints will prevent it from catching. terferes with, or injures any valuable crop. A two-ferrow Plough, which is made by the Daucus barota. Wild carrot. yoking two common ploughs, and with which A foreigner, but abundantly naturalized; and a have ploughed at the rate of an acre in 91 mi very troublesome, worthless plant to the farmer. nutes, with two yoke of oxen; as fine a tool as Many farms are over run with it, and some neglectcan be found for light lands, crossing fallows ed old fields almost monopolized by it. The umand ploughing in seed, &c. bels of seeds are often dispersed far and wide on The Horse Hoe, & very valuable implement, to the top of the snow, in the winter season, by the d be had at the Agricultural Repository in New winds; and thus the product of one neglected farm York, price $20-but you must be particular, may annoy a whole neighbourhood. Nothing but for although the principle is good, the work the united exertions of the agricultural community and iron of mine was not good, and I had to re-can effectually subdue this pest. Being a biennic build the defective parts. however, it may be conquered by vigilance and pe 4th. 7. In light soils, fall planting is equally good with that of spring. It is a season also of leisure. I have used both modes, as suited my convenience and the cultivation of my grounds, with little dif ference in the success of the operation. A crop of Indian corn, or any other fallow crop, is a good preparation-the previous loosening the soil by cul tivation facilitates the operation of planting In light grounds, I generally throw the second spit some distance from the tree, supplying its place by the superior surface earth. Most frequently I plant in the fall; immediately after, and through the whole of the winter, I cast rich ditch bank earth or meadow mud, several loads around each tree, spread-5th. ing it when ameliorated by the frost five, six or seven feet from the tree, according to its richness and quantity. On one farm I have used 5000 loads of mud around 1300 trees, on 40 acres of ground on a light sandy loam. The growth of the trees and the I severance; but it must be rooted out, for it is a true vegetable hydra, and cutting it off only gives rise to a multiplication of heads. Pastinaca rigida, Torrey. Water parsnip. Cow bane. The most favourable age for the animal from four to eight months, depending on its growth. There are two methods of performing the operation: one, in the side; the other, in the belly. I prefer the latter, because the blood passes off This plant occurs, occasionally, in our swampy through the orifice. As to the minutia of the opemeadow grounds and along rivulets; and is not only ration, it can be better learned by five minutes' obworthless, but it is said to be poisonous to horned servation in seeing it, than described on a sheet of cattle, when eaten by them. It is, however, easily paper. extirpated. Cicuta maculata. Wild parsnip. Water hemlock. Spotted cow-bane. This is pretty frequent in swampy meadows and along ditches, &c. It is an active poison; and children have been destroyed by eating the roots, in mistake, for those of the sweet cicily. It may readily be kept down, which neat farmers are careful to do. HORTICULTURE. (From the Boston Medical Intelligencer.) BLACK CURRANT WINE. Mr. Editor,-Agreeably to your request, I have the pleasure to furnish you with the following history of the wine which I have prepared for some time past from the officinal black currant. About To the 4th querytwenty years ago I cultivated a few plants only, for The twig of an apple tree which has taken root the purpose of making a jelly or preserve for family and grown to maturity, will produce the same fruit use; and some of it happening to be on the table as the original tree; and will not differ in its fruit when I was favoured with the company of that estifrom what it would have produced, had it been mable man and eminent physician, the late Dr. grafted on another stock. Some experienced orch- John Warren, a conversation ensued on its mediciardists prefer raising the horse apple, from the cut-nal qualities, which he highly extolled, and expressting, to grafting it on other stocks. ed a strong desire that the confectioners in Boston It is, however, said by them, that other apple should be supplied with the fruit, observing that the Chenopodium album. Lamb's-quarters. Goose-trees are not so durable when raised from cuttings, Faculty would often prescribe the Jelly or Rob if it as when grafted on seedling stocks. could be procured. In consequence of his suggesTo the 5th querytions, I was induced to increase the plantation, and A fat lightwood post charred, in an ordinarily dry in a few years was enabled to supply the confecsituation, is more durable than any other. I have tioners with more fruit than they wanted. For the seen them perfectly sound, when, from circum- demand being uncertain, and as the article would stances, it was supposed they had been standing seldom retain its virtues more that one year, three more than fifty years. or four bushels only could be annually disposed of. In situations exposed to continual wet and mois- About this time I met with an HERBAL, written by ture, no wood can be more durable than the heart the late celebrated Dr. Heberden, of London; in This is a troublesome plant to the farmer, the of black cypress. There are many facts which in- which, after describing the species or varieties of roots being very tenacious of life, and spreading duce a belief, that a black cypress log will lie on a currants, he states that the medicinal properties of rapidly along fences and field sides, unless extirpat- soil constantly moist, more than an hundred years wine made from the red or white currant, are much ed with great care and perseverance. without rotting. superior to those of wine from the grape, as it may Rhus glabrum. Common sumach. Smooth sube administered ir many cases of fever, where the mach. latter would be too heating. No mention was made of wine from the black currant, but the doctor re foot. A troublesome weed in gardens, farm yards, &c. requiring constant care to keep it in subjection. It is not altogether useless, as housewives sometimes boil the young plants, and serve them up at table under the name of "greens." PENTANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. Sambucus canadensis. Elder bush. This shrub, also, inclines to form thickets along fences, and to encroach on the fields, especially in poor land; but it may easily be kept down-and, in fact, is rarely permitted to get a-head, except by the most unthrifty and slovenly farmers. Rhus radicans. Poison vine. A post of the heart of post-oak, will last from P. [How much would the utility of this medium for farmers would follow the example of our correspon interchange of information be augn:ented, if all dents, friend Kersey, who will appear in our next, This plant does not interfere much with the and the writer of the above, who is, to us, unknown that I could not do better with my black currants grounds or crops of the farmer, being mostly con- They manifest a spirit that should always prevail marks, that "a Jelly or Rob from this fruit was conother beverage, in fevers, particularly in the low sidered almost a specific for sore throat, and highly efficacious when exhibited with barley water and stages of the typhus." The idea then occurred, than to manufacture them into wine, as I felt confident that it might be made to possess all the mild stimulating qualities of the other kinds of currant wine, combined with the more valuable astringent PROFIT OF MERINO WOOL HUSBANDRY. and detergent properties so conspicuous in the jelly. MR. SKINNER, Steubenville, March 8, 1827. It would be as convenient to administer,—and, what was of great importance, not liable to deteriorate by Your correspondents have, in some instances, given you flattering accounts of sheep shearing, age. Accordingly. I commenced operations, with no small portion of enthusiasm; and notwithstandand the sales of their fleeces. I beg leave to state, ing a complete failure in all my experiments for that Adam Hildenbrand, a faithful man in my emfour years in succession, with considerable loss of ploy, wintered ten Merino rams, the fleeces of which time and money. I persevered till a wine was proof wool, which I sold at 80 cents per lb. This was yielded, at my sheep shearing in June, 1825, 75 lbs. duced which equalled my most sanguine expectaan average of six dollars per fleece. Bolivar, the tions, and which I ventured to exhibit to most of the prize ram, who achieved the silver cup at the late principal physicians in Boston, several of whom imMaryland cattle show, was among the ten, and mediately began to prescribe it and have continued the practice, as have others also in the vicinity, for stands now unrivalled, take him all in all, by any Being desirous to test its caMerino or Saxony ram in the United States. This eight or nine years. fine animal is now the property of Messrs. Dike & pacity to withstand a hot climate, a parcel was shipDuncan, of Ohio, to whom I sold him some time ped to Savannah, where it remained in a store on ago, with a number of the purest and finest Meri- the bluff two summers, and was returned perfectly sound and much improved. The goats require a shelter from rains. In our warm climate they will thrive well in the woods, requiring no other food than they themselves can pick up, except in winter, when they ought to have no ewes. Those gentlemen have commenced the business of sheep husbandry with great spirit, in a very small quantity of grain. They will eat any Starke county, Ohio; and from their advantages inspect the process, and though the person employed vegetable. They will be completely prevented from climbing, by paring the bottoms and edges of their hoofs once or twice a year, and become as harmless as point of soil and situation, and their unremitted at- [* For this uncommonly fine ram, which at our last Some years since I was unable, one season, to inreceived very particular directions, the quality proved inferior, and the reputation of the wine may have suffered in consequence. But I bave of late introduced important improvements in the preparation; and that which is now exhibited will, I trust, be found to be superior to any before produced. But to arrive at this result, it has demanded minute personal attention in every stage of the process-from the cultivation of the plants till the wine is fit for cattle show took Mr. Kebello's premium, offered for the the bottle; and its remaining previously for a pesheep, yielding on the ground, the greatest weight of ricd of four or five years in the wood, seems requipicklock wool, Messrs. Dike & Duncan gave $100. He site to bring it to that state of perfection of which is a Merino of American growth, and proves that with care it is susceptible. It may be proper to add, that beThe most favourable season for spaying hogs, is in the selection of breeders, the western country may sides the water necessary, this wine contains not a in mild weather in spring or fall. inch above the testicle. To the 2d query rival in fine woolled sheep any part of the globe. ED.] particle of foreign substance except sugar, and twe per cent. of brandy, which is introduced at a stage SAMUEL WŸLLYS POMEROY. [Remarks on the above by the Editor, Dr. Coffin, a physician of highly respectable standing in Boston.-ED. AM. FARM.] We are glad to see and to publish this account of the Black Currant Wine, because we have been ac otherwise have affected them. The wild plum be-country. In three of those, our peach trees have raised from the stones; and their buds have been J. S. SKINNER, Esq. I afterwards met, in an English magazine, with quainted with its character and effects for several the account of an experiment made in the north of PRINCE'S FRUIT TREES-VINES, &c. years, and think so well of it that we wish every France, which completely satisfied me as to the MR. W. I'RINCE, Alabama, Dec. 2, 1826. body else to know it as well, and to estimate it as cause of my failure. I would quote it literally, but Sir,-With much pleasure I give you an account highly as we do. So far as we can trust our own as I cannot, unfortunately, now lay my hand upon of the fruit trees, vines, &c. transmitted to me from experience and observation, we deem this wine the book, I must trust to memory. your establishment last spring more truly cordial and medicinal than any which we have seen used by invalids and convalescents. branches, was taken during a severe frost, which were originally packed was two months and seven A pot, containing a rose bush having two long The time they remained in the box in which they It has all the good properties of the best Port, with continued during the greater part of the time occu- days They were taken out as late as the 7th day out any of its heating or constipating effects. We could name several instances wherein great debili March, and planted without any unusual care. ty and exhaustion after protracted and severe fever, lost one tree. and from other causes, nothing else could be thought of or taken with pleasure or advantage, in which this wine proved grateful to the palate, and most friendly to the stomach; in which, indeed, it was the principal means of conducting the patient to health and strength. of pied by the experiment, and placed in front of a Of the apples, you forwarded twenty four kinds— Of grapes, I received nine kinds-I lost one from accident. the country-lost none. Soft-shell almonds, grew equal to any peach trees I shall forward you an order in a few days for some additional kinds of fruit, I am, respectfully, your obed't serv't, Peaches-lost none; they grow admirably. The practice which is now most approved in Its exhibition has been attended with remarkable England for the management of the grape vine in of them Figs-lost none; the same remark may be made success in the early stages of cholera and dysente forcing houses, seems to confirm the result of this The fine Virgalien and St. Germain pears grow ry; and again also in the later stages of these disexperiment. The vine is planted on the outside of well. eases, after the symptoms of inflammation or febrile the house, near the front; is then introduced into If the growth of the tree is any promise of excitement had ceased. It has been strikingly re-it, and trained upward near the glass roof. fruit, we have ground to expect the finest pears. medial in the low states of typhoid and bilious fe- The conclusion seems irresistible, that the sap ed in this section of the United States, is generally The extraordinary growth of fruit trees cultivatver. The late Captain Gilchrist, who for several remaining in the branches is sufficient to throw known. The growth of the apple trees from your years followed the Batavia trade, and who had al-forth the leaves and blossoms; and that the ac-establishment, I found equal to the trees of the counways suffered an attack of the severe cholera, which tion of the atmosphere upon the branches alone proves so destructive of human life in that climate, is sufficient to produce this effect. The tree must try, (generally,) cultivated under similar circumstances. used to say that alter he had this wine with him, afterwards, doubtless, depend upon its roots for and took two glasses of it every morning, he escap, nourishment. ed the disease. On one voyage, his mate, who had Admitting this conclusion to be just, the idea of not taken the wine, was seized with this complaint, rendering foreign vines sufficiently hardy for our when a bottle or two stopped its further progress. uncertain climate, by grafting them on native vaWe have not room to enumerate many other mor rieties, is falicious, as well as many other sugges the spring, from this state, for the wine grapes of P. SI expect you will receive several orders for bid: ffections in which this wine has proved useful. tions for retarding the bloom of fruit trees, to pre- Madeira, Bordeaux, Burgundy-the "Tokay, SweetIn sore throat it has. for many years, been consid-vent its destruction by the late spring frosts, by coered almost a specific remedy. vering the ground about them with straw, refuse of water, &c.—also, the silk mulberry, as the public flas, &c. which have been made in many publica- attention is directing fast towards those objects, and which will shortly, I am persuaded, prove a tions in the United States. Being thus baffled in my first attempt to ascer- part of the wealth of this state-it being admirably tain whether my impressions, as to the cause of the calcul ted, from soil and climate, to produce the I am induced to address to you the following ob- destruction of the buds, were correct or otherwise, finest wines and the best silk. servations on the peach tree, in the hope, that by the two succeeding winters I examined my trees attracting the attention of practical horticulturists, every day, carefully noticing the state of the weaideas may be elicited which will give a lead to further the result of these observations has satisfied ther experiments. me that it takes place, in a greater or less degree, Although this tree is not subject, in our district whenever the thermometer of Fahrenheit sinks of country, to the diseases which prove so fatal on more than 7 below zero. One year it happened the eastern side of the Alleghany mountains, and is early in December, in the other in January; periods singularly luxuriant, yet, from a cause I am led to when the buds must have been entirely in a dor- Esopus Spitzenbergh apple, an American sort, suppose does not operate in the vicinity of the sea, mant state. In both seasons the atmosphere, at the requiring the protection of a wall; large, beautiful, from not appearing to have attracted the notice of time, was clear and dry. and of an exquisite flavour. It is said to have oriyour correspondents, it may almost be considered In November last, I pressed to the ground a few ginated in the neighbourhood of Albany. By Geo. of the long trailing branches of a peach tree, plant- Caswell, Esq., in his garden at Saccombe park, ed in a low situation, and fastened them with fork- Hertfordshire." ON THE DISEASES OF PEACH TREES. useless. J. M. HORTICULTURAL ITEMS, From Loudon's Gardeners Magazine for 1826. Among the new and remarkable varieties of fruit presented to the London Horticultural Society, we notice the following: My attention was first directed to this subject, by observing that fine luxuriant trees of full size pro ed sticks. I then covered them with a small quan- This apple, if I am rightly informed, was first duced no blossoms. The ensuing spring, the trees tity of dry asparagus tops, not because I preferred produced as a seedling, in the garden of the ancesbeing again covered with blossom buds, which they them to straw, but they were at hand. A few days tors of General Stephen Van Rensselaer, near this never fail to produce while in a growing state, I bi after the severe morning of the 27th December, city. It shows indications of having passed its mesected a bud from the point to the base; and found (when my thermometer stood at 7° below zero,) Iridian, as both the tree and fruit seem to have dethe embryo blossom changed from a light green, its examined the tree, and could not find a sound bud, teriorated. In some situations, however, particunatural colour, to a dark brown, and evidently except those on the covered branches, which were larly on the alluvions of the Mohawk, it still retains dead. As we generally have a fortnight of warm all safe. I shall allow them to continue covered, to its high reputation. And I think from calcareous weather the latter part of February, succeeded in ascertain whether, or not, they will remain inert soils it is more bland, or less acid, than from soils March by severe cold. it was my first impression until all danger of injury by spring frosts is over. which are not so It has been the most esteemed that the buds were partially swelled by the warmth. If you deem this experiment sufficiently interesting dessert apple of our orchards; and it cannot but be and being rendered more tender, were afterwards for your notice, I will inform you of the result. gratifying to the lovers of good fruit to learn, that destroyed by a degree of cold which would not! It is eight years ince I became a resident of this a new seedling Spitzenbergh, in Ulster county, pro mises to supply the place of the declining parent. The fruit is rather more flat, and somewhat less acid, and yet possesses the high flavour of the old variety. I introduced it into my nursery in 1825. Among the books presented to the same society, I notice several volumes of the American Farmer, and the Memoirs of the New York Board of Agriculture. ing from a severe bilious fever, my physician per- Governor Johnson, with five of his brothers, served LADIES' DEPARTMENT. (From the Saturday Evening Post.) J. B. Mrs. Adams is one of the eight children; seven of whom were daughters. She was born in London, received the early part of her education in France, at Nantz; and accompanied her parents to Action of poisons upon the vegetable kingdom.-M. T. Marut, of Geneva, has lately made some curious experiments upon the effects of poison upon the vegetable kingdom, By causing plants to grow in Mrs. Adams, the wife of our present President, England after the war, in eighty-three, when she, poisonous mixtures, or by introducing poisons into is the daughter of the late Joshua Johnson, who with her sisters, was put to an English school, to their system, it was found that the effect upon ve- married an English lady in London prior to the re-learn English, of which they could not speak a getation was nearly the same as upon the functions volutionary war, where he was established as a word. In London, she became acquainted with of animals. The experiments were generally made merchant, of the name of Nuth, and was appointed John Quincy Adams, and there was married to him, with plants of the kidney bean, and the comparison Consul at London by General Washington; which in the presence of her family, Judge Thomas Adams, was always made with a plant watered with spring place he filled during fifteen years, in which time a and Mr. Joseph Hall, late Sheriff of Boston-by the water.-Jour. Roy. Inst., Öot. large portion of his hard earned property was ex- Rev. John Hewlett, at the church of All Hallows, [We have two diseases, one of the plum and pended in saving from impressment, from starva Wapping, near Tower hill. She was married unthe other of the pear and apple, which I have long tion, from sickness and suffering, and for funeral der the most propitious circumstances; but ere the ascribed to animal poisons. That the canker of expenses when dead, a number of American sea-honey moon had sped its flight, those prospects the plum and morello cherry is owing to aething men; some of whom no doubt are living, and can were blighted, by one of those calamities to which more than an extravasation of the natur sap, is testify to the fact. For these services Joshua John- the most honest and cautious merchants are liable, evident from the fact, that the natural sap, or pre- son never was remunerated by Congress. The office and she lost the little property forever which she expared juice, of stone fruit, becomes a vegetable was a humble one, but that is certainly a useful one, pected to bring to her husband, and became a begoxyde, or gum, on coming in contact with the oxy- however obscure, on which depends the lives and gar, with the appearance, of what was infinitely gen of the atmosphere; and also from another fact, liberties of so large a portion of the community, worse to her proud spirit, of having palmed herself that gum has only a slight tendency to putrefaction, whose rights are, or ought to be as dear to the na- upon a family under the most odious circumstanand but partially and seldom affects the health tion as those of any of its citizens. Joshua John- ces. God alone who knows all the secrets of the of the trunk or branch from which it exudes. The son returned to his native country with a family of heart, knows the truth, and in him she relied in all canker of the plum, on the contrary, seems to un-eight children, under the expectation of possessing her troubles. Her father sailed for America three dergo a rapid decomposition, is in a short time re- a handsome property. His hopes were blasted by or four weeks after her marriage, and in a short duced to an impalpable powder, and if left to its the treachery of his partners; and he was reduced time, sinking under affliction and ill health, she acnatural course, soon poisons and destroys branch, to a state of the utmost distress. In this dreadful companied her husband to the Court of Prussia; trunk and root. This disease is not owing to cli-emergency, the late Mr. Adams gave him the place where, during a four years' residence, in an almost mate, to soil nor to aspect: for where care is used of Superintendent of Stamps, which enabled him to uninterrupted state of ill health and suffering, she to cut off and burn the affected branch, the disease maintain his family; and their gratitude to the good was treated with very uncommon kindness by the is stopped; and where these precautions are omitted, old gentleman, who dared to do this charity against present King, and his late beautiful Queen One it continues to increase. The experiments of M. the advice of his nearest friends, is as great as was instance of which must be mentioned among many Marut show, that an animal poison, injected into his noble liberality. This office was taken from to prove a mark (not of assumption) but of the intender branch, might cause tumors; that the poison Mr. Johnson about two or three weeks before he delible gratitude imprinted on the mind of a stranmight be disseminated in the sap, and produce ulti- died, and he was again left destitute, with the hor- ger, who had no claims but those of humanity, her mate death. rible conviction that he left his widow and family youth and her helplessness. At the time of the birth I have read much that has been written on the penny less, and dependant upon the charity of their of G. W. Adams, her eldest son, the situation of disease of the pear, but nothing that has been per- relations, and the exertions of an only brother, Mrs. Adams was very dangerous for two or three fectly satisfactory. The disease shows itself first whose extreme ill health rendered his exertions, weeks throughout the time. The King and Queen in the extremity of the branches. The leaves and however meritorious, insufficient to provide for sent daily to inquire how she was, and to prevent bark become brown, then black, and the limb is them. Joshua Johnson was one of eleven children, her sufferings from being aggravated by the exerfound to be dead to its extreme point. Some have of a respectable and wealthy family from Calvert cising of the military, or the noise of carriages, gave found insects in the bark, and in the pith of the af- county, Maryland.* He was one of seven brothers, orders that a bar should be placed across the streets, fected branch. I have not been able to discover the eldest of whom, Thomas Johnson, was appoint- that nothing should disturb the quiet of her resiany, on critical examination. I therefore suspected by General Washington to the Supreme Court, dence. That lovely Queen is gone to sojourn among that they are rather a consequence, than a cause, of who was offered the situation of Secretary of State, her sister angels, in a world of everlasting bliss. the disease. On examination, I found that the dark, and who was the first Governor of the state of Ma- Before Mrs. Adams was able to walk, she left or diseased colour, extended farther down the ryland after the acceptance of the constitution Berlin, with her husband and infant, then seven branch in the cambium, or the new forming conweeks old; being carried to her travelling carriage centric layer, than in either the bark or sap wood. Patuxent river, at the north entrance of St. Leonard's *The family estate is on the right bank ascending the in a chair, by her husband, and Mr. Thos. Welsh, a I inferred from this fact, though I do not intend to creek. It belonged to the Editor of this paper during his Secretary: and she could just walk alone when say that my inference is correct, that poison had the war, when every shingle on it was burned by the she went on board the America, commanded by been injected into the cambium through the bark, enemy, in pursuit of Barney's flotilla. The Editor was Capt. Wills, at Hamburg. She arrived in Philanear the extremity of the limb, and had been car then the agent for flags of truce and prisoners of war. delphia on the 4th of September, 1801; and there, ried down, by the descending sap, to the extent of and the medium through whom the intercourse was for the first time, parted with her husband, who the affected part; and that the vitiated sap and the held between the government and the commanders of went to Boston to visit his parents; while Mrs. disease had been stopped only by the want of cir- the enemy's forces. This intercourse, and the inter- Adams with her infant, pursued her route to Washculation or propulsion in the extremity. For it will change of friendly offices connected with it, begot, as ington, for the same purpose. Two little months be remembered, that sap must pass to the leaves, kindly feeling, and much regret was expressed when far as was consistent with the duties of the parties, a she passed with, and literally in the bosom of her and be elaborated, before it can pass down between they learned that the property burned belonged to Mr. family,with that glow of affection which gladdens and the bark and sap-wood.] Skinner. An order was afterwards issued, with which delights a feeling heart. Her husband then joined Grapes.-The physicians of Geneva send some he was subsequently furnished with a copy in the hand her, and they set forward on their journey to the of their patients to the Pays de Vaud, during vin-writing of Admiral Sir George Cockburn in the fol-north, the grand-parents of her little boy being vetage, to take what is called a regular course of lowing words. The sheep were pure merinoes, then ry desirous to see him. Mr. Johnson wishing to ingrapes; that is, to subsist three weeks entirely on of great value. this fruit, without taking any other food or drink. In a few days a grape diet becomes agreeable, and weak persons, and also the insane, have found great relief from subsisting on it for three or four weeks. H. M. Ship Albion, July 13, 1814. G. COCKBURN, R. Admiral. [I can corroborate the value of "a course of To the commanding officer of any detachments which grapes" from personal experience. When recover-may land on the above property. troduce his daughter to her relations, accompanied her, and on the road to Frederick he fell sick; and after eight days passed in painful anxiety, Mrs. Adams was obliged to proceed on her journey to Boston, where she arrived late in November, 1801. She never saw her father more! he died at Fredericktown, at his brother's, Col. Baker Johnson, in the April of the following year. SPORTING OLIO. RIDE AND DRIVE. [Ib. After a residence of eight years in America, (in servant by the recommendation of the master of the peake and Ohio Canal Convention, and repeals the Boston and Washington, alternately) during which hotel, where she was obliged to remain one day in provisos in our internal improvement law, which time she gave birth to three sons; John, born in consequence of the detention of her baggage, which prevented the State of Maryland from becoming Boston, 4th of July, 1803; one, born in Washing- was, however, returned to her unopened, through subscribers to the amount of half a million of dolton, June 22d, 1806, dead; and Charles Francis, the medium of the passport procured from the lars to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. It also alborn in Boston, 18th August, 1809; Mrs. Adams French Minister at Berlin. The difficulties of the lows the same amount to the Susquehannah Canal, again accompanied her husband to St. Petersburg; journey were not a little increased by the general and authorizes an advance of twenty thousand dolalmost heart broken at leaving her two eldest sons excitement into which the country was thrown, by lars to the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. behind; who, it was concluded by her husband and the return of Napoleon; the troops being all on their Maryland has, therefore, taken her stand in fatheir grand parents, must renew their education in march to join him, and not in the best state of mil-vour of internal improvement, and her policy will America. Her sister, the present Mrs. W. L. itary discipline. But she arrived safe in Paris, remain unchanged for many years; during the term, Smith, went with her. Their residence in St. Pe- where she was again placed under the protection of at all events, of the present Senate, who hold their tersburg was rendered painful by the news of the an affectionate husband, a woman's safest and best seats until September, 1831. loss of several of their nearest relations, and the sanctuary; wno in consequence of the perfect quiet Maryland has shewn, that she is ready and willoss of Mrs. Adams' only daughter, who was born of Paris, was much surprised to hear of her "hair ling to use all the means in her power, to promote and buried in that inhospitable clime Here again breadth escapes." After a short sojourn in Paris, the happiness of her citizens and the welfare of the she was treated with every marked distinction and waiting for instructions, the family went to England, whole Union. kindness by the late Emperor Alexander, and the and Mrs. Adams was joined by her two children, Empress' mother of Russia; and here again this is where they resided two years, in a small but beauonly noted as a tribute of gratitude. Mr. Adams tiful village ten miles from London, the expense of| was ordered to Gottenburg to meet the Commis- an establishment in the metropolis rendering a resisioners, from whence he went to Ghent; deeming dence therein impossible. Mrs. Adams' health was it possible that he should be ordered back to Pe- such when she left England to return home. that Mr. Bullock's match, to drive three miles in hartersburg if the Commission was unsuccessful, he her physician thought it necessary to inform her, ness, in 13 minutes, for 150 sovereigns, from Hounsthought it prudent to leave Mrs. Adams at St. Pe- that her life would be endangered by the voyage. low heath (opposite the Powder mills,) to Bedfont tersburg; and she remained there alone with her The prediction was nearly fulfilled; but after severe lane, a measured three miles; and a second match, little son from July to February, 1814-15. Mr. and suffering she reached her home in America, where for 100, sovs. that Mr. Field's American mare did Mrs. Smith, and the young American girl who had she has resided until this time, in the city of Wash- not trot (saddle,) the three miles in 10 minutes, gone out with her, having left Petersburg for Amer- ington. Mr. Johnson, fearful lest his long absence carrying feather weight, took place on Thursday, ica, Mr. Adams left it in April, 1814. It was while from his native country, should deprive his chil- October 19. Mr. B. made both matches, and his she was left alone, that the Empress' mother, on all dren of the rights of citizenship, through the influgroom rode saddle. The master drove as follows: occasions, declared herself Mrs. Adams' protec-ence of his friends, had them naturalized in the Le-The first mile in 4 min. 3 sec. (having once to back trice. The war, with America had cut off all com- gislative Assembly of Maryland, where their names the wheels for breaking into a gallop;) the second, in munication, and the situation of Mrs. Adams was stand recorded. 3 min. 35 sec.; and the third, in 3 min. 40 sec. winmade more painful by the impossibility of hearing Mrs. Adams is a woman of unassuming manners, ning the match tolerably easy.-6 to 4 on time. fond of reading, writing and knitting, and detesting She received an order from her husband to dis- politics, and in such general bad health, that she did as follows: First mile, 3 min. 9 sec.; second 3 In the second match, the boy rode 7 st. 4 lb. and pose of their furniture, &c. and join him in Paris. seldom leaves her chamber; and during this winter min. 12 sec.; and the third, leisurely, in 3 min. 30 In the sale of his property, she became the prey of has only done so at the drawing rooms to show her seconds, winning by 9 seconds easily.-2 to 1 on sharpers; a thing of course, when a wife is left by sense of the respect due to the public. The only the mare. her natural protector; and left St. Petersburg, after motive of the writer in publishing this piece, is to taking leave of the Empress' mother, on the 19th of refute, by a complete statement of facts, the preposFebruary, 1815, with two men servants, a French terous fables which have appeared concerning the waiting maid, and her son Charles; only one of birth of this lady. Having never before appeared these persons being known to her. Every thing in print, and possessing no ability for authorship, had been done by the Russian government through she is indifferent to criticism, and careless of effect, the medium of Mr. Harris, to make her journey so long as she has the happiness to show that Mrs. easy, and in all the towns where she stopped she Adams is the daughter of an American Republican was most kindly received. At Nerva, the Governor Merchant. waited on her and informed her that apartments were prepared for her at his house, to which he gave her a most polite and urgent invitation. At Riga she was received in the same manner; and during four or five days which she passed there, the The Legislature of the state of Virginia has passGovernor insisted upon her dining with him and ed a law, confirming the charter of the Baltimore his lady every day; and made an entertainment ex and Ohio Rail Road Company, with only these alpressly to introduce her to the first people in the terations: 1st. That the road shall not touch the place, to whom she was under the necessity of Ohio river lower down than the mouth of Little speaking German, a language with which she was Kanawha river; that the damages for property DEAR SIR, I received your letter last evening, from her children. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT. vote. [Vat. Intel. Annals of Sporting. THE FARMER. BALTIMORE, FRIDAY, MARCH 16, 1827. RINALDO.-Extract to the Editor from a gentleman, than whom there is no better judge in the state of Maryland. Rinaldo is now in Baltimoreno disposition has been made of him for the ensuing season. Proposals will be received, and the horse exhibited on application to the Editor of the American Farmer. He is by Sir Archy-a fine bay, and in all respects equal, in point of blood, to any horse in America or Europe. Londonderry, near Easton, March 14, 1827. but little acquainted, and which she spoke with taken or used for the construction of the road, &c. and agreeably to your request, though with much great difficulty. Mrs. Adams completed her jour shall be determined as such affairs are now effected reluctance, send you Rinaldo; the best horse in my ney as far as Berlin, having met with no other ac- by the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia; that opinion we have ever had on this shore, and I fear cident than losing the fore-wheel of her carriage. the penalty for injuring the road or property of the it will be long before we shall see his like again In this city she was obliged to remain until two new A press of business upon my hands, wheels could be made, for which she waited eight company, shall be the same as is inflicted for the among us. same offence against the public works of Virginia; want of stablage and groom, made it impracticable days. There again she, was most kindly received that is, the penitentiary. The bill passed both for me at this time, to make arrangements for his by her old friends. Again she proceeded on her houses of the Legislature by an almost unanimous accommodation; and I was not seconded by my journey; and soon afterwards heard of the return of the Emperor Napoleon to France. At Frankfort on the Maine, her two men servants deserted her; LEGISLATURE OF MARYLAND. and so great was the general consternation, the merchant to whom she had letters could only get a .Annapolis, March 10, 1827. boy of fourteen to attend her, and with this servant A bill from the House of Delegates, on the subshe was obliged to be satisfied. Pursuing her course ject of internal improvement, has just passed the through the grand duchy of Baden, by the advice Senate. Affirmative, Messrs. Forrest, Heath, Johnof the merchant, as he did not think it would be son, Kennedy, Marriott, Nelson, Sewell-7. Ne safe to go to Magdeburg, Mrs. Adams accomplish - gative, Messrs. Dennis, Harrison, Reese, Whitely ed her journey to Strasburg, still travelling night 4. Several senators, friendly to the bill, were aband day, without accident or difficulty. At Stras sent. brother farmers, with either zeal or liberality No horse can be better calculated than Rinaldo to propagate a progeny calculated to subserve all the useful purposes of man. He has the hardiness of constitution, strength and powers of the coach horse, with the activity, wind and fire of the English courser. His blood throughout is unexceptionable, and that portion of it from JANUS, invaluable. He is a horse of fine temper. On the road bold and fearless. Nothing can intimidate him; and in the stable he is quiet, peaceful, and easily governed by a boy. Some Kentuckians viewed him at my burg she procured a most discreet and excellent' This bill accords with the wishes of the Chesa-stable, since you were over, who were excellent |