vember, 1832, aged fifty-six.* Dr. Spurzheim was the

author of

The Physiognomical System of Drs. Gall and Spurzheim, founded on an Examination of the Nervous System and Brain, explained.

8vo. Lond. 1815.

Observations on the Deranged Manifestations of the Mind or Insanity. 8vo. Lond. 1817.

A View of the Philosophical Principles of Phrenology. 8vo.

Lond. 3rd edition. 1825.

The Anatomy of the Brain, with a general view of that of the Nervous System, translated by R. Willis, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1826. Phrenology; or the Doctrine of the Mind and of the Relations between its Manifestations and the Body. 3rd edition. 8vo. Lend.

1825.

Essai Philosophique sur la Nature Morale et Intellectuelle de l'Homme. 8vo. Paris. 1820.

Phrenology in Connexion with the Study of Physiognomy. Part I.

Characters. 8vo. Lond. 1826.

A View of the Elementary Principles of Education, founded on the Study of the Nature of Man. 8vo. Lond. 1828.

Outlines of Phrenology.

Examination of the Objections made in Great Britain against the doctrines of Gall and Spurzheim. 8vo. Edinb. 1817. A Catechism of Man.

GEORGE RICKETTS NUTTALL, M.D., was born in the island of Jamaica, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 12th September, 1809 (D.M.I. de Podagra). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1817, and died 25th August, 1831. aged forty-three.

WILLIAM SOMERVILLE, M.D., was descended from the ancient family of Somerville of Cambusnet han, a branch of the Somervilles of Drum, who were ennobled in 1424. He was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas Somerville, minister of Jedburgh, and was educated as a surgeon, in which capacity he entered the army. He was present at the taking of the Cape of Good Hope, and was sent by the authorities to make a treaty with the savage tribes on the border, who had attacked the Dutch farmers and carried off their cattle. On a second excursion with a similar object, he reached the Orange Athenæum, December, 1832.

river, and was the first white man who had ever been in that part of Africa. Subsequently he served in Canada and in Sicily under his friend Sir James Craig. He graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 27th June, 1800, and about 1813 was appointed head of the Army Medical Department in Scotland, when he settled in Edinburgh. In 1816 he was appointed one of the principal medical inspectors of the Army Medical Board of England, when it became necessary that he should remove to London. Dr. Somerville was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1817, on the 11th of December in that year was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and on the 13th November, 1819, was gazetted physician to Chelsea hospital in succession to Benjamin Moseley, M.D., deceased, an office which he retained for many years. He died at Florence on the 25th June, 1860, aged ninety-two. His name will descend to posterity as the husband of the most learned woman of her age, Mary Somerville, the distinguished mathematician and authoress, who survived him, and died at Naples, 29th November, 1872.

THOMAS MOORE, M.D., was born in the county of Meath, and graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1st August, 1815 (D.M.I. de Dysenteria). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1817.

THOMAS THOMSON, M.D., was born in Kent, and commenced his professional career in the army. He graduated doctor of medicine at Paris 1st February, 1816, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1817. He practised for several years in London, but eventually withdrew to Tunbridge Wells. He was admitted a Fellow of the College 11th July, 1843, and died at his residence, Belvidere, Tunbridge Wells, 4th August, 1853, in his seventy-eighth year, being then inspector-general of hospitals.

WILLIAM HENRY WILLIAMS, M.D., was born in

Gloucestershire, and, after a good school education, applied himself to the study of physic, which he pursued first at the Bristol infirmary, and then in London at St. Thomas's and Guy's hospitals. He became surgeon to the East Norfolk militia, and as such saw much home service. In 1795, when that regiment was encamped near Deal castle, he was appointed the senior of a number of surgeons, to whom was deputed the charge of several hundred Russian sailors suffering from malignant fever and dysentery. About 1797 he designed a tourniquet of such simplicity and efficiency, that it was at once adopted by the authorities, and named " Williams' Field Tourniquet," by the Army Medical Board in the printed directions for its use. It was ordered by the commander-in-chief, the Duke of York, to be employed in every regiment in the king's service both at home and abroad; and that non-commissioned officers, drummers, and musicians should be instructed in the use of it agreeably to the plan suggested by the inventor, so that in a regiment of one thousand men not less than one hundred and twenty individuals would be enabled to apply this tourniquet in losses of blood from the sword, the bayonet, or from gun-shot wounds. Before this, no regiment had more than two or four tourniquets, and none but the surgeon and assistant-surgeons were competent to apply it. About this time he entered himself at Caius college, Cambridge, and, as a member of that house, proceeded M.B. 1803, and M.D. 12th September, 1811. Some years before this Dr. Williams had settled at Ipswich, and in 1810 was ap pointed by Sir Lucas Pepys the physician-general of the army, to the charge of the South Military hospital close by Ipswich, then filled with soldiers just returned from Walcheren, and suffering with fevers, ague, and dysentery. On the completion of his service there he received a flattering letter from the Army Medical Board.* Dr. Williams was admitted a Candidate of

*Clarke, G. R., History and Description of Ipswich. 8vo. Ipswich, 1830, p. 488, et seq.

the College of Physicians 30th September, 1816, and a Fellow 30th September, 1817. He continued to reside at Ipswich, where he was universally respected; but he died at Sandgate, co. Kent, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health, on the 8th November, 1841. Dr. Williams was the author of

Hints on the Ventilation of Army Hospitals, and on Regimental Practice. 8vo. 1798.

A Concise Treatise on the Progress of Medicine since the year 1573. 8vo. 1804.

Animadversions on certain Cases of Consumption and Dropsy treated by the Foxglove. 8vo. 1807.

General Directions for the Recovery of Persons apparently dead from Drowning. 12mo. 1808.

Pharmacopoeia Valetudinarii Gippovicensis. 12mo. 1814.

Observations on Dr. Wilson's Tinctures, the Eau Medicinale, and other pretended Specifics for Gout. 4to. 1818.

SIR GEORGE LEMAN TUTHILL, M.D., was born in Suffolk, and educated at Caius college, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. in 1794, and was fifth wrangler of his year. Shortly after this he married, and having gone to Paris, was, with his wife, included among the numerous English detenus. After a captivity of several years, his wife was recommended to make a direct appeal to the generosity of the First Consul. Providing herself with a petition, she encountered Napoleon and his suite on their return from hunting, and respectfully presented her memorial. The result was propitious, and in a few days they were on their road to England. He then returned to Cambridge, proceeded A.M. in 1809, had a licence ad practicandum from the University, dated 25th November, 1812, and commenced M.D. in 1816. He was admitted an Incep

tor

Candidate of the College of Physicians, 12th April, 181_3; a Candidate 30th September, 1816; and a Fellow 30th September, 1817. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1818, and Censor in 1819, 1830. He received the honour of knighthood, 28th April, 1820. Sir George Tuthill was physician to the Westminster and to Bethlehem hospitals, both of which appointments he retained

of potassium, though not in the class of diseases in which it is now specially and so largely administered. Dr. Williams was the author of the article "Elementary Principles of Medicine," in the Encyclopædia Metropolitaua; and of a very valuable and original work, "Elements of Medicine: On Morbid Poisons." 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1836 and 1841.

AUGUSTUS BOZZI GRANVILLE, M.D., was born at Milan in 1783, and was the third son of Carlo Bozzi, the postmaster-general in that city. He was educated] in the first instance by the Barnabite fathers at Milan, then at the collegiate school of Merate, and in 1799, on the advice of the celebrated Rasori, a friend of his family, applied himself to the study of physic, and was entered at the university of Pavia. He spent three years there, attended the lectures of Rasori, Joseph Frank, Spallanzani, Scarpa, and Volta, and graduated doctor of medicine 28th August, 1802. After travelling for some time in Greece and other eastern parts, he visited Spain and Portugal, and at Lisbon, in March, 1807, joined the British squadron in the capacity of assistant-surgeon. In due course he rose to the rank of surgeon, and continued in the navy until 1813, when he retired on half-pay. Dr. Granville had a natural aptitude for acquiring languages and having made good use of the opportunities of doing so, which his travels had afforded him, was by this time master of many tongues. In addition to other avocations at this time, he acted occasionally as translator and interpreter to the Foreign Office, as courier and as foreign correspondent. Having determined to practise as a physician in London, he, with the consent of his family, assumed the maternal surname of Granville in addition to that of Bozzi, by which he had previously been known. By the advice of his friend, Sir Walter Farquhar, he applied himself to midwifery, and in 1816 proceeded to Paris, where he remained for eighteen months, studying midwifery under Capuron and Deveux at the Mater