lords petitioned his Majesty they may each of them have a writ of fummons, which was granted.

Feb. 17. A conference between the bishops and other divines concerning Armirianifm.

Feb. 19. A fecond conference.

A thanksgiving for the abatement of the plague, as had been obferved in London the 29th of January before.

The earl of Arundel being committed to the Tower by his Majefty during the feffion of parliament, without caufe fhewn, the lords addrefs the King to difcharge him (looking upon it as an invafion of their privileges) with which addrefs his Majefty complied.

Coaches were this year, ufed in London by the gentry.

The inhabitants of London, Westminster, &c. c. were commanded by proclamation to keep all their urine throughout the year, for making falt petre.

1626. Buckingham's conduct was examined by the house, and one Dr. Turner moved a queftion, Whether common fame be a good ground of proceeding for the houfe? which was approved.

The King demanded juftice of Turner, and was much offended with the commons.

March 29. The King fent for both houfes to Whiteball, and made a long fpeech, which the commons took offence at, and make a remonstrance.

Charles confented to the profecution of his favourite, and the commons acquainted the Duke with their defign, who avoided anfwering.

April 9. Sir Francis Bacon, lord Verulam, and viscount of St. Albans, died at lord Arundel's houfe at Highgate, where he had been about a week upon a vifit, being then about fixty-fix years of age, and was buried at St. Michael's church in St. Alban's, in pursuance of his will.

mortal. He was the greatest genius of the age, but the most corrupt judge that ever fat in the court of Chancery. He left neither wife nor child behind him, which makes his avarice the more unaccountable.

Articles preferred by the commons against Mr. Montague, one of the King's chaplains, for advancing Popish and Arminian tenets.

Articles of high treaton preferred in the houfe of lords by Sir Robert Heath, the attorney general, against the earl of Bristol, grounded on fome offences committed by the Earl in his negociating the match between the prefent King (while Prince) aud the infanta of Spain.

May 1. Articles were exhibited by the earl of Bristol against the duke of Buckingbam, in the houfe of lords, wherein the Duke was charged with being popishly affected, and endeavouring to pervert the Prince (now King) to the Romih religion, when he carried him into Spain.

The King, in a meffage to the lords, afferted the Duke's innocence, of his own certain knowledge.

May S. Articles of impeachment preferred against the duke of Buckingham, by the commons for feveral high crimes and misdemeanors, committed in his adminiftration; to which the Duke put in his answer.

Sir Dudley Diggs and Sir John Elliot, two of the members of the commons, who carried up the impeachment against the duke of Buckingham, were committed to the tower, for fome obnoxious expreffions that fell from them on that occafion, (the first begun, and the other ended the impeachment) but they were released foon after, and explained themselves.

May 11. The King went to the house of lords, and fpoke in favour of the Duke. The commons requested the lords to have the Duke taken into cuftody.

torney-general, which he executed with great applaufe. He was afterwards conftituted lord keeper and then lord chancellor, in which high ftation being charged with taking numberless bribes, he was adjudged by his peers [May 3, 1620] to pay a fine of 40,000l. to be imprisoned during the King's pleasure, and rendered for ever incapable of any office or employment.

The King, however, releafed him from the Tower, and fettled a fmall penfion on him, after which he retired to his chambers in Gray's-Inn, where he composed thofe works that will render his name im

university of Cambridge, at which the commons were offended.

They petition the King concerning Recufants, and prefented a lift of fifty-nine fufpected Papifts, who were in places of truft.

The commons made a remonstrance, at which the King published a proclamation forbidding the fame.

The King prevented the Duke from being accufed in the star-chamber.

June 11. The commons remonstrating against the Duke's continuing in the adminiftration, and against the King's taking

tunnage

tunnage and poundage, the parliament was diffolved without paffing one act; the fame day the earl of Bristol was again committed to the Tower, and the earl of Arundel confined to his own house.

The peers employed their good offices to reconcile the King and commons, and petitioned him to allow the parliament to fit longer.

A proclamation was iffued not to preach upon the points of Arminianifm either for or against them.

June 30. A declaration iffued, containing the caufes of his Majesty's dif folving the two laft parliaments.

An order of council iffued for levying tunnage and poundage, till confirmed to the King by parliament.

The King raised money by fale of the crown lands, by loans and by fhip money.

There were earthquakes in different parts of the kingdom, but did little damage.

July 1. The King difmiffed the Queen's French fervants, which occafioned a war with France.

July 5. He ordered a general faft to be held.

Charles raised the failors wages from fourteen to twenty shillings a month.

A commiffion was iffued to muster and arm the militia.

This year died the learned Lancelet Andrews, bishop of Winchester.

The king of Denmark, Charles's uncle, was defeated by count Tilly, which obliged the King to raise money by loans to aflift him.

The Papifts contributed freely to the loan, but the Puritans did not.

08. A fleet fent to the relief of the Rochellers was difperfed by forms.

Gentlemen were committed for refufing to pay the money required of them, by way of loan, for the King's fervice; and fome of the inferior fort were preffed for foldiers on their refufal.

In order to fit out a fleet, the maritime towns were commanded by council to equip a certain number of vefels. The city of London was rated at twenty fhips.

Chief juftice Crew was removed, on account of oppofing the loan, and his place was given to Sir Nicholas Hyde.

Soldiers were quartered in private houses. The doctrine of paffive obedience was preached by Dr. Sibthorp, and archbishop Abbot was fufpended for refufing to licence his fermons.

The parliament aflembled at Westminster.

1626-7. A letter was published at the calling of this parliament, under the title of A Speech without Doors.

1627. The king of France broke the treaty of peace, and seized on 120 English fhips.

Charles declared to his council the caufe of his making war with France.

March 31. The commons petitioned against recufants.

April 3. The commons refolve that no freeman ought to be confined by command from the King or privy council, unless by due course or warrant of law.

The King fent a meffage to the commons, that he was willing to acquiefce to any bill for the freedom of the fubject, upon which the commons voted him five fubfidies, and returned directly upon the grie

vances.

June 27. The duke of Buckingham, with 100 fail of fhips of all forts, and 7000 land forces on board, fet fail from Portf mouth, for the city of Rochelle in France, where being refufed admittance, he landed on the ifle of Ree, but not being able to make himíelf master of the fort La Prée, he returned to England in November, with fome difgrace, having loft one third of his troops without affecting any thing.

In this commiffion to Buckingbam, it was expreffed that this expedition was to reftore the king of Bobemia and his family.

Sir John Elliott, and several other gentlemen petitioned for their release, and brought their Habeas Corpus, but were remanded to prifon.

Numberless complaints were raised against the government and the duke of Bucking

bam.

The Duke fearful of being accufed, was the first that propofed calling a parliament.

1627-8, Jan. An order of council was iffued to release all gentlemen who were imprifoned on account of the loan, twentyfeven of which were chofen as reprefentatives to ferve in the parliament, and the loan was difcontinued.

His Majefty demands fupplies.

Mr. Secretary Coke in a speech to the houfe advifed them to go upon the fupplies.

The commons petition concerning the billeting of foldiers and redress of grievances. Alfo a petition of right, which they infifted upon prefenting as a bill.

A parliament was fummoned to meet the 17th of March.

March 17. The third parliament of this reign met, and preferred a petition of

Hight to his Majefty, praying that no loan or tax might be levied but by confent of parliament. 2. That no man might be imprifooed but by legal process. 3. That foldiers might not be quartered on people against their wills. 4. That no commiffions be granted for executing martial law. To which the King answered, I will that right be done according to the laws and cuftoms of the realm.

This and the following year a great number of baronets were created.

1628, April 17. A fiect under the command of the earl of Denbigh, set fail from Plymouth, for the relief of Rochelle, but returned without effecting any thing.

The King hindered the houfe from adjourning to Eafter, and preffed the commans for a fupply.

The commons refolved that fupplies and grievances go hand in hand.

The King fent a threatening meffage to the commons, which did him much injury.

April 28. He fent for both houses to Whiteball, and made à fpeech to them by the Lord Keeper.

Many meflages paffed between the King and the house of commons, concerning the fupplies, grievances, and the petition of right.

The houfe made refolves against the duke of Buckingham, archbishop Laud and Neile.

The King acquainted both houfes that the commiffion for raising money was cancelled.

Jure 7. Both houfes addreffed his Majeffy for a fuller anfwer to their petition of right, whereupon they received this fatisfactory anfwer, viz. Soit fait comme il eft defiré.

The commons in this feffions fell upon Dr. Manwaring, for his arbitrary doctrines, and he was fentenced to be imprisoned, and fufpended for three years, fined 1000l. and to make his fubmiffion, which he did with tears.

June 18. Dr. Lamb being mistaken for a dependant of the duke of Buckingham's, was murdered by the London mob, for which the city was afterwards fined.

June 26. The commons being about to remonftrate against his Majesty's receiving tunnage and poundage, the King came to the house of peers, and having paffed the act confirming the rights and liberties of the fubject, (as above demanded) and two other acts, whereby the clergy and laity respectively granted five entire fabfidies, VOL, I.

. the parliament was prorogued to the 20th of Otober, and then by proclamation to the 10th of January following.

Soon after the prorogation of parliament, the King published feveral proclamations,' one to fupprefs Dr. Manwaring's fermons, another to apprehend the bishop of Chalcedon and all the Romish priests and jefuits, who were taken and fent to Newgate.

The King appointed commiffioners to compound with the Recufants.

Sir Richard Wefton, a known Papift, was made lord treasurer, and afterwards earl of Portland.

Dr. Laud was tranflated from Bath and Wells to the bishoprick of London.

Dr. Montague, who had given offence by his book, was promoted to the fee of Chichefter.

Aug. The duke of Buckingham being at Portfmouth, equipping another fleet for the relief of Rochelle, was ftabbed by John Felton, a difcontented lieutenant.

Sept. 8. The fleet fet fail for Rochelle, under the command of Robert earl of Lindfey, but was obliged to return without effecting any thing; Rochelle was taken, and out of 15,000 perfons in the city, only 5000 remained alive, being ftarved with famine.

Charles caufed the thirty-nine articles of the church of England to be published.

The court endeavoured to gain the favour of the parliament.

Several merchants refufing to pay tunnage and poundage, were committed by the pri vy council, and their goods feized.

Mr. Chambers being committed for refufing to pay the duty of tunnage and poundage, brought his Habeas Corpus, and was admitted to bail.

Nov. 19. John Felton was executed at Tyburn, and hanged in chains, for the murder of the duke of Buckingham.

1628-9, Jan. 20. The parliament met, and fell immediately upon their grievances.

Jan. 21. The King made a fpeech to both houfes, declaring he did not claim tunnage and poundage as of right, but, de bene effe, and defired it might be fettled on him, as on his ancestors.

They folicited the King to proclaim a fast, and presented an addrefs of apology for their preferring the affairs of religion to any other article of business.

The commons proceed again on their grievances, and debate concerning the increase of Arminians and Papifts. And Mr. Pym moved, that a covenant might be

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be take, to maintain their religion and rights.

The commons declare they will proceed upon religion before the bill of tunnage and poundage.

Mr. Oliver Cromwell informed the houfe of the bishop of Winchester's countenancing Popery.

1

The officers of the customs being queftioned for detaining the goods of parliament men, for tunnage and poundage, the King fent the commons a meffage, that what the officers did, was by his order.

The commons vote the feizing Mr. Rolles's goods a breach of privilege.

Jan. 28. The King forbid the commons to meddle with religous matters.

March 2. The fpeaker being called upon to read a remonstrance, and put the queftion, faid he dared not, the King having commanded the contrary; and endea vouring to leave the chair, was held in by force, and the doors locked, till a proteftation was read, "That whoever should bring in innovations in religion, or feck to bring in Popery or Arminianifm; and whoever should advise the taking of tunnage or poundage, not granted by parliament, or that should pay the fanie, fhould be accounted enemies to the kingdom."

The King fent for the ferjeant of the houfe, but he was detained, the doors being locked. Then he fent the gentleman-ufher of the black rod with a meflage, but he was denied admittance, till the protest was read; after which the houfe in confufion adjourned to a certain day.

March 5. Warrants were iffued by the privy council for feizing the riotous members of the commons and Mr. Holles, Mr. Coriton, Mr. John Elliot, and Mr. Valentine, appearing before the council, refufed to answer for what was faid or done in the houfe, and were thereupon committed clofe prifoners to the Tower.

March 10. The King came to the houfe of peers, and in a fpeech declared, that the feditious behaviour of fome of the commons obliged him to diffolve the parliament, though he commended the behaviour of fome members of that house.

The parliament was diffolved after he had made his fpeech, without fending for the commons up, or any one aft paffed this feffion.

The King published a declaration, with his reafons for diffolving this parliament.

March 18. Charles-James, prince of Great Britain, born, baptized and died.

1692. A proclamation wherein his Ma jefty declared, be should account it prefump tion in any to prescribe to him the time for calling a parliament.

The marquis of Huntley, &c. being pro claimed rebels in Scotland, fledļinto England. May 29. Peace with France proclaimed. Refolutions of the judges, concerning the profecution of parliament-men, for misdemeanors committed in the house, &c.

An information exhibited in the Starchamber against the members in custody, viz. Sir John Elliot, Denzil Holles, Benjamin Valentine, Walter Long, William Cori ton, William Strode, John Selden, Sir Miles Hobart, and Sir Peter Hayman, for their undutiful fpeeches and actions in the late parliament.

Mr. Huntley, a parfon in Kent, fummoned before the high commiffion court, for refufing to preach a vifitation fermon.

Trinity Term. The members of parlia ment who were committed, brought their Hab. Corpora, to be admitted to bail.

Mich. Term. The parliament-men were offered to be bailed by the court, on giving fecurity for their good behaviour, which they refused.

Upon an information in the King's bench, they plead to the jurifdiction-of the court, but were over-ruled, and afterwards adjudged to be imprisoned during the King's pleasure. Being offered to be released on their fubmiffion, they refused; and Sir Job Elliot, with fome others of them, died in prifon.

The King propofed queftions to the judges concerning the imprifoned members.

A writing was published, entitled A propofal for bis Majesty's fervice, to bridle the impertinency of parliaments, which was declared in the Star-chamber to be a feditious libel.

The King's revenue decreafing, he enforced the levying of tunnage and poundage, and gave strict orders to have the militia, both horfe and foot armed.

An order was issued for raifing money, by compounding with recufants, and a commiffion for confirming defective titles.

The King being much freightened for money, his minifters propofed many projects, ridiculous, fcandalous, and grievous, the blame of which fell upon the King and the profit to others, infomuch that of 200,ocol. drawn by thefe means, fcarce 1500l. came to the King.

This year died George Carew, earl of Tetness, commander in the Irish wars

under

under queen Elizabeth; and John Speed, 'the hiftorian.

1630, April 12. Dr. Laud, bishop of London, made chancellor of Oxford.

For the better fettling of the church government, the King gave inftructions to the bishops against the Prefbyterians.

May 29. A fecond fon was born to king Charles, baptized by bishop Laud the 27th of June, and named Charles, afterwards king of England.

A bright ftar appeared, and fhone all that day.

Dr. Leighton, a Scotchman, profecuted for publishing a book, intitled, An Appeal to the Parliament; or, a Plea against Prelacy; for which he was fentenced to have his ears cut off, his nofe flit, &c. which was executed upon him after his having long refufed to make any fubmiffion.

The corporation for buying in impropriations, to be beftowed on preaching minifters, diffolved for breach of trüft.

The monopolies of falt, foap, leather, coals, pins, &c. were deemed great stretches of the prerogative alfo, and nothing but the laft neceflity could juftify thefe methods of raifing money, to which the King was reduced by the commons refufing him any fupply, even for the fupport of his houfhold.

The King ordered tunnage and poundage to be levied with great rigour.

Alderman Chambers, one of thofe that refufed to pay tunnage and poundage, was profecuted in the Star-chamber, for faying merchants were more fcrewed up and wronged in England, than in Turkey, and fined in 2000!.

July. The marquis of Hamilton was fent to the affiftance of Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, against the Emperor, in order to recover the Palatinate, for the prince Palatine, with 6000 men.

Nov. 27. Peace proclaimed with Spain. The abovementioned Mr. Huntley brought his action against feveral members of the high commiffion court, whereupon the King commanded the judges not co proceed against them; but the judges representing that it was against law, to exempt the commiffioners from anfwering Huntley's action, his Majesty defifted.

Laud in the confecrating of St. Catherine Cree church, made many innovations in the fervice.

The King's ordinary revenues not fufficing, he raifed money by compounding with those

who had neglected to receive the honour of knighthood; thofe that were worth fifteen pounds a year were to be made knights; thefe compofitions brought the King above 100,000l. to his treasury.

1631, April 25. Mervin lord Audley, earl of Caflebaven, convicted of fodomy and of affifting in a rape on his own lady, for which he was beheaded on Tower-bill, May 14, and two of his fervants hanged at Tyburn, July 6.

The King repaired the cathedral church of St. Paul, which had been burnt.

One hundred thousand pounds was collected this year, by Dr. Laud bishop of London, towards the repairing and adorning the cathedral of St. Paul.

Sir Robert Cotton, the great antiquary, and founder of the Cotten library, died this

year.

Sir Giles Arlington, fentenced by the high commiflion court, to pay 12,0col. for marrying his niece, and to give 20,000l. fecurity not to cohabit, or be in private with her.

Nov. 4. The lady Mary, eldest daughter to king Charles, born, who afterwards married the prince of Orange.

Nov. 28. A court of chivalry was erected for a trial by combat, between the lord Rea and David Ramfey, Esq.

Three doctors in divinity of the univerfity of Oxford, were expelled for preaching against Arminianifm, and others were turned out of their offices.

1632, Eafter Term. An information was brought against the city of London, for a riot in June 1628, wherein Dr. John Lamb was killed, and none of the offenders taken; the city confeffing the offence, was fined 1500 marks,

Part of London bridge burnt down.

Nov. 6. Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, killed at the battle of Lutzingen.

Now. 29. The king of Bobemia died, having had iffue by the princess Elizabeth, daughter of king James I. fix fons and five daughters, on the youngest of which daughters, the princefs Sophia, and her iffue, the crown of England was fettled by parliament, on failure of iffue of queen Anne.

Counsellor Sherfield profecuted for breaking a church window in Salisbury, on which the hiftory of the creation was painted, out of his zeal against popery, for which he was fined 5ool. by the Star-chamber.

Dec. 2. King Charles fell ill of the fmall-pox.

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The