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absolute contact with the stove, are heated by it, then ascending, in consequence of the decrease of their specific gravity, are replaced by others; but this is performed so slowly, that the stove is covered as it were by a blanket, and very easily becomes red hot. It was therefore conceived, that if the ascending heated air was inclosed in a tunnel of considerable perpendicular height, and that if all the air which would, in consequence of the ascending force of the column, tend to rush in at the bottom, was made to impinge upon all sides of the stove, it would cool the stove, by causing a much larger quantity to come in contact with it, be itself heated of course, and thus produce a very considerable rapid current of air.

"The experiment being first tried as above, in a building containing about 200,000 cubic feet of space, and containing a great number of windows, was found to answer completely; but the stove being made of cast iron, wrought iron plate was substituted in subsequent experiments, as being, for many reasons, much more eligible. In some recent experiments, the sides of the stove, as well as the walls surrounding it, have been built perpendicular, at the distance of about seven inches; and wrought iron tubes have been inserted into each hole of the side walls, as well as in the arch over the stove, like the nozles of so many bellows, which, by causing every particle of air that is admitted, to come twice in contact with the stove, is believed to be a material improvement."

Explanation of the Plate.

A. Is a front view of the brick-work, which supports and surrounds the cockle.

a. The holes in the brick-work for the entrance of atmospherical air.

b. An iron plate acting as a damper, by partially or wholly closing the end of the horizontal chimney, which is performed by turning the handle.

c. Around the circle of which it forms the centre, are figures to guide the servant to the necessary degree of elevation or descension of the damper.

d. The fire-place, or mouth of the cockle, which is made to slope into the brick-work.

e. The pit for ashes.

ff. Two rakes made of cast-iron, and fixt in a groove in the brick-work, on each side of the grate, for cleaning the chimney flue, or to keep open a small slit made through an iron bar the whole length of the cockle, in order to form the communication betwixt the flue and the inside of the cockle.

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g.g. Are two temporary bricks that shut up a space made for the reception of the soot raked from the flues.

A. 2. Shews the lower part, which has been presented in elevation.

B. Is a section of A.

a. The air holes.

(d.) The grate.

h. The cockle.

j. The space between the cockle and brick-work.

k. The brick-work tunnel for the conveyance of heated air. B. 2. Is a view of the fire-grate with the horizontal chimney. d. The grate.

1. I. 1. The chimney flues.

C. Is a transverse section of A.

m. The entrance to the fire-grate, or mouth of the cockle. d. The grate.

1. The chimney.

a. The air-holes.

k. The tunnel for heated air.

C. 2. Represents the passage of the smoke by the flues. The smoke rising from the fire to the top of the cockle, is forced down upon the fire, and passes off by two lateral branches, through a very narrow chink at the bottom of the cockle, into the horizontal chimney, which is carried into a vertical chimney, passing up by the side of the brick-work.

The cockle inclosed by brick-work, is placed in a small apartment, about seventeen feet below the wards to be warmed; the brick-work at the bottom is set about three inches from the cockle, but, as it is carried up perpendicular, will be five or six inches from it at the top, owing to the sides of the top of the cockle inclining inwards. The cockle is made of wrought plate iron, one-eighth of an inch in thickness, four feet square, and five feet high. The atmospheric air enters by an open window, passes through the holes in the brick-work, plays on the cockle, is heated, ascends, and, by the tunnel, is carried into a cavity, formed by making an underdrawing under the gallery of the upper rooms, leaving a space between the old ceiling and this underdrawing, two feet in depth, in the greater part seven feet broad, and 138 feet long; out of which arise tin tubes, about eight inches in diameter, proceeding into the separate apartments, two in the larger, and one in the smaller, the openings of which are closed, or partially opened by a cast-iron door, with a notched latchet.

A small fire in this cockle, should, when properly managed, warm about 200,000 cubic feet of space. The heat at the mouth

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of the tin flues should be about 120° Faren. and the air of the ward at 60°. The average quantity of coal daily consumed by the cockle, from the month of October to May, is about four cwt.; it is fed every hour, and the quantity nearly equally proportioned each time, till ten at night, when a larger quantity is required to last for the remainder of the night.

Nottingham, August 24th, 1807.

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H.

Some Observations on the Diagnosis between Fever and Phrenitis, and on the Nature and Treatment of those Diseases, in a letter to Dr Andrew Duncan, Jun. from Dr A. PHILIPS WILSON.

1

SIR,

HE following observations are addressed to you, in corsequence of an attempt lately made to prove, that fever and phrenitis are the same disease. Had this been the attempt of a trifling writer, it might have been passed over in silence; but supported as it is, in the work I allude to, by many plausible arguments, drawn from an accurate knowledge of the phenomena of fever, it is calculated, if the opinions maintained in it be erroneous, to do much mischief.

In the county where I live, in which fevers have long been more prevalent than in most other parts of England, the fatal effects of the practice to which it leads are now, after a full trial, generally admitted; for here, as in most other places, there was, at one time, a strong prejudice in favour of this practice; and it is only of late years that it has been wholly abandoned: but of this afterwards, for the importance of the subject will, I hope, excuse my treating of it at some length. I feel myself more particularly called upon for these observations, because, about the same time that the above work appeared, I laid before the public very opposite opinions, in an essay on the nature of fever.

Dr Clutterbuck's position, that fever consists in an inflammation of the brain, and is consequently of the same nature with

&c.

An Inquiry into the Seat and Nature of Fever, by Henry Clutterbuck, M. D

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