fucceffive years without any material illness, he never recovered his plumpness.

His features were fmall, but without the infignificance which commonly attends fmall features. His countenance was interesting, fenfible, and calculated to infpire reverence. His blue eyes had never been brilliant; but they expreffed the utmost humanity and benevolence; and when he spoke, the animation of his countenance and the tone of his voice were fuch as feemed to carry conviction with them even to the mind of a stranger. When he endeavoured to foothe diftrefs, or point out to any wretch who had ftrayed, the comforts of a virtuous life, he was peculiarly impreffive; and every thing that he faid had an air of confideration and fincerity.

"In his drefs, as far as was confiftent with his ideas of health and cafe, he accommodated himself to the prevailing fafhion. As it was frequently neceffary for him to appear in polite circles, on unexpect ed occafions, he ufually wore drefs clothes, with a large French bag: his hat, ornamented with a gold button, was of a fize and fashion to be worn as well under the arm as on the head. When it rained, a a fmall parapluie defended his face and wig. Thus he was always prepared to enter into any company, without impropriety, or the appearance of negligence. His drefs for fet public occafions was a fuit of rich dark brown; the coat and waistcoat lined throughout with ermine, which juft appeared at the edges; and a small gold hilted fword. As he was extremely fufceptible of cold, he wore flannel under the linings of all his clothes, and usually three pair of stockings.

He was the first man who ventured to walk the streets of London with an umbrella over his head: after carrying one near thirty years, he faw them come into general ufe.

"The precarious ftate of his health when he arrived in England from Ruffia, made it neceffary for him to use the utmost caution; and his perfeverance in following the advice of the medical practitioners was remarkable. After Dr. Lieberkyn, phyfician to the king of Pruffia, had recommended milk as a proper diet to restore his ftrength. he made it the chief part of his food for thirty years; and though it at firft difagreed with him, he perfifted in trying it under every preparation that it was capable of, till it agreed with his ftomach. He knew that exercife was neceffary to him, and he loved it. He was not one of thofe who had rather take a dose than a walk; and though he had commonly his carriage with him when he went abroad, he yet walked nearly as much as he rode, and with fuch a pace, that he used to fay he was always more incommoded in the streets by thofe he pailed, than by them who overtook him. By this rigid attention and care his health was establifhed, his lungs acquired ftrength and elafticity; and it is probable he would have lived feveral years longer, if the diforder, which was the immediate caufe of his death, had left him to the gradual decay of nature.

His mind was the most active that it is poffible to conceive; always on the wing, and never appearing to be weary. To fit still, and endeavour to give reft to the thought, was a luxury to which he was a perfect ftranger: he dreaded nothing fo much as inactivity, and that modern diforder which the

French,

French, who feel it not so much as ourfelves, diftinguifh by the name of ennui.

"He rofe in the fummer at four or five, and in the winter at feven; and having always bufinefs before him, he was every day employed till the time of retiring to reft; and when in health, I am told, was commonly afleep within two minutes after his lying down in bed. "Writing was his favourite employment, or rather amufement; and when the number of his lite rary works is confidered, and that they were the produce only of thofe hours, which he was able to fnatch from public butinefs, an idea may be formed of his application. He wrote a fine flowing hand to the laft, when he pleafed, without fpectacles. And he had always one or two of the clerks belonging to his office, or to fome of the charitable inftitutions in which he was engaged, to live in his houfe and affift him. When Doctor Goldfmith, to relieve himself from the labour of writing, engaged an amanuenfis, he found himself incapable of dictation; and after eying each other fome time, unable to proceed, the Doctor put a guinea in his hand, and fent him away: but it was not fo with Mr. Hanway; he could compofe fatter than any perfon could write. His mode was to dictate for as many hours together as he could spare, and afterwards correct the copy, which was again wrote out and corrected, perhaps feveral times.

"To write a fine hand very faft is a qualification which many perfons, not defective in abilities, do not attain; but to write very well, and with ftrict orthography from the verbal dictation of another perfon, without hefitation, will be found dificult by every perfon who

tries it. Yet all this Mr. Hanway required, and with it the utmoit difpatch. This made it neceifary for him to choose his affiftants, at an early age, while the mind is flexible, and to have them live in his houfe, and take pains to inftruct them. He had a very happy method of conveying inftruction; but the clofe application which he required at all hours, his impatience, and the natural turn of his temper, feldom fatisfied, not infrequently petulant, and always expreting his difapprobation in terms which had the appearance of ill-nature, were the caufe that but few of the youths he took under his care remained with him any length of time. If by attention, activity, and perfeverance, and a judicious felf-commendation, not too frequently af fumed, they could go on till they gained his confidence, he feldom failed to make them alert, ready at figures and writing, and honeft men. One of the two pamphlets on bread, which contains ninety octavo pages, two hundred law theets, I wrote from his dictation, in one forenoon, although there are feveral calculations in it of the proportionate produce of grain, when ground, dreffed, and baked.

"By leaving his work to tranfact his ordinary bufinefs, and af terwards recurring to it with new ideas, all his literary labours are defective in the arrangement of the matter, and appear to have too much of the mifcellaneous in their compofition. The original idea is fometimes left for the purfuit of one newly ftarted, and either taken up again, when the mind of the reader has almoft loft it, or it is totally deferted. Yet those who are judges of literary compofition, fay that his language is well calcu lated to have the effect he defired

on

on the reader, and imprefs him with the idea that the author was a man of inflexible integrity, and wrote from the pure dictates of the heart. It is plain and unornament ed, without the appearance of art, or the affectation of fingularity. Its greatest defect (fay they) is a want of concifenefs; its greatest beauty an unaffected and genuine fimplicity. He fpoke French and Portuguese, and understood the Rus and modern Perfic imperfectly: Latin he had been taught at fchool; but had not much occafion to cultivate it after he entered into life.

"In his natural difpofition he was cheerful but ferene. He enjoyed his own joke, and applauded the wit of another; but never defcended from a certain dignity which he thought indifpenfably neceffary. His experience furnished him with fome anecdote or adventure, fuitable to every turn the difcourfe could take; and he was always willing to communicate it. If in the hour of conviviality the difcourfe took a turn, not confiftent with the most rigid chastity, he was not forward to reprove or take offence; but any attack on religion, especially in the company of young people, was fure to meet his moft pointed difapprobation. In converfation he was eafy of access, and gave readily to every one the best answer which occurred: but not fond of much speaking himself, he did not always bear with patience, though commonly with filence, the forward and importunate; them with whom every man, and every thing is either the very best or the very worst poffible; who exemplify, for the inftruction of their auditors, thofe common ideas which it is not poffible could escape them; and think loudness, 1787.

and the gefticulation of unnecef fary warmth, can fupply the place of argument and politenefs. If the mirth degenerated into boisterous laughter, he took his leave: "My companions," he would say, "were too merry to be happy, or to let me be happy, fo I left them." He spoke better in public than was to be expected of one who wrote fo much, and pointed to his fubject; though he was fometimes feduced into an eulogium on the usefulness of the merchant, a character for which he entertained great rever ence.

"Although he himself never drank wine undiluted with water, he partook willingly of the joys of the table, and that felicity of converfation, which a moderate appli cation to the bottle excites among men of parts; but he knew how the love of company infatuates young people, and the danger to which it exposes them. The writer of thefe fheets is indebted to him beyond the power of expreffion, particularly for his advice, which he had the method of admi niftering without giving difguft; and he never received fo ferious a caution as when at a public meeting, at the defire of fir Jofeph An drews, he fung a fong better than Mr. Hanway expected.

"In his tranfactions with the world, he was always open, candid and fincere: Whatever he said might be depended on with impli cit confidence. He adhered to the ftrict truth, even in the manner of his relation, and no brilliancy of thought could induce him to vary from the fact; but although fo frank in his own proceedings, he had feen too much of life to be eafily deceived by others; and he did not often place a confidence that was betrayed. He did not,

G

how

however, think the world fo degenerate as is commonly imagined: "And if I did," he used to fay, "I would not let it appear; for nothing can tend fo effectually to make a man wicked, or to keep him fo, as a marked fufpicion. Confidence is the reward of truth and fidelity, and thefe fhould never be exerted in vain."

"His religion was pure, rational, fervent, and fincere; equally diftant from a cold inanimate languor, and the phantafies of fupernatural intelligence it was his refource conftantly in trouble, as was writing at the moment of imagination. He believed the truths revealed in the gofpel, with the most unvaried confidence; but fhewed no aufterity to perfons who fet the dictates of nature and experience in oppofition to them, if they appeared to doubt with a willingnefs to be convinced. He confidered religion as the most effectual restraint on bad actions; and although he rejoiced at the light which has been thrown by Mr. Voltaire, and other modern writers, on the fuperftition of former ages; he preferred even that, with its attendant cruelty and felfish nefs, to a comfortless fcepticism, and fometimes proceeded fo far as to exprefs his fears that the generality might one day become too enlightened to be happy.

"He knew well how much the happiness of mankind is dependant on honeft industry, and received a pleafure, but faintly defcribed in words, when any of the objects of his charity cleanly apparalled, and with cheerful and contented countenances, came to pay their refpects to him. He treated them as his acquaintances, entered into their concerns with a paternal affection, and let them know that on any real emergency they might

apply with confidence to him. It was this, rather than the large nefs of his gifts, that endeared him fo much to the common people: he never walked out but was followed by the good wifles, filent or expreffed, of fome to whom he had offered relief. To meet the eye of him whom he had obli ed, was to him the highest luxury; and no man enjoyed it oftener.

"Of his charity, it is not eafy to convey an adequate idea: it was of that prudent and confiderate kind, which is of the most fubftantial benefit. It did not confiit merely in giving; and though his heart was ever open to the complaint of the unfortunate, it required fomething more than mere fupplication to obtain his affittance. He was particularly careful to difcountenance the fashionable genteel way of begging by letter, in which talents capable of procuring fupport are held out as excuses for diftrefs. To him that had once deceived him by fictitious distress he was inexorable; but when real mifery, the effect of accident or inevitable misfortune, came in his way, he never failed to afford subftantial relief, which he was always enabled to do; for he had the diftribution every year of more than his own whole income amounted to. It is not the love of money, fo much as the love of eafe, which keeps clofe the coffers of the wealthy.

"When once Mr. Hanway had engaged in a public charitable undertaking, he omitted nothing that could poffibly tend to its promotion; no department was beneath him; his eye pervaded the whole fyftem, and, like that of Providence, never flopt whilst any thing remained to be done to further his benevolent defigns. He thought

every thing great which concerned the caule of humanity. The love of his fellow creatures fhewed itself in every action of his life. Bleffed with an elegant fufficiency, he feparated what was within his idea of enough, and looked upon the rest as appropriated, as a referve to fatisfy demands whenever they should be properly made. Diftref, not incurred by profligacy, was to his heart a claim of relationship; and he feemed to eftcem himfelf, what he most emphatically was, one of the chief inftruments of Providence, to alfit the indigent, infruct the ignorant, to reclaim the guilty, and keep the good from being discontented with their station in life. "Indeed nothing can more clear

ly evince the esteem which men entertained for his character, than the forrow they expreffed at his death. A long train of friends followed his bearfe, and affified in paying the laft mournful duties to the remains of a man they fo tenderly loved whilft living. Dr. Glatfe, one of his executors, read a part of the burial fervice over the corpfe, as great a part as his grief would mit him; and Dr. Markham, with whom he had lived in friendship for a long feries of years, in a very pathetic difcourfe recalled to the minds of their mutual friends affembled on this folemn occafion in the church at Hendon, the virtues of the benevolent man they had loft.

HAIK Daher, whoin our time,

the Porte, was an Arabian by birth, defcended from one of thofe tribes of Bedouins who ufually encamp on the banks of the Jordan, and the environs of Lake Tabaria, (the ancient Tiberias). His enemies are fond of reminding us that in his youth he was a camel driver; but this circumftance, which does honour to his abilities, by fuggefting the difficulties he must have en countered in his rife, has befides in this country nothing incompatible with a diffinguished birth; it is now, and always will be, ufual with the Arab princes, to employ themfelves in occupations which

appear to us mean. Thus I have

obferved that the hairs

themfelves guide their camels, and look after their horfes, while their wives and daughters grind the corn, bake the bread, wafh the linen, and fetch water, as in the times of A braham, and Homer; and this fimple and laborious life, poffibly, contributes more to happiness than that liftlefs inactivity, and fatiating luxury which furround the great in polished nations. As for Daher, it is certain that he was of one of the moft powerful families of the country. After the death of his father Omar, about the beginning of the prefent century, he divided the goverpment with his uncle and two C 2

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