specting the poison of hydrophobia, which deserves attention. He recommends the butter of antimony, as capable of destroying the infection in the wound by chemical amcity.

Citizen POTEL has discovered, that oxygenated muriatic acid gas may be employed with the greatest advantage in all cases of asphyxia. Several rats, which had been found drowned, being placed within the action of some of this gas, were speedily resuscitated: he repeated the experiment on the same rats, and on several cats, with equal success; he even made some experiments on himself, which were crowned, with success. The Academy of Dijon has appointed commissioners to as, certain the property of this gas, in cases of apparent sudden death.

Count RUMFORD, since his return to Munich, bas procured the institution of a society for conversation and reading, somewhat on the plan of the Royal Institution of Great Britain. It is denominated the MUSEUM. Its first public meeting was on the 4th of November.

An order has appeared at Vienna, by which all public libraries and reading institutions are prohibited from lending any works of VOLTAIRE, ROUSSEAU, BOYLE, HELVETIUS, &c. to their supporters.

In pp. 136 and 191 of our first volume, We gave some account of Dr. GALL's Lectures on Skuls. His disciples name this new science Encephalo-cranioscopy. It consists in ascertaining the faculties. of the soul by the configuration of the skull. The author of this theory considers the brain to be the material organ of the internal faculties, and that the size and situation of the brain, which is different in every individual, very early makes an impression on the substance of the skull, producing certain indentings and elevatigas, from feeling which we may draw Conclusions relative to certain correspond

ing powers and dispositions of the soul. This science differs from that of physiognomy, in that no attention is paid in it to the solid and soft parts of the countenance, and the traits and lineaments of the face. Dr. Gall's researches have already discovered to him, as he imagines, the organs of a great variety of faculties, such as the tenacity of life, the instinct of self-preservation, the external senses, attachment and friendship, courage, cunning, the love of glory, the love of truth, the sense for colours, numbers, music, &c. the metaphysical spirit, the spirit of satire, mildness, theosophia, &c. &c. The curious reader may see an account of all these organs, as they exist in man or other animals, in two papers, Art. xiv. and xxii. of vol. xiv. of Tilloch's Phil. Mag. translated from the French of Dr. Bojanus, in his of Dr. Gall," printed in the Magazin En"Short View of the Cragnionomic System of courage; Dr. Gall makes the space of cyclopedique. To instance in the organ

about an inch above and behind the ear the seat of this orgau. It contributes to enlarge the size of the head, and to separate the ears from each other. It is very striking in the hyæna, the lion, the wolf, the wild boar, &c. while the ass, the grey-hound, the sheep, and the hare, which are distinguished by their timidity, are entirely destitute of this organ. In mettlesome horses the back part of the head is very broad, because in them the organs of courage are very much deveJoped, a circumstance which has not escaped the attention of horse-dealers. This system, it has been apprehended, favours materialism; and, on this account, the author was for some time prohibited from reading his lectures, as our readers have been already informed, (Christ. Observ. vol. i, p. 136). This apprehension, however, appears to be without foundation. The residence of the soul may be so modified, as to affect the inhabitant very variously in different persons; yet thought and will must still remain infinitely different from ány modifications of matter. Thought may, indeed, be assisted or impeded by the physical organization; and the will may also find in one branch of duty great difficulties thrown in the way by physical organization, and in another little or no difficulty; and this is conformable to our constant experience. But in this there is nothing incompatible with the accountableness of man for his state and actions; while Christianity proposes to him means and motives adequate to the resistance of all his physical propensities to evil.

M. LICHTENSTEIN has been lately employed at Brunswick, in decyphering the inscriptions on some of the Persian and Babylonian bricks. Of one of the inscriptions he has given a metrical translation, which proves to be a discourse addressed by a priest to some women, who were lamenting the dead. M. Lichtenstein is oc

GUSTAVUS VASA conceived the magnificent plan of joining the Baltic with the North Sea, by connecting a chain of lakes; the Malar, the Hjelmar, and the Wenner, which are not far disjoined; and which, with the river Gotha, would form a communication, extending from Stockholm to Gothenburg. It was begun by Charles XII. and the attempt was at different times resumed in the succeeding reigns, and large sums of money were foolishly squandered without making any solid advancement. The undertaking was recently transferred to a company of merchants, interested in its success, and who subscribed liberally, on the prospect of a toll granted to them. Under their management, the canal was prosecuted, and has been completed in five or six years. It is certainly one of the grandest works of the kind that has been executed, and reflects great credit on the spirit and ingenuity of the Swedish nation. To form a just idea of the difficulties surmounted, we must not consider the length of the canal, so much as its great width, the frequency of the locks, and the refractory nature of the materials in which the excavation is made. It is cut through a hill, or continued rock, of the hardest granite, by the force of gunpowder and the usual operations of mining. The canal has nine locks, with the inter

mediate basons, of which the depth is about 16, and the breadth 22 feet; it can, therefore, admit ships of very large burthen.

M. EDELCRANTZ, Soon after the establishment of Telegraphs in France, is said to have invented one which appears to be the simplest and most complete yet devised. He has written a pamphlet on the subject, which has been translated into French. His principle is different from that adopted in France, and is founded on the application of the binary arithmetic of Leibnitz. The mechanisin of his Telegraph is stated to be admirable for its facility and precision. Any person may learn in a few minutes to perform exactly all its manœuvres; and yet, by very slight changes, the signals are susceptible of an astonishing number of combinations. A line of telegraphs upon his principle is extended from Stockholm to the frontiers of

Russia. Dispatches are hereby transmitted, when the state of the weather, or the weakness of the ice across the gulph of Bothnia, renders the passage of that gulph dangerous.

TURKEY.

Letters from Bassora of the 17th of June, from the British Consul at that place, and Dr. Milne, Physicjan to the Factory, addressed to Dr. De Carro, of Vienna,

confirm the happy result of the Vaccine Inoculation, which has been introduced into several parts of the East, by the zeal of Dr. De Carro. This beneficial practice has found its way both to Bassora and Bagdad.

NORTH AMERICA,

On Tuesday, the 14th of September, was held the first Meeting of all the Governors of the NEW UNIVERSITY OF KING'S COLLEGE, at WINDSOR, in Nova SCOTIA, incorporated by His Majesty's Royal Charter, bearing date the 12th of May, 1802. They consist of his Excellency Sir John Wentworth, Bart. 1.L. D. &c. Upon this occasion, the charter was publicly read in the College Hall. It establishes" at Windsor, in the Province of Nova Scotia, one College, the Mother of an University, for the education and instruction of youth and students, in arts and faculties, to continue for ever, and to be called King's College; by the name and style of The Governors, President, and Fellows of King's College, at Windsor, in the Province of Nova Scotia.'"

In a Memoir, printed in the last volume of the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Dr. BARTON has prov ed, by a variety of facts, that the motions of birds, which have been attributed to a fascinating power in the eyes of serpents, are, in reality, intended to drive away the reptiles from the young of the birds, or to divert their attention from the nest. He asserts, that the rattle-snake is not a hardy animal; that a very slight stroke on any part of its body disables it from running at all; and the slightest blow on the top of the head is followed by instant death. The skull-bone is remarkably thin and brittle. The substance of this Memoir is confirmed in another paper by M. DE BEAUVOIS who asserts also, from his own observation, that the young rattle-snakes conceal themselves in the belly of the female, at the approach of danger, into which they enter by the mouth.

In the same volume, Mr. HECK WALDER gives avery curious account of the instinct of a bird called the Nine Killer. It appears that this bird-hawk, as it is called by some persons, catches grasshoppers, and sticks them on sharp thorny bushes or trecs, as baits for other smaller birds, on which the Nine Killer lives. It is asserted by the common people, that this bird practises the catching and sticking-up nine grasshoppers a-day; and, as they know it does not live on insects, they believe it must employ itself in this manner for its amusement. Some naturalists, among whom is Mr. Heckwalder, have taken pains to watch the progress of the business; and there seems little reason to doubt, that the grasshoppers, which are always placed in their natural position, are stuck as baits for the animals which serve for the Nine Killer's food.

THEOLOGY.

COUNSEL for Christians. A Sermon, preached October 24, 1802, by the Rev.

B. Caddick.

An Abridgment of the Bishop of Lincoln's Elements of Christian Theology; containing Proofs of the Authenticity and Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; a Summary of the History of the Jews; a Statement of the Contents of the Old and New Testaments; an Account of the English Translations of the Bible, and of the Liturgy; and a Scriptural Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles. By Samuel Clapkam, M. A. Svo.

Sermons on the Parables. By John Farrer, M. A. pol. 2, 8vo.

Select

Sermons on Various Subjects. ed, abridged, and translated, from P'Année Evangélique of F. J. Durand. By the Rev. Richard Monkhouse, D. D. 8vo.

Characters of Virtues and Vices. By Dr. Joseph Hall, Bishop of Norwich, from his collected Works published in 1614. No. I. To be continued Weekly, and completed in five Numbers.

The first Volume of Dr. Doddridge's Works, royal octavo, including the Author's Life. By Mr. Job Orton. With Additional Notes from Dr. Kippis; the Kise and Progress of Religion in the Soul; Christianity, founded on Argument, in Three Letters; and an Address to the Master of a Family, on Family Religion; with an elegant Portrait, engraved by Braus bite.

The Certainty of the Resurrection, argued from the Nature of Christ's Mediatonal Kingdoin. A Sermon, preached at Castlegate, Nottingham, May 5, 1802, before an Association of Ministers, and printed at their request. By Edward WilTrims, D. D.

MISCELLANIES.

Astronomical and Geographical Essays; containing the general Principles of Astronomy, the Use of the Globes, &c. illustrated by Sixteen Plates, in 8vo. By the late George Adams, Mathematical Instrument Maker to his Majesty. The Fifth Edition. Revised and improved by William Jones. Parental Education; or, Domestic Lessons. A Miscellany intended for Youth. By E A. Kendall, Esq.

Maternal Instruction; or, Family Conversations on Moral and Entertaining Subjects; interspersed with history, Biography, &c. Designed for Youth. By Eli

zabeth Helme. 2 vols. 12mo.

A Key to Chambaud's Exercises; being a correct Translation of the various Exer

cises contained in that Book. By E. J. Voisin.

Lecteur François; ou, Recueil de Pieces en Prose et en Vers. Par Lindley Murray, 12mo.

Elementa Grammatica Ciceroniana; or, an Introduction to Latin Grammar, founded principally on the Authority of Cicero. By the Rev. Calvis Winstanley, A. M.

Practical Observations on Surgery, with Cases. By William Hey, Esq. F. R. S. Senior Surgeon of the General Infirmary, at Leeds, Svo.

A Letter to Lord Auckland, on the Abuses in the General Post Office.

A Second Letter to the Hon. Charles James Fox, M. P. and Professor of Morals and Politics in the French National lustitute. By William Cobbett.

A Few Days in Paris; with Remarks characteristic of several distinguished Personages.

or, Critical

The Edinburgh Review; Journal, No. I. To be continued quarterly. Annals of Philosophy, Natural History, the Mechanical and Fine Arts. By several Chemistry, Literature, Agriculture, and Gentlemen. To be continued Annually. Volume the Second, for the Year 1801.

The New Annual Register, for the Year 1801.

Observations on the present relative Situation of Great Britain and France, November, 1802.

The Speech of the Right Hon. Henry Addington, Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the Opening of the Budget, December 10, 1802.

The Speech of R. B. Sheridan, Esq. on the Motion for the Army Establishment, December 8, 1802.

Poems, including the Restoration of the Jews, a Seaton Prize-poem, the Destruction of Babylon, and many Translations into English and Latin. By the Rev. F. Wrangham, A. M.

FRENCH BOOKS IMPORTED.

Examen de l'Esclavage en général et des Négres en particulier, 2 vol. 8vo. Analyse du Voyage en Egypte, par Denou, 8vo.

Chansonnier de l'Amour, 18mo. Etat Commercial de la France; 3 vols. 8vo.

Histoire de la Canne et Precis sur les Moyens de la cultiver, et d'en Extraire de Sucre, de la rafiner, &c. &c. Par Dutrone, 8vo.

Nouvelles Observations sur-les-Abeilles, adressées à Charles Bonnet, par Huber,

The following is an Abstract of the Account recently published by the SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, of the Progress of their Missions in the EAST INDIES, since the Publication of the lust Report. (See Christ. Observ. vol. 1, p. 129.)

THE Rev. Mr. Gericke, in a letter dated Vepery, near Madras, October 9, 1800, states, that the difficulties he had been put to, in re-building Cuddalore Church, he had been enabled to surmount by means of the salary he had received from government, for attending the sick, and officiating at the Naval Hospital. For his services at the Naval Asylum, where the Admiral himself had often attended, he piously observes, they had been well rewarded by the attention paid to them.

At Madras, in the Malabar con. gregation, there had been baptized, during the year 1799, 26 children and 9 adults, and on Easter Day there had been 108 communicants. Besides Malabarians, there had been baptized 49 children, and 63 had communicated on Easter Day. Three converts had also been received from popery. At Cuddalore, Negapatam, Pullicat, Samulcotta, and Jagemaikpooram, there had been baptized in the same year 72 children and 7 adults.

Mr. Gericke, in another letter, dated February 7, 1801, expressed himself greatly rejoiced to learn that the society was endeavouring to provide another missionary, and it was his prayer that he might prove to be of a truly apostolical character. In the Southern countries, several new congregations had recently sprung up, At Dindegal, a chapel had been erected at the expense of the congregation; and at Madura, that popuTous capital, a chapel was about to be built. Mr. Gericke's advice to make Satianaden, the country priest, an itis

nerant teacher, had been attended with a particular blessing. Some hundreds had been instructed and baptized by him. But this blessing encreased his care and anxiety how to provide all these places with faithful labourers. To Dindegal a catechist had been sent to nurture the new congregation. For Madura, they had not yet found one. Satianaden was then at Tanjore, and was thence to go to Mudalore, where a number of families, who had been instructed by the catechists, were waiting to be baptized by him.

During the year 1800, Mr. Gericke remarks, that in the Madras Malabar congregation, 29 children and 5 adults had been baptized, and 143 had communicated on Easter Day; and of other nations, 37 children and 7 adults had been baptized, and 63 had communicated. At Cuddalore, Negapatam, Vellore, Arnee, Madura, Dindegal, Sadras, and Pullicat, 68 children and 12 adults, had been baptized.

Mr. Gericke, in another letter, dated July 7, 1801, states, that he had been to Tanjore, to meet Satianaden, and to confer with him and the missionaries on the concerns of the mission. In the course of his journey, Mr. Gericke had stopped at Tranquebar, to confer with the brethren there, how best to provide for the institutions they had so much at heart. On the capture of Tranquebar, by the English, he returned to it, and went with them to the commandant, and delivered a statement concerning the mission. The answer sent by government was very favourable.

Mr. Gericke states, that the missionaries at Tanjore had been, and were still in trouble, through the rebellion in the South; that the congregations had suffered great afflictions; had been plundered, confined, and tortured; that some of the chapels had been destroyed, and the books burn

mory."

The Rajah's letter contains a request that the Society would erect a monu ment of marble in his capital, to be fixed to the pillar next to the pulpit from which he preached, to perpetuate the memory of Father Swartz, "and to manitest the great esteem I have for the character of that great and good man, and the gratitude I owe him, my father, my friend, the protector and gardian of my youth." "May you," he adds, "Honourable Sirs, ever be enabled to send to this country such missionaries as are like the late Rev. Mr. Swartz." With this request of the Rajah, the Society have thought proper to comply.

The Rev. Mr. Pohle, in a letter dated Trichinapolly, 16 February, 1501, states, that having been in in diferent health, he had had the kind assistance of the Rev. Mr. Ball, at the Garrison, and his Catechists had officiated in the Malabar and Portugrze congregations. When unable to leave home himself, his Catechists had been more frequent in their visits to the natives around the country, and several heathens instructed by them, had been baptized by Satianaden, the Tanjore country priest, who had performed all ministerial acts among the Christians of those parts. During the year 1800, 52, including 9 adults, had been baptized by him and Satianaden; 9 had been received from popery, and 124 persons had commuicated. In the English school were scholars, in the Malabar 15. The Malabar congregation consisted of 231, the Portugueze of 60: at Dindegal, the Malabarians and Portugueze together made upwards of 70. Mr. Foute expressed his gratitude to God for all the mercies they had experienced, and particularly for the enjoyment of peace amidst surrounding

war.

The Rev. Messrs. Kolhoff and Holzberg, in a letter, dated at Tanjore, 13 March, 1801, lament the loss tained by the death of M. Joenicke; CHRIST. OBSERV. No. 13.

and they sensibly feel the laborious charge of attending congregations 250 miles from Tanjore, which are also encreasing more and more. Satianaden had at Madura, Dindegal, and other places, diligently sowed the good seed of the word of God, and the divine blessing had attended his labours. Besides attending to their local duties, they had themselves made several journies westward, visiting the Christians in different places, whom they catechised and instructed in all the saving truths of the Gospel; and embracing all opportunities of conversing with the Heathens, to convince them of their errors. At Buddalore, 12 miles west of Tanjore, where there is a numerous congregation, they had erected a house of prayer, sufficient to contain 300 persons. Dawasagayam, an able and faithful Catechist, was stationed there, and they had appointed one of the Seminarists to assist him. In the course of the year, they had received several visits from the brethren at Tranquebar, Messrs. John and Crammerer, and had received much comfort and edification from them. The encrease of the congregation in 1800, was as follows: 46 children baptized, 94 heathens properly instructed and baptized, and 17 converts from the Romish communion. The four schools were continued. In the Malabar school were 162 children, consisting of 18 Seminarists, 55 out-scholars, 45 boys maintained by the mission, and 44 girls. In the English school, were 10 boys; and in the schools at Tanjore and Cumbagonam, 40. The Lord's Supper had been administered to 324 persons.

The Rev. the Danish Missionaries, in a letter, dated at Tranquebar, 22 February, 1801, state, that amidst some distressing circumstances, they had not been without others tending to produce that rejoicing in the Lord which furnished support under calamities. Not only the Rajah of Tanjore, and the Resident, Mr. Torin, had shewn very kind dispositions to wards them, but the Collector, Mr. Harris, had furnished some much wanted accommodations to the country Catechists, and had likewise published an order that the Christians might not again be prevented from attending on Sundays upon divine service, nor be molested in any respect, on account of their religion: G