the College of Physicians 30th September, 1816, and a Fellow 30th September, 1817. He continued to reside at Ipswich, where he was universally respected; but he died at Sandgate, co. Kent, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health, on the 8th November, 1841. Dr. Williams was the author of

Hints on the Ventilation of Army Hospitals, and on Regimental Practice. 8vo. 1798.

A Concise Treatise on the Progress of Medicine since the year 1573. 8vo. 1804.

Animadversions on certain Cases of Consumption and Dropsy treated by the Foxglove. 8vo. 1807.

General Directions for the Recovery of Persons apparently dead from Drowning. 12mo. 1808.

Pharmacopoeia Valetudinarii Gippovicensis. 12mo. 1814.

Observations on Dr. Wilson's Tinctures, the Eau Medicinale, and other pretended Specifics for Gout. 4to. 1818.

SIR GEORGE LEMAN TUTHILL, M.D., was born in Suffolk, and educated at Caius college, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. in 1794, and was fifth wrangler of his year. Shortly after this he married, and having gone to Paris, was, with his wife, included among the numerous English detenus. After a captivity of several years, his wife was recommended to make a direct appeal to the generosity of the First Consul. Providing herself with a petition, she encountered Napoleon and his suite on their return from hunting, and respectfully presented her memorial. The result was propitious, and in a few days they were on their road to England. He then returned to Cambridge, proceeded A.M. in 1809, had a licence ad practicandum from the University, dated 25th November, 1812, and commenced M.D. in 1816. He was admitted an Inceptor Candidate of the College of Physicians, 12th April, 1813; a Candidate 30th September, 1816; and a Fellow 30th September, 1817. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1818, and Censor in 1819, 1830. He received the honour of knighthood, 28th April, 1820. Sir George Tuthill was physician to the Westminster and to Bethlehem hospitals, both of which appointments he retained

to his death, which occurred at his house in Cavendishsquare, from inflammation of the larynx, on the 7th April, 1835. He was buried at St. Alban's.* Sir George Tuthill was a sound classical scholar and a good chemist. He was one of the most active members of the committee for the preparation of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1824, and was responsible for the language of the work itself. An English version of that work by Sir George Tuthill appeared coincidently with the original. He was also engaged on the Pharmacopoeia of 1836, but died the year before it appeared. before it appeared. "Under a cold exterior, Sir George Tuthill carried a very warm heart, and was much beloved by his patients and friends. He was peculiarly straightforward in his transactions, and was always actuated by the finest feelings of a gentleman and honourable man. His friendship was not readily given; it was never slightly withdrawn. Sir George was strictly a sententious speaker; he spoke in quick, short sentences, seldom uttering a word more than the occasion required, or omitting one that was necessary."t

BENJAMIN ROBINSON, M.D., was born at York. He graduated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh, 13th September, 1802 (D.M.I. de Hernia inguinali), and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 30th

"Erant in Tuthillio plurimæ litteræ, nec eæ vulgares, sed reconditæ. Erant illi ex severâ disciplinâ derivata et penitùs animo infixa ea Matheseôs principia, quæ ad philosophiam colendam planè necessarià sunt. Testes est Cantabrigia, quæ primi ordinis honores ei detulerat. Testes vos estis, qui in Pharmacopoeiâ ista olim condendâ, et in alterâ jam in lucem proditurâ auxilium ejus apprimè utile cognovistis-et quicquid è chemiâ feliciter hauserat summâ modestia summo tamen studio prolatum. Erat in illo, porrò, gravitas sine severitate, et cunctatio quædam respondendi, ut nihil non consideratum exiret ab ore. Accedebat, etiam, judicium acre, limatum, exercitatum et benignitas quædam et clementia quæ eum ad mentis morbos tractandos præ cæteris aptum habilemque reddiderant." Oratio ex Harveii Instituto auctore Henr. Halford, Bart. 1835.

† Gent. Mag., July, 1835.

September, 1817. Dr. Robinson was elected physician to the London hospital, 7th July, 1818, and died at his house in New Broad-street, 15th October, 1828, aged fifty-two.

WILLIAM KETTLE, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh, of 1817 (D.M.I. de Dysenteria), was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 30th October, 1817.

ROBERT WILLIAMS, M.D., was born in London, and educated at Trinity college, Cambridge. As a member of that house he proceeded M.B. 1810, M.D. 1816. He was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the College of Physicians, 12th June, 1816, a Candidate 23rd December, 1816, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1817. He was Censor in 1831, and was declared an Elect on the 20th March, 1844. Dr. Williams was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital, in 1817, and retained that office until his death, which occurred at his house in Bedfordplace, Russell-square, on the 24th November, 1845. Dr. Williams was a physician of extensive attainments, and a good classical scholar. His character as a physician was misunderstood during his life, and was misrepresented after his death. He is said to have been a timid practitioner, but this is not correct. Dr. Williams

was distrustful of the evidence on which alone very many articles of the materia medica in daily use repose for justification of their presence in the pharmacopoeias, and he subjected many of these, and most of the new remedies, to a searching examination in the wards of the hospital. He had early imbibed a strong opinion in favour of the efficacy of specifics in the cure of disease, and was always more or less engaged in seeking them, and he was sanguine in the belief that in time we should discover specific remedies for many maladies which are now considered irremediable. It was in the course of these inquiries that Dr. Williams discovered the powers of iodide of potassium over secondary syphilis, and he it was who introduced into English practice the bromide

of potassium, though not in the class of diseases in which it is now specially and so largely administered. Dr. Williams was the author of the article " Elementary Principles of Medicine," in the Encyclopædia Metropolitaua; and of a very valuable and original work, "Elements of Medicine: On Morbid Poisons." 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1836 and 1841.

AUGUSTUS BOZZI GRANVILLE, M.D., was born at Milan in 1783, and was the third son of Carlo Bozzi, the postmaster-general in that city. He was educated in the first instance by the Barnabite fathers at Milan, then at the collegiate school of Merate, and in 1799, on the advice of the celebrated Rasori, a friend of his family, applied himself to the study of physic, and was entered at the university of Pavia. He spent three years there, attended the lectures of Rasori, Joseph Frank, Spallanzani, Scarpa, and Volta, and graduated doctor of medicine 28th August, 1802. After travelling for some time in Greece and other eastern parts, he visited Spain and Portugal, and at Lisbon, in March, 1807, joined the British squadron in the capacity of assistant-surgeon. In due course he rose to the rank of surgeon, and continued in the navy until 1813, when he retired on half-pay. Dr. Granville had a natural aptitude for acquiring languages and having made good use of the opportunities of doing so, which his travels had afforded him, was by this time master of many tongues. In addition to other avocations at this time, he acted occasionally as translator and interpreter to the Foreign Office, as courier and as foreign correspondent. Having determined to practise as a physician in London, he, with the consent of his family, assumed the maternal surname of Granville in addition to that of Bozzi, by which he had previously been known. By the advice of his friend, Sir Walter Farquhar, he applied himself to midwifery, and in 1816 proceeded to Paris, where he remained for eighteen months, studying midwifery under Capuron and Deveux at the Mater

nité, and the diseases of women and children at the Hôpital des Femmes and the Hôpital des Enfants. Returning to London, he settled in Savile-row, and on the 22nd December, 1817, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, and in 1818, a fellow of the Royal Society. Through the recommendation of Sir Walter Farquhar and several distinguished persons, English and foreign, to whom he had become known in the course of his travels abroad, he soon got into practice as an accoucheur, and for several years enjoyed a considerable business in that department. Twice had he to visit Russia in his medical capacity, first in 1827, in charge of the countess Woronzow to St. Petersburg; and secondly in 1849, to attend the princess Tezernicheff, the wife of the Russian Minister of War at St. Petersburg, in her confinement.

In 1835, Dr. Granville's attention was attracted to the mineral waters, first of Germany and then of England, the more important of which in both countries he personally visited and minutely examined. Becoming convinced of their value in the treatment of disease, he devoted himself, with characteristic energy and determination, to making them more generally known and appreciated in this country than they then were. His work, "The Spas of Germany," became, in some sort, the text-book for those seeking information on the subject, and its author the great authority to whom invalids in England resorted for guidance in the selection of a spa suited to their individual cases. In 1841, ap

peared his work on the English Waters and Health resorts, "The Spas of England and Principal Sea Bathing Places," in three volumes. Very early in the course of his investigations, Dr. Granville formed a high opinion of the value of the Kissingen waters, and from the year 1840 down to 1868, was in the habit of spending about three months of every year, from June to September, as a practising physician at Kissingen, after which he returned to London for the remainder of the year. In 1858, he paid a flying visit to Vichy and its