The Outlines of Mineralogy. 2 vols. 8vo. 1809.

A Geological Essay on the Imperfect Evidence in Support of a Theory of the Earth, deducible either from its General Structure or from the Changes produced on its Surface by the operation of Existing Causes. 8vo. 1815.

An Answer to a Charge against the English Universities in the Supplement to the Edinburgh Encyclopædia. 8vo. 1818.

An Introductory Lecture to a Course on Comparative Anatomy illustrative of Paley's Natural Theology. 8vo. 1824.

The Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man, principally with reference to the Supply of his Wants and the exercise of his Intellectual Faculties. 8vo. Lond. 1833, being the second of the Bridgewater Treatises.

Observations on Medical Reform. 8vo. 1841.

Further Observations on Medical Reform. 8vo. 1842.*

WALTER ADAM, M.D., was born in Edinburgh and graduated doctor of medicine in the university of his native city 1st August, 1816 (D.M.I. de Catalepsi). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians of London 16th March, 1818, and a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh 2nd November, 1819. Dr. Adam was the author of

The Osteological Symmetry of the Camel. 4to. Lond. 1832.

BENJAMIN CRUTTALL PIERCE, M.D., a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1st August, 1817 (D.M.I. de Bronchocele), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 16th March, 1818. He settled in the city (of London) and for many years enjoyed an extensive and lucrative business. In 1835 he succeeded to an ample fortune, and on the 15th June in that year received permission to take the surname and bear the arms of Seaman, quarterly with those of Pierce. He then withdrew from the practice of physic.

WILLIAM DANSEY, M.B., was born in Dorsetshire and educated at Exeter college, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 12th May, 1814; A.M. 12th June, 1817; M.B. 1st April, 1818. He had a licence ad practicandum from the university dated 1st April, 1818, and was admitted an Inceptor-Candidate of the * Alumni Westmonasterienses, p. 437.

College of Physicians the 25th June following. On the 30th September, 1820, he requested and obtained permission to withdraw his name from the list of inceptorcandidates, and sometime afterwards received ordination in the church of England.

DUNCAN MACARTHUR, M.D., was born in Glasgow in 1773, and educated as a surgeon, in which capacity he entered the navy and saw much service. He was created doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen 1st March, 1810, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1818, and a Fellow 10th July, 1841. He was physician to the fleet and for many years physician to the Royal Naval hospital at Deal. Dr. Macarthur died at Deal 16th January, 1855, aged eighty-two.

JAMES BLUNDELL, M.D., was born in London, 27th December, 1790. He received his general education from the Rev. Thomas Thomason, A.M., and at the usual age commenced the study of medicine at the United Borough hospitals, under the immediate direction of his uncle, Dr. Haighton, the celebrated obstetrician and physiologist. He went next to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine the 24th June, 1813 (D.M.I. de Sensu, quo Melos sentitur), an ingenious and original essay, in which he endeavoured to prove that the senses for music and of hearing are distinct though dependent. Dr. Blundell returned to London, and in 1814 began to lecture in conjunction with Dr. Haighton, on midwifery, and two or three years after commenced a course on physiology. He succeeded Dr. Haighton as lecturer at Guy's hospital, and for many years commanded the largest midwifery class in London.* He ceased to lecture in 1836. Dr. Blundell was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1818 and a Fellow 6th August, 1838.

We owe to him,

* Pettigrew's Medical Portrait Gallery. Vol. i.

Researches, Physiological and Pathological, instituted principally with a view to the improvement of Medical and Surgical Practice. 8vo. Lond. 1825.

-a work of great original research, which paved the way to those bolder feats in abdominal surgery, which are among the triumphs and boasts of the present age. There have appeared also from Dr. Blundell's pen, but under the editorship of Thomas Castle, M.D.,

Principles and Practice of Obstetricy; with notes. 8vo. Lond. 1834.

Observations on some of the more important Diseases of Women. 8vo. Lond. 1837.

JOHN ASHBURNER, M.D., was born in Bombay, where his father was in high position as a member of the supreme council of that presidency. At an early age, he was sent to England and placed under private tuition. He commenced the study of medicine in Dublin, and was a diligent student of anatomy under Dr. Macartney. From Dublin he moved to Glasgow and Edinburgh, and at the last-named university graduated doctor of medicine 1st August, 1816 (D.M.I. de Hydrophobia). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1818, and on the death of Dr. Adams, in 1818, was appointed physician to the Small-pox hospital, which office he resigned in 1824, shortly after which he went to India in some civil capacity. Returning to England, he resumed practice in London, and applied himself especially to midwifery, became physician to queen Charlotte's lying-in hospital, and physician accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital, and lecturer on midwifery at St. Thomas's hospital. His later years have been devoted to the study and practice of mesmerism, to some of the extremest pretensions of which he has given an unhesitating belief. He is the author of

Dentition, and some coincident Disorders. 18mo. Lond. 1834. Facts in Clairvoyance extracted from the Zoist, with Observations on Mesmerism and its Application to Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1848.

On Spirit Rapping; a Letter to G. J. Holyoake. 8vo. Lond. 1853.

Reichenbach's Researches on the Dynamics of Magnetism, Electricity, &c., in their relations to Vital Force; with a preface and notes by John Ashburner. 8vo. Lond. 1851.

Notes and Studies on the Philosophy of Animal Magnetism and Spiritualism, with Observations on Catarrh, Bronchitis, Rheumatism, Gout, Scrofula, and Cognate Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1867.

WILLIAM MACMICHAEL, M.D., was born in 1784, in Shropshire, and was the son of a banker at Bridgnorth, in that county. The failure of this bank at the time when Dr. Macmichael was about to commence his career was a great embarrassment to him. He was educated at the Bridgnorth grammar school and at Christchurch, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 21st March, 1805; A.M. 8th April, 1807; M.B. 12th May, 1808. In 1811, he was elected to one of the Radcliffe travelling fellowships, and in that capacity passed several years abroad, in Greece, Russia, Moldavia, Wallachia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Palestine, &c. He was also for a short time physician to Lord Londonderry while ambassador at Vienna. He graduated M.D. at Oxford, 27th June, 1816, and was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1816, and a Fellow 30th September, 1818. He then settled in London, was Censor in 1820 and 1832, Registrar from 6th February, 1824 to 1829, and Consiliarius 1836. Dr. Macmichael was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital in May, 1822, but resigned his office there in November, 1831. In 1829, he was appointed physician extraordinary to the king; in March, 1830, librarian to the king in succession to Dr. Gooch, deceased; and in May, 1831, physician in ordinary to the king. For these appointments he was indebted to the active friendship of Sir Henry Halford, by whom he was also patronised in practice, but with less result than might have been expected in a person of such ability and varied attainments as were those of Dr. Macmichael. Sir Thomas Watson, one of the very few of Dr. Macmichael's friends who still survive, writes to me as follows:-" Dr. Macmichael was fond of society, and qualified alike to enjoy and to

embellish it. Having travelled long and seen many cities and the manners of many men, he possessed a large stock of general information, was fertile in various and amusing anecdote, and was wont to mix, with a certain natural ease and grace, in lively and interesting discourse, without making his own share in it unduly prominent. His cheerfulness, equanimity of temper, and kindness of heart, endeared him to a large circle of devoted friends, of whom a very few only, at the time of this writing, survive to commemorate his engaging qualities, and to regret his loss." An attack of paralysis about two years before Dr. Macmichael's death, compelled him to withdraw from active life. He retired to Maida-hill, where he died 10th January, 1839, aged fifty-five. He was the author of two delightful biographical works, "The Gold-headed Cane," and "The Lives of British Physicians," in Murray's Family Library, and of

A Journey from Moscow to Constantinople in the years 1817, 1818. 4to. Lond. 1819.

A New View of the Infection of Scarlet Fever: illustrated by Remarks on other Contagious Disorders. 8vo. Lond. 1822.

A Brief Sketch of the progress of Opinion upon the Subject of Contagion, with some Remarks on Quarantine. 8vo. Lond. 1825. Is the Cholera Spasmodica of India a Contagious Disease? The Question considered in a Letter to Sir Henry Halford, Bart., M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1831.

JOHN HAVILAND, M.D., was descended from an old family in the island of Guernsey, one member of which settled as a merchant at Poole, in Dorsetshire, in the reign of queen Elizabeth. The posterity of this merchant have resided chiefly in Somersetshire. Dr. Haviland was the only son of one of them, John Haviland, esq., of Gundenham, co. Somerset, by his wife, Mary, daughter and co-heiress of the Rev. Samuel Codrington Glover, vicar of St. Mary's, Bridgewater. He was born 2nd February, 1785, at Bridgewater, and educated at Winchester. In 1803 he was matriculated at Cambridge as a member of St. John's college, of which society he subsequently became a fellow. He proceeded