Farnese, Elisabeth, second wife of
Philip V. of Spain, 280, 364, 389;
her ambition, 321, 322; grievance
against England, 322, 323; abandons
Gibraltar, 337; and the treaty of
Seville, 338; ambition of, 371, 372;
eclipse of her power, 413.
Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambray (Fran-
çois de Salignac de la Mothe), 115.
Ferdinand, Prince, commander-in-chief
of the " 'army of observation," 454-
456; British confidence in, 460; at
battle of Minden, 460-462; defeated
at Korbach, 471.

Ferdinand VI., makes overtures to Eng-
land, 413.

Fergusson, Robert, "the plotter," 38.
Fetteresso, 260.

Fielding, Henry, and the liquor trade,
422, 423; and "Bow Street runners,
429; his literary style, 491.
Filmer, Sir Robert, writer, 105.
Finch, Lord (Daniel Finch), afterwards
Earl of Winchelsea, 450.

Finchley, militia muster at, 395.
Findlater, Earl of. See Seafield.
Finisterre, battle of, 415.
Finisterre, cape, 284.
Fitzgerald, Thomas (Geraldino), 359.
Flamsteed, John, 479.

Flanders, French lines in, 15, 81, 82;
states of, 83; French army in, 115;
war in, 129, 135; French, 150, 158;
recall of troops from, 221; at the
feet of France, 388.

"Fleet marriages, the," 428.

Fleming, Hon. Charles, Jacobite, 136.
Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun, 94, 100.
Fleury, Cardinal, 325, 350, 378, 379.
Florence, court of, 21.
Florida, 322.

Floyd, David, Jacobite, 262.
Fog's journal, 336.

Fontenoy, battle of, 386-388.
Forbes, Brigadier John, 456, 458.
Forbin, Claude de, French admiral, 136.
Forde, Colonel Francis, Indian service
of, 475, 476.

Fornelles, castle of, 121.

Forster, Thomas, junior, 248, 250;
rebel commander, 252; surrenders,
253; escapes, 265.
Fort William, 246.

Forth, Firth of, 100, 136, 247, 251.
Fontainebleau, treaty of, 376.
Fox, Henry, first Lord Holland, de-
fends Walpole, 376; secretary at war,
412; relations of, with Newcastle,
430, and Pitt, 435; favourable to sub-
sidies, 437; threatens to retire, 445;
and Gibraltar question, 447; invited to

form administration, 450; a lord of
the treasury, 378; secretary of state,
419, 441.

France, declaration of war against, 5;
its army, 8; and Alsace, 11; projected
invasion of south of, 18; Dutch trade
with, 26; law of inheritance in, 73;
misfortunes of, 81; projected invasion
of 91, 92, 155, 158, 181, 182, 187; ap-
prehended invasion by, 97, 103; trade
of with Scotland, 107; treaty between
Austria and, 109; and Venice, 112;
concessions demanded from, 121; ex-
haustion of, 145, 146; to retain Stras-
burg, 147; its trade with Holland, 148;
rupture of negotiations by, 149; and
the Dutch demands, 150; recalls its
troops from Spain, 156; union of with
Spain, 185; Spanish commercial pri-
vileges to, 187; its first commander,
188; succession to, 196; peace with
205; treaty of commerce with, 206,
207; Bolingbroke favours alliance
with, 225; Robethon a refugee from,
230; and the overtures for peace, 235;
and Dunkirk, 240; Ormonde lands in,
244; Jacobites escape to, 262; hos-
tility of William III. to, 226; warned
by George I., 265; its woollen manu-
facture, 273; pretender to leave, 277;
comes into the Quadruple alliance
(1718), 280; crippled by the Missi-
sippi scheme, 287; defensive alliance
with England and Spain (1721), 310,
321; philosophy in, 315; alienated
from Spain, 323; joins in the treaty
of Hanover, 324; proposed dismem-
berment of, 325; and the treaty of
Hanover, 326, 327, 330; joins in
treaty of Seville (1729), 338; grow-
ing friction with Great Britain, 339;
declares war against Charles VI., 349;
acquires the reversion of Lorraine,
350; and "family compact," 353-364,
377; and Maria Theresa, 372; griev
ances of, against Great Britain, 378;
fails the Jacobites, 398-400; influence
of, in India, 431-432; clashes with
English interests in North America,
432-434; isolation of, 439; alliance
of, with Austria, 440; changed inten-
tions of, 444; joins Russia and Austria
against Prussia, 453.

Francis of Lorraine and Tuscany, hus-
band of Maria Theresa, acknowledged
emperor by Prussia, 389.
Franconia, 16, 53.
Franquenies, 80, 81.

Fraser, Simon, of Beaufort, afterwards
Lord Lovat. See Lovat.
Fraser, the clan, 252.

Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, |
King of Poland, 113.

Frederick I. of Prussia, etc. See
Prussia.

Frederick IV. of Denmark, etc. See
Denmark.

Frederick, Prince, afterwards Prince of
Wales, 228; and a Prussian marriage,
311, 326, 327; vote of money for,
335; created Prince of Wales, 342;
becomes active in politics, 355; pa-
tronises Pitt, 361; death of, 424.
Frederick William I. of Prussia. See
Prussia.

Fredericksborg, treaty of, 287, 311.
Freind, Dr. John, writer, 129.
French East India Company, 474.
French fleet, 59, 61, 88, 112, 136, 137
French Protestants, 32, 141.
French wines, consumption of, 24.

Gaeta, siege of, 380.
Gainsborough, Thomas, 496.
Galway, Earl of (Henri de Massue de

Ruvigny), British general, 63, 85, 88,
89, 90, 92, 109, 110; at Almanza, 110,
III; ambassador at Lisbon, 120, 129,
179.

Gardening, landscape, rise o1, 495-496.
Gardiner, Colonel James, killed, 394.
Garrard, Sir Samuel, 164.
Garrick, David, 489.

Gassion, Jean, alias Ogilvie, spy, 134

n. I.

Gaultier, Gautier, the abbé, 174, 175,
186, 187, 211, 212, 217.
Gell, servant to Marlborough, 10.
Genappe, 77.

General elections, (1702) 25; (1705) 84;
(1708) 138; (1710) 174; (1713) 210;
(1715) 232, 233; (1722) 306; (1727)
335; (1734) 384; (1741) 368; (1747)
416; (1753) 429.

Genoa, 90, 110, 112, 129, 389, 413
Genoese, envoy at Madrid, 21; policy

of the, 389-390.

George I. (George Lewis, Elector of
Hanover), 70; imperialist com-
mander-in-chief, 114, 155; and the
tory party, 144; resigns command,
158; and Harley's ministry, 178,
183; opposed to the peace pre-
liminarics, 190; supports Marl-
borough, 192; declines invitation of
whigs, 203; continues at war with
France, 205; favours the whigs, 212;
indifferent to Oxford's overtures, 214;
and Schütz, 216; becomes next in
succession to the crown, 217; his visit
as prince to England, 222; his ac-
cession, 223; loan offered to by

533

Marlborough, 224; his life, 226; his
character, 227, 228; enters London,
229; indifferent to the succession,
231; unpopularity of, 237, 238;
Bolingbroke and, 241, 242; oaths
of allegiance to, 243; overtures of
the Duke of Orleans to, 244; clans
loyal to, 247; hostility of Charles
XII. to, 249; speech to parliament,
264, 265; quarrels with the Prince
of Wales, 270; reconciled, 271;
purchases Bremen and Verden, 272,
274, 275; arrests Swedish ambas-
sador, 275, 276; apprehensive of
Russia, 277; jealous of the Prince of
Wales, 278; disputes with Walpole,
278, 279; anxious for investiture of
the duchies, 280; and Sir G. Byng,
281, 282; parliament and, 284; dis-
like for Peter the Great, 285, 311;
and the pacification of the north,
286, 287; scheme for alienating
Hanover, 290, 304 n. 1; favours
the peerage bill, 292; appoints lords
regent, 296; and the South Sea
Company, 297; returns to England,
298; libels on, 304; plot to seize,
307; Lord Macclesfield a favourite
of, 331; death and character of, 332,
333, 334; compact with George II.,
336; clemency, 308; pardons Bo-
lingbroke, 309; and the Platen
marriage, 310; against Carteret's
foreign policy, 311; supports Wal-
pole against Bolingbroke,
creates Alan Brodrick a peer, 315;
and the treaty of Hanover, 325; his
friction with Prussia, 326, 327; on
the surrender of Gibraltar, 337; and
the French Protestants, 339; and the
marriage of Prince Frederick, 342;
authorities on, App. I., 509-511.
George II. (George Augustus, Duke
of Cambridge, Electoral Prince of
Hanover, afterwards Elector) at
Oudenarde, 117 and n. 1, 228; de-
mand for writ of summons of, 216;
Prince of Wales, 228, 233, 238, 271,
278; affronts the Duke of Newcastle,
289; retires to Leicester House, 290;
forms a party, 291, 297; plot to seize,
307; his friends impeach Macclesfield,
332; his accession, 334, 335; com-
pared with George I., 336; early
years of, 341; supports the excise
bill, 346; supports the empire against
France, 350; for relief to dissenters,
354; chooses wife for Prince of
Wales, 355; relations of, with Freder-
ick, Prince of Wales, 356-357; influ-
ence over, of Queen Caroline, 357-358;

312;

attitude of, towards Walpole, 361;
and Maria Theresa, 367, 372; the
Hanoverian troops, 373; he heads his
troops, 375; attitude of, towards Car-
teret, 382; and the Pelhams, 411;
attitude of, towards Pitt, 412, 445, 446;
his electoral policy, 420-421, 436,
439; on Pelham's death, 430; and
convention of Westminster, 448; on
Admiral Byng, 449-450; he resolves
to form a Ministry, 450-451; death of,
472, 477; character of, 478; authori-
tics on, App. I., 511-516.
George of Denmark, Prince, lord high
admiral, 19; provision for, 27, 40;
and occasional conformity, 32, 62,
123; his council, 125, 128, 130; and
the queen, 133; dislikes Somers, 138;
his death, 139, 161.
George, Prince of Wales, afterwards
George III., 2, 424.

George William of Celle, 227.
Georgia, colony of, 343, 376.
German ministers of George I., 332 and

Gertruydenberg, conferences at, 157,
159, 170, 186, 187, 206.
Gheet, the Great, 76, 80.
Gheet, the Little, 76, 80.

Ghent, 8, 116, 118, 119, 199, 237; sur-
render of, 388.

Gibbons, Grinling, sculptor, 497.
Gibbs, James, architect, 497, 498.
Gibraltar, Rooke ordered to take, 12;
taken, 60, 61, 62; besieged by
Spaniards, 64; England and, 78;
Marshal Tessé at, 85; negotiations
as to, 187; troops from, 189; to be
held, 195; formal cession of, 206;
Stanhope ready to surrender, 281,
309; Spain demands, 322, 323, 328;
alliance to recover, 325, 328; be-
sieged by Spain, 330, 336; siege
abandoned, 337; demand for, waived,
338; question of, 376, 442, 443, 447-
448.

Gibraltar, Straits of, 19.

Gin act, the, 350, 351.
Gladsmuir. See Prestonpans.
Glasgow, 104, 255, 320; attitude of,
towards the young pretender, 395.
Glencoe, Massacre of, 103.
Glenfinnan, 391, 392.

Glenshiel, battle of, 284.
Gloucestershire, address from, 27.
Godolphin, Sidney, Lord (afterwards
Earl of), 1, 2; lord treasurer, 3; for
war, 4; and whigs, 26, 67, 68;
action on the occasional conformity
bill, 37; and Scottish plot, 39; as
financier, 40, 45; and Nottingham.
42; and a middle party, 43, 44; and
St. John, 46; on Rooke's victory, 62;
on Lord Galway, 63; the High Church
party and, 66; and the war, 69; in-
difference to religious questions, 73;
on Dutch credit, 84; Shovell and,
92; and the Scots, 95, 96, 97; and
the commons, 99; selects commis
sioners for union, 101, 107; plans
invasion of S. France, III; resolute
for war, 115; his success, 122; re-
commends Sunderland, 123; created
an earl, 124; and the junta, 125;
and Harley, 126, 127; and the first
parliament of Great Britain, 128;
attacked by Rochester, 129; betrayed
by St. John, 130; and Harley, 131-
133; Ker of Kersland and, 135; and
Jacobite prisoners, 137; supports
Somers, 138; offers resignation, 139;
compromises with whigs, 140; his
correspondence with St. Germain's,
143; borrows from the bank, 155;
and the junta, 160; friction with the
queen, 161; and Mrs. Masham, 163;
nicknamed Volpone, 165; at New-
market, 170; deceived by Shrews-
bury, 171; is dismissed, 172, 175;
alienation of Somers from, 173;
patron of Addison, 177; Peterborough
and, 179; accused of conspiracy, 194;
protest against ministerial action, 199;
Anne's affection for, 222; death of,
223.
Gordon, 246.

Gordon, Alexander, Jacobite general,
255, 261.

Gordon, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gordon),
184.

Gordon, Duke of (George Gordon), 246,
255.

Görz, Baron, Swedish minister, 275,
276, 283, 285.

Görz, Baron von Schlitz-, Hanoverian
minister, 226.
Gothenburg, 249, 277.

Gower, Lord, privy seal, 370, 383.
Grafton, Duke of (Charles Fitzroy),
307, 315, 316, 346.

Gramont, Duke de, at battle of Dettin-
gen, 374-375.

Granby, Marquis of, "the mob's hero,"

462; commander of the British con-

at Warburg, 472.
Grant, the clan, 262.

Grantham, Earl of (Henry Nassau
Auverquerque), 28.
Gray, Thomas, 485.

Graydon, John, vice-admiral, 18, 41.
Great Britain, commercial interests of,
5; sympathises with Cevennois, 20;
poor rates, 142; Protestant refugees
in, 141, 142; contemplated union
with Ireland, 143; Holland and, 146;
demands Newfoundland, 147; and the
evacuation of Spain, 155; feeling in,
196; Jacobites in, 239, 249; estranged
from France, 240; discontent in, 241;
grievances against Sweden, 274; Al-
beroni plans invasion of, 281, 283;
preparations against invasion, 284;
crippled by the South Sea bubble,
287; Ireland and, 313, 314; protests
against the Ostend Company, 322;
trade of and the treaty of Vienna,
323; concludes treaty of Hanover
(1725), 323, 324; debt of to George
I., 333; alliance with France and
Spain (treaty of Seville), 337, 338;
growing friction between France and,
339.

Green, Thomas, merchant-captain, 100.
Greenrig, 250.

Greenshields, 201.

Greenwich, 228, 229, 331.

Greg, William, betrays state

ments, 131, 132, 133.
Gregorian Calendar, the, 423.

docu-

Grenville, George, 356, 383, 430; trea-
surer of the navy, 446.
Grenville, James, 446.

Grenville, Richard. See Temple, Earl.
Griffin, Lord (Edward Griffin), 136.
Gross Heppach, 51.

Guadalaxara, 89, 90.
Guadarrama Mountains, 89.
Guardian, The, 213.
Gudina, 156.

Guelderland, Spani.h, or Upper, 16,

18, 186.

Haddock, Admiral, in war with Spain,
361-363, 368, 371.

Hague, receipt of news of William III.'s
death at the, 3; Archduke Charles
arrives at, 23; Marlborough arrives
at, 49, 75, 78, 79, 91; leaves, 113,
157, 178; Petkum minister at the,
119; letter of Marlborough from, 123;
Marlborough at, 170; British envoy
at, 186; Chesterfield at, 335.
Hainault, 82.
Haine, river, 152.
Halifax, Lord, afterwards Earl of
(Charles Montagu), omitted from the
privy council, 4; charged with ir-
regularities in accounts, 34; disposi-
tion, 36; financial talent, 40, 122;
one of the junta, 67, 83, 92, 122; and
Marlborough, 125, 160, 161; Sir
James Montagu, brother of, 133;
patron of Prior, 177; opposes Ox-
ford's ministry, 191; and the demands
of France, 196; denounces "the re-
straining orders," 199; opposed to
the commercial treaty with France,
207; created an earl, 229; death of,
238, 248.

Halifax, second Earl of (George Mon-
tagu-Dunk), 429.

Hallam, Henry, historian, 353.
Halley, Edmund, 480.
Hamburg, 272.

Hamilton, fourth Duke of (James
Hamilton), 94, 103, 105, 106, 136,
204; killed in a duel, 205.
Hamilton, general, in Swedish service,

249.

66

Hamilton, Sir David, physician, 179.
Hamilton, William Gerard, 'single
speech Hamilton," 438.
Hampshire, 347.
Hampton Court, 278.
Hanau, 374, 375.

Handel, George Frederick, 355; the
Dettingen Te Deum, 377; George II.'s
favourite, 489.

Hanmer, Sir Thomas, his "representa-
tion," 194; deserts the Jacobites, 207;
votes against the commercial treaty
with France, 208; on Marlborough's
retirement; 223 n. 1; speaker, 225;
refuses office, 230; displaced from
speakership, 233; defends Schism

Act, 291.

Hanover, 216, 224, 310, 316, 323, 331,
332.

Hanover, court of, 217, 225, 277, 285,
311.

Hanover, Elector of, Ernest Augustus,
226. See also George I. and George

Hanover, Electorate of, joins the grand
alliance, 7; house of, 40, 70, 106, 150;
Marlborough and Eugene visit, 115;
English resident at, 183; Prince Fre-
derick at, 228; jealous of Prussia, 230;
visits to, 271; nervous of Russia, 273 ;
and Sweden, 274, 275, 286, 287; and
Prussia, 286; Craggs at, 301; George
I. visits, 308; relations of, to Prussia,
311; and to the empire, 325; interests
of, 333, 350; interests of, opposed to
British, 364; the treaty of neutrality,
367, 368; British attitude towards,
372-373, 377; the neutrality vio-
lated, 381; and abandoned, 385;
Pitt's attitude towards, 437, 438; it
is abandoned to France, 453.
Hanover, house of, 216, 222, 280, 331.
Hanover tories, the, 171, 208, 214, 215,

Schütz, Kreienberg.
Hanoverian troops, at Malplaquet, 153;
in English pay, 226; at Vienna, 226.
Harcourt, Henri, Duc d', marshal of
France, 189.

Harcourt, Sir Simon, attorney-general,

afterwards lord, 130, 133, 139, 168,
174; lord keeper, 177, 179, 194; allied
with Bolingbroke, 209; chancellor,
209, 220; at trial of Oxford, 288; ex-
cluded from act of grace, 289; leads
tories in lords, 302.
Harding, printer, 318.
Hardwicke, Earl of (Philip Yorke), chief
justice, afterwards chancellor, 352,
353; against war, 377;

attacks

Carteret's policy, 382; his "heritable
jurisdictions" bill, 409; his "mar-
riage act," 428; for war, 359; cre-
ated an earl, 430; resigns chancellor-
ship, 446; opposes enlistment of
Highlanders, 448.

Hardy, Sir Charles, Admiral, 456-457.
Hare, Dr. Francis, afterwards Bishop
of Chichester, 177.

Harley, Edward, auditor of the ex-
chequer, 172, 180, 181, 184, 210, 295.
Harley, Robert (afterwards Earl of
Oxford), 2; speaker, 25, 40; releases
De Foe, 32; moderation of, 36, 42,
43, 44; and St. John, 46; and the
tories, 66; and the war, 69; selects
commissioners for union, 101; and
De Foe, 103; his correspondents in
Scotland, 104, 106; secretly advises
Anne, 123, 124, 125, 126; and Mrs.
Masham, 126, 127; betrays Godol-
phin, 130; has audiences of the

queen, 131; Marlborough denounces,
132; and Greg, 132; resigns, 133,
134, 138; his intrigues, 160, 162;
nicknamed Janus, 165; supports
Sacheverell, 166, 169; his method
with the queen, 170; intrigues with
Mrs. Masham, 172; chancellor of the
exchequer, 173; his ministry, 174;
overtures to Marlborough, 175; and
the press, 177; and the clergy, 178;
and the extreme tories, 180, 181;
stabbed by Guiscard, 182, 183, 235;
created Earl of Oxford, etc., 183;
difficulties of, 184; and the South
Sea company, 185; negotiates with
France, 186; approaches Marl-
borough, 189, 190; Plunkett and,
194; and the Asiento, 195; and the
succession to France, 197; and St.
John, 198; denies separate negotia-
tions, 199; inspirer of De Foe, 200;
opposes dissolution of union with
Scotland, 202; intrigues against Bol-
ingbroke, 203; supports the treaty of
commerce with France, 207; ap-
proaches the Hanover tories, 208;
increasing weakness, 209; deserted
by Lady Masham, 210, 216; his advice
to the pretender, 211, 212; and the
Elector of Hanover, 214; consents to
purge the army of whigs, 216; favours
the Hanoverian succession, 217; em-
barrassed by the schism bill, 218;
promotes an inquiry into Bolingbroke's
conduct, 219; dismissed, 219; charges
Bolingbroke with corruption, 220;
hopes from George I., 222; and Marl-
borough, 223, 224; reception of by
George I., 229; does homage, 232;
allusion to, 233; impeached of high
treason, 235, 236; sent to the tower,
237; popular with Jacobites, 238;
his son-in-law arrested, 248; Lech.
mere and, 269; his trial, 288; and
acquittal, 289; opposes mutiny bill,
290; his creation of peers, 291; op.
poses the peerage bill, 292; and the
South Sea company, 293; his sec-
retary, 303; death of, 312; his
ministry, 315.

Harley, Thomas, envoy to Hanover,
216, 224, 289.
Harrington.

See Stanhope, William
Hartley, David, 480.
Harwich, 49.
Haversham, Lord (Sir John Thompson),
69, 97.

Havre, vessels for the pretender at, 242,
249.

Hawke, Admiral, bravery of, 379; a

Belleisle, 415; victorious at Quibero t