Farnese, Elisabeth, second wife of Philip V. of Spain, 280, 364, 389; her ambition, 321, 322; grievance against England, 322, 323; abandons Gibraltar, 337; and the treaty of Seville, 338; ambition of, 371, 372; eclipse of her power, 413. Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambray (Fran- çois de Salignac de la Mothe), 115. Ferdinand, Prince, commander-in-chief of the " 'army of observation," 454- 456; British confidence in, 460; at battle of Minden, 460-462; defeated at Korbach, 471.
Ferdinand VI., makes overtures to Eng- land, 413.
Fergusson, Robert, "the plotter," 38. Fetteresso, 260.
Fielding, Henry, and the liquor trade, 422, 423; and "Bow Street runners, 429; his literary style, 491. Filmer, Sir Robert, writer, 105. Finch, Lord (Daniel Finch), afterwards Earl of Winchelsea, 450.
Finchley, militia muster at, 395. Findlater, Earl of. See Seafield. Finisterre, battle of, 415. Finisterre, cape, 284. Fitzgerald, Thomas (Geraldino), 359. Flamsteed, John, 479.
Flanders, French lines in, 15, 81, 82; states of, 83; French army in, 115; war in, 129, 135; French, 150, 158; recall of troops from, 221; at the feet of France, 388.
"Fleet marriages, the," 428.
Fleming, Hon. Charles, Jacobite, 136. Fletcher, Andrew, of Saltoun, 94, 100. Fleury, Cardinal, 325, 350, 378, 379. Florence, court of, 21. Florida, 322.
Floyd, David, Jacobite, 262. Fog's journal, 336.
Fontenoy, battle of, 386-388. Forbes, Brigadier John, 456, 458. Forbin, Claude de, French admiral, 136. Forde, Colonel Francis, Indian service of, 475, 476.
Fornelles, castle of, 121.
Forster, Thomas, junior, 248, 250; rebel commander, 252; surrenders, 253; escapes, 265. Fort William, 246.
Forth, Firth of, 100, 136, 247, 251. Fontainebleau, treaty of, 376. Fox, Henry, first Lord Holland, de- fends Walpole, 376; secretary at war, 412; relations of, with Newcastle, 430, and Pitt, 435; favourable to sub- sidies, 437; threatens to retire, 445; and Gibraltar question, 447; invited to
form administration, 450; a lord of the treasury, 378; secretary of state, 419, 441.
France, declaration of war against, 5; its army, 8; and Alsace, 11; projected invasion of south of, 18; Dutch trade with, 26; law of inheritance in, 73; misfortunes of, 81; projected invasion of 91, 92, 155, 158, 181, 182, 187; ap- prehended invasion by, 97, 103; trade of with Scotland, 107; treaty between Austria and, 109; and Venice, 112; concessions demanded from, 121; ex- haustion of, 145, 146; to retain Stras- burg, 147; its trade with Holland, 148; rupture of negotiations by, 149; and the Dutch demands, 150; recalls its troops from Spain, 156; union of with Spain, 185; Spanish commercial pri- vileges to, 187; its first commander, 188; succession to, 196; peace with 205; treaty of commerce with, 206, 207; Bolingbroke favours alliance with, 225; Robethon a refugee from, 230; and the overtures for peace, 235; and Dunkirk, 240; Ormonde lands in, 244; Jacobites escape to, 262; hos- tility of William III. to, 226; warned by George I., 265; its woollen manu- facture, 273; pretender to leave, 277; comes into the Quadruple alliance (1718), 280; crippled by the Missi- sippi scheme, 287; defensive alliance with England and Spain (1721), 310, 321; philosophy in, 315; alienated from Spain, 323; joins in the treaty of Hanover, 324; proposed dismem- berment of, 325; and the treaty of Hanover, 326, 327, 330; joins in treaty of Seville (1729), 338; grow- ing friction with Great Britain, 339; declares war against Charles VI., 349; acquires the reversion of Lorraine, 350; and "family compact," 353-364, 377; and Maria Theresa, 372; griev ances of, against Great Britain, 378; fails the Jacobites, 398-400; influence of, in India, 431-432; clashes with English interests in North America, 432-434; isolation of, 439; alliance of, with Austria, 440; changed inten- tions of, 444; joins Russia and Austria against Prussia, 453.
Francis of Lorraine and Tuscany, hus- band of Maria Theresa, acknowledged emperor by Prussia, 389. Franconia, 16, 53. Franquenies, 80, 81.
Fraser, Simon, of Beaufort, afterwards Lord Lovat. See Lovat. Fraser, the clan, 252.
Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, | King of Poland, 113.
Frederick I. of Prussia, etc. See Prussia.
Frederick IV. of Denmark, etc. See Denmark.
Frederick, Prince, afterwards Prince of Wales, 228; and a Prussian marriage, 311, 326, 327; vote of money for, 335; created Prince of Wales, 342; becomes active in politics, 355; pa- tronises Pitt, 361; death of, 424. Frederick William I. of Prussia. See Prussia.
Fredericksborg, treaty of, 287, 311. Freind, Dr. John, writer, 129. French East India Company, 474. French fleet, 59, 61, 88, 112, 136, 137 French Protestants, 32, 141. French wines, consumption of, 24.
Gaeta, siege of, 380. Gainsborough, Thomas, 496. Galway, Earl of (Henri de Massue de
Ruvigny), British general, 63, 85, 88, 89, 90, 92, 109, 110; at Almanza, 110, III; ambassador at Lisbon, 120, 129, 179.
Gardening, landscape, rise o1, 495-496. Gardiner, Colonel James, killed, 394. Garrard, Sir Samuel, 164. Garrick, David, 489.
Gassion, Jean, alias Ogilvie, spy, 134
Gaultier, Gautier, the abbé, 174, 175, 186, 187, 211, 212, 217. Gell, servant to Marlborough, 10. Genappe, 77.
General elections, (1702) 25; (1705) 84; (1708) 138; (1710) 174; (1713) 210; (1715) 232, 233; (1722) 306; (1727) 335; (1734) 384; (1741) 368; (1747) 416; (1753) 429.
Genoa, 90, 110, 112, 129, 389, 413 Genoese, envoy at Madrid, 21; policy
George I. (George Lewis, Elector of Hanover), 70; imperialist com- mander-in-chief, 114, 155; and the tory party, 144; resigns command, 158; and Harley's ministry, 178, 183; opposed to the peace pre- liminarics, 190; supports Marl- borough, 192; declines invitation of whigs, 203; continues at war with France, 205; favours the whigs, 212; indifferent to Oxford's overtures, 214; and Schütz, 216; becomes next in succession to the crown, 217; his visit as prince to England, 222; his ac- cession, 223; loan offered to by
Marlborough, 224; his life, 226; his character, 227, 228; enters London, 229; indifferent to the succession, 231; unpopularity of, 237, 238; Bolingbroke and, 241, 242; oaths of allegiance to, 243; overtures of the Duke of Orleans to, 244; clans loyal to, 247; hostility of Charles XII. to, 249; speech to parliament, 264, 265; quarrels with the Prince of Wales, 270; reconciled, 271; purchases Bremen and Verden, 272, 274, 275; arrests Swedish ambas- sador, 275, 276; apprehensive of Russia, 277; jealous of the Prince of Wales, 278; disputes with Walpole, 278, 279; anxious for investiture of the duchies, 280; and Sir G. Byng, 281, 282; parliament and, 284; dis- like for Peter the Great, 285, 311; and the pacification of the north, 286, 287; scheme for alienating Hanover, 290, 304 n. 1; favours the peerage bill, 292; appoints lords regent, 296; and the South Sea Company, 297; returns to England, 298; libels on, 304; plot to seize, 307; Lord Macclesfield a favourite of, 331; death and character of, 332, 333, 334; compact with George II., 336; clemency, 308; pardons Bo- lingbroke, 309; and the Platen marriage, 310; against Carteret's foreign policy, 311; supports Wal- pole against Bolingbroke, creates Alan Brodrick a peer, 315; and the treaty of Hanover, 325; his friction with Prussia, 326, 327; on the surrender of Gibraltar, 337; and the French Protestants, 339; and the marriage of Prince Frederick, 342; authorities on, App. I., 509-511. George II. (George Augustus, Duke of Cambridge, Electoral Prince of Hanover, afterwards Elector) at Oudenarde, 117 and n. 1, 228; de- mand for writ of summons of, 216; Prince of Wales, 228, 233, 238, 271, 278; affronts the Duke of Newcastle, 289; retires to Leicester House, 290; forms a party, 291, 297; plot to seize, 307; his friends impeach Macclesfield, 332; his accession, 334, 335; com- pared with George I., 336; early years of, 341; supports the excise bill, 346; supports the empire against France, 350; for relief to dissenters, 354; chooses wife for Prince of Wales, 355; relations of, with Freder- ick, Prince of Wales, 356-357; influ- ence over, of Queen Caroline, 357-358;
attitude of, towards Walpole, 361; and Maria Theresa, 367, 372; the Hanoverian troops, 373; he heads his troops, 375; attitude of, towards Car- teret, 382; and the Pelhams, 411; attitude of, towards Pitt, 412, 445, 446; his electoral policy, 420-421, 436, 439; on Pelham's death, 430; and convention of Westminster, 448; on Admiral Byng, 449-450; he resolves to form a Ministry, 450-451; death of, 472, 477; character of, 478; authori- tics on, App. I., 511-516. George of Denmark, Prince, lord high admiral, 19; provision for, 27, 40; and occasional conformity, 32, 62, 123; his council, 125, 128, 130; and the queen, 133; dislikes Somers, 138; his death, 139, 161. George, Prince of Wales, afterwards George III., 2, 424.
George William of Celle, 227. Georgia, colony of, 343, 376. German ministers of George I., 332 and
Gertruydenberg, conferences at, 157, 159, 170, 186, 187, 206. Gheet, the Great, 76, 80. Gheet, the Little, 76, 80.
Ghent, 8, 116, 118, 119, 199, 237; sur- render of, 388.
Gibbons, Grinling, sculptor, 497. Gibbs, James, architect, 497, 498. Gibraltar, Rooke ordered to take, 12; taken, 60, 61, 62; besieged by Spaniards, 64; England and, 78; Marshal Tessé at, 85; negotiations as to, 187; troops from, 189; to be held, 195; formal cession of, 206; Stanhope ready to surrender, 281, 309; Spain demands, 322, 323, 328; alliance to recover, 325, 328; be- sieged by Spain, 330, 336; siege abandoned, 337; demand for, waived, 338; question of, 376, 442, 443, 447- 448.
Gibraltar, Straits of, 19.
Gin act, the, 350, 351. Gladsmuir. See Prestonpans. Glasgow, 104, 255, 320; attitude of, towards the young pretender, 395. Glencoe, Massacre of, 103. Glenfinnan, 391, 392.
Glenshiel, battle of, 284. Gloucestershire, address from, 27. Godolphin, Sidney, Lord (afterwards Earl of), 1, 2; lord treasurer, 3; for war, 4; and whigs, 26, 67, 68; action on the occasional conformity bill, 37; and Scottish plot, 39; as financier, 40, 45; and Nottingham. 42; and a middle party, 43, 44; and St. John, 46; on Rooke's victory, 62; on Lord Galway, 63; the High Church party and, 66; and the war, 69; in- difference to religious questions, 73; on Dutch credit, 84; Shovell and, 92; and the Scots, 95, 96, 97; and the commons, 99; selects commis sioners for union, 101, 107; plans invasion of S. France, III; resolute for war, 115; his success, 122; re- commends Sunderland, 123; created an earl, 124; and the junta, 125; and Harley, 126, 127; and the first parliament of Great Britain, 128; attacked by Rochester, 129; betrayed by St. John, 130; and Harley, 131- 133; Ker of Kersland and, 135; and Jacobite prisoners, 137; supports Somers, 138; offers resignation, 139; compromises with whigs, 140; his correspondence with St. Germain's, 143; borrows from the bank, 155; and the junta, 160; friction with the queen, 161; and Mrs. Masham, 163; nicknamed Volpone, 165; at New- market, 170; deceived by Shrews- bury, 171; is dismissed, 172, 175; alienation of Somers from, 173; patron of Addison, 177; Peterborough and, 179; accused of conspiracy, 194; protest against ministerial action, 199; Anne's affection for, 222; death of, 223. Gordon, 246.
Gordon, Alexander, Jacobite general, 255, 261.
Gordon, Duchess of (Elizabeth Gordon), 184.
Gordon, Duke of (George Gordon), 246, 255.
Görz, Baron, Swedish minister, 275, 276, 283, 285.
Görz, Baron von Schlitz-, Hanoverian minister, 226. Gothenburg, 249, 277.
Gower, Lord, privy seal, 370, 383. Grafton, Duke of (Charles Fitzroy), 307, 315, 316, 346.
Gramont, Duke de, at battle of Dettin- gen, 374-375.
Granby, Marquis of, "the mob's hero,"
462; commander of the British con-
tingent under Prince Ferdinand, 471; | Habsburg, house of. See also Austria,
at Warburg, 472. Grant, the clan, 262.
Grantham, Earl of (Henry Nassau Auverquerque), 28. Gray, Thomas, 485.
Graydon, John, vice-admiral, 18, 41. Great Britain, commercial interests of, 5; sympathises with Cevennois, 20; poor rates, 142; Protestant refugees in, 141, 142; contemplated union with Ireland, 143; Holland and, 146; demands Newfoundland, 147; and the evacuation of Spain, 155; feeling in, 196; Jacobites in, 239, 249; estranged from France, 240; discontent in, 241; grievances against Sweden, 274; Al- beroni plans invasion of, 281, 283; preparations against invasion, 284; crippled by the South Sea bubble, 287; Ireland and, 313, 314; protests against the Ostend Company, 322; trade of and the treaty of Vienna, 323; concludes treaty of Hanover (1725), 323, 324; debt of to George I., 333; alliance with France and Spain (treaty of Seville), 337, 338; growing friction between France and, 339.
Green, Thomas, merchant-captain, 100. Greenrig, 250.
Greenshields, 201.
Greenwich, 228, 229, 331.
Greg, William, betrays state
ments, 131, 132, 133. Gregorian Calendar, the, 423.
Grenville, George, 356, 383, 430; trea- surer of the navy, 446. Grenville, James, 446.
Grenville, Richard. See Temple, Earl. Griffin, Lord (Edward Griffin), 136. Gross Heppach, 51.
Guadalaxara, 89, 90. Guadarrama Mountains, 89. Guardian, The, 213. Gudina, 156.
Guelderland, Spani.h, or Upper, 16,
Haddock, Admiral, in war with Spain, 361-363, 368, 371.
Hague, receipt of news of William III.'s death at the, 3; Archduke Charles arrives at, 23; Marlborough arrives at, 49, 75, 78, 79, 91; leaves, 113, 157, 178; Petkum minister at the, 119; letter of Marlborough from, 123; Marlborough at, 170; British envoy at, 186; Chesterfield at, 335. Hainault, 82. Haine, river, 152. Halifax, Lord, afterwards Earl of (Charles Montagu), omitted from the privy council, 4; charged with ir- regularities in accounts, 34; disposi- tion, 36; financial talent, 40, 122; one of the junta, 67, 83, 92, 122; and Marlborough, 125, 160, 161; Sir James Montagu, brother of, 133; patron of Prior, 177; opposes Ox- ford's ministry, 191; and the demands of France, 196; denounces "the re- straining orders," 199; opposed to the commercial treaty with France, 207; created an earl, 229; death of, 238, 248.
Halifax, second Earl of (George Mon- tagu-Dunk), 429.
Hallam, Henry, historian, 353. Halley, Edmund, 480. Hamburg, 272.
Hamilton, fourth Duke of (James Hamilton), 94, 103, 105, 106, 136, 204; killed in a duel, 205. Hamilton, general, in Swedish service,
Hamilton, Sir David, physician, 179. Hamilton, William Gerard, 'single speech Hamilton," 438. Hampshire, 347. Hampton Court, 278. Hanau, 374, 375.
Handel, George Frederick, 355; the Dettingen Te Deum, 377; George II.'s favourite, 489.
Hanmer, Sir Thomas, his "representa- tion," 194; deserts the Jacobites, 207; votes against the commercial treaty with France, 208; on Marlborough's retirement; 223 n. 1; speaker, 225; refuses office, 230; displaced from speakership, 233; defends Schism
Hanover, 216, 224, 310, 316, 323, 331, 332.
Hanover, court of, 217, 225, 277, 285, 311.
Hanover, Elector of, Ernest Augustus, 226. See also George I. and George
Hanover, Electorate of, joins the grand alliance, 7; house of, 40, 70, 106, 150; Marlborough and Eugene visit, 115; English resident at, 183; Prince Fre- derick at, 228; jealous of Prussia, 230; visits to, 271; nervous of Russia, 273 ; and Sweden, 274, 275, 286, 287; and Prussia, 286; Craggs at, 301; George I. visits, 308; relations of, to Prussia, 311; and to the empire, 325; interests of, 333, 350; interests of, opposed to British, 364; the treaty of neutrality, 367, 368; British attitude towards, 372-373, 377; the neutrality vio- lated, 381; and abandoned, 385; Pitt's attitude towards, 437, 438; it is abandoned to France, 453. Hanover, house of, 216, 222, 280, 331. Hanover tories, the, 171, 208, 214, 215,
Schütz, Kreienberg. Hanoverian troops, at Malplaquet, 153; in English pay, 226; at Vienna, 226. Harcourt, Henri, Duc d', marshal of France, 189.
Harcourt, Sir Simon, attorney-general,
afterwards lord, 130, 133, 139, 168, 174; lord keeper, 177, 179, 194; allied with Bolingbroke, 209; chancellor, 209, 220; at trial of Oxford, 288; ex- cluded from act of grace, 289; leads tories in lords, 302. Harding, printer, 318. Hardwicke, Earl of (Philip Yorke), chief justice, afterwards chancellor, 352, 353; against war, 377;
Carteret's policy, 382; his "heritable jurisdictions" bill, 409; his "mar- riage act," 428; for war, 359; cre- ated an earl, 430; resigns chancellor- ship, 446; opposes enlistment of Highlanders, 448.
Hardy, Sir Charles, Admiral, 456-457. Hare, Dr. Francis, afterwards Bishop of Chichester, 177.
Harley, Edward, auditor of the ex- chequer, 172, 180, 181, 184, 210, 295. Harley, Robert (afterwards Earl of Oxford), 2; speaker, 25, 40; releases De Foe, 32; moderation of, 36, 42, 43, 44; and St. John, 46; and the tories, 66; and the war, 69; selects commissioners for union, 101; and De Foe, 103; his correspondents in Scotland, 104, 106; secretly advises Anne, 123, 124, 125, 126; and Mrs. Masham, 126, 127; betrays Godol- phin, 130; has audiences of the
queen, 131; Marlborough denounces, 132; and Greg, 132; resigns, 133, 134, 138; his intrigues, 160, 162; nicknamed Janus, 165; supports Sacheverell, 166, 169; his method with the queen, 170; intrigues with Mrs. Masham, 172; chancellor of the exchequer, 173; his ministry, 174; overtures to Marlborough, 175; and the press, 177; and the clergy, 178; and the extreme tories, 180, 181; stabbed by Guiscard, 182, 183, 235; created Earl of Oxford, etc., 183; difficulties of, 184; and the South Sea company, 185; negotiates with France, 186; approaches Marl- borough, 189, 190; Plunkett and, 194; and the Asiento, 195; and the succession to France, 197; and St. John, 198; denies separate negotia- tions, 199; inspirer of De Foe, 200; opposes dissolution of union with Scotland, 202; intrigues against Bol- ingbroke, 203; supports the treaty of commerce with France, 207; ap- proaches the Hanover tories, 208; increasing weakness, 209; deserted by Lady Masham, 210, 216; his advice to the pretender, 211, 212; and the Elector of Hanover, 214; consents to purge the army of whigs, 216; favours the Hanoverian succession, 217; em- barrassed by the schism bill, 218; promotes an inquiry into Bolingbroke's conduct, 219; dismissed, 219; charges Bolingbroke with corruption, 220; hopes from George I., 222; and Marl- borough, 223, 224; reception of by George I., 229; does homage, 232; allusion to, 233; impeached of high treason, 235, 236; sent to the tower, 237; popular with Jacobites, 238; his son-in-law arrested, 248; Lech. mere and, 269; his trial, 288; and acquittal, 289; opposes mutiny bill, 290; his creation of peers, 291; op. poses the peerage bill, 292; and the South Sea company, 293; his sec- retary, 303; death of, 312; his ministry, 315.
Harley, Thomas, envoy to Hanover, 216, 224, 289. Harrington.
See Stanhope, William Hartley, David, 480. Harwich, 49. Haversham, Lord (Sir John Thompson), 69, 97.
Havre, vessels for the pretender at, 242, 249.
Hawke, Admiral, bravery of, 379; a
Belleisle, 415; victorious at Quibero t
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