bled to form botanical French phrases, which have all the precifion and exactness of the Latin to which they are annexed.

Faithful to the precepts of Linnéus, it appears likewife that the author has been very particular in the choice of specific names; they always prefent the character of the fpecies, an advantage of which Linnéus had ftrongly urged the importance, but which, however, has been too much neglected.

The figures likewife form an effential part of this Flora, contributing to its magnificence and perfection: the defigns were made under the eyes and direction of the author, from living fpecimens taken in their native country, and confequently fpontaneous: the plants are reprefented according to their natural fize, the parts of fructification being only enlarged, when they are too fmall to develope their characters. To encrease the merit of the defigns, Mr. Lop. has likewise often borrowed the elegant pencil of Redouté. The figures are printed in colour, and the excellence of the engraving cannot be furpaffed. Nor has the typographical part been lefs attended to; it does honour to the prefs of Didot.

Every livraison contains ten figures, with the text belonging to them.

Ibid.

ART. 48. Principes de phyfiologie; par C. L. Dumas, de l'inftitut national, profeffeur d'anatomie et de phyfiologie à l'école de médecine de Montpellier. Vol. IV.

This volume, which has been for fome time eagerly expected, treats of digeftion, nutrition, and the different fecretions. In regard to this work, we fhall only obferve, that the perfpicuity and method by which it is diftinguished, render it highly valuable as an elementary book, whilft the extent of the researches into which the author enters, cannot fail to make it very useful, even to those who have the best information on the subjects treated of in it.

Ibid.

ART. 49. Traité théorique et pratique fur l'art de faire et d'appliquer les vernis fur les differens genres de peintures et par impreffion et en décoration, ainfi que fur les couleurs fimples et compofées, &c. par G. T. Tingry, profeffeur de chimie dans l'académie de Genève, 2 voll. in Svo. with figures. 1803.

We do not hesitate to affure fuch of our readers as it may concern, that this is the most complete and methodical work on the fubject treated of in it that has hitherto come under our notice.

Ibid.

ART. 50. Sur les finances, le commerce, la marine, et les colonies; par M. M*****. 2 voll. in 8vo. Paris.

M. Micond, who is already known by other lefs abstract works, here publishes his opinions on the great questions of financial adminiftration. He defires, in the firft place, that a general plan, juftified by acts of morality and probity, fhould ferve as the bafis to the operations of government. "Ofons le dire", fays he, " la corruption et les maux de la fociété, les vices et les crimes des hommes étant tou

jours

jours l'effet de l'exemple, la confidération néceffaire à l'adminiftration, le respect dû à l'autorité, dépendent particulièrement du choix des organes chargés de tranfmettre leurs décifions; car ne nous abufons point fur la nature des réfiftances, elles font prefque toujours dans les volontés et non dans les chofes. Eh! quels moyens feraient plus puiffans que l'exemple pour perfuader, pour convaincre, pour fubjuguer les volontés?"

The author's principles are intended to be applicable to the nature of all governments; and, though we cannot always fubfcribe to his opinions on finance, commerce, the marine, the colonies, &c. it is incumbent on us to allow, that he speaks like a man to whom these important matters are familiar.

Ibid.

ART. 51. Vies et œuvres des peintres les plus célèbres de toutes les écoles, recueil claffique, contenant l'œuvre complète des peintres du premier rang, et leurs portraits; les principales productions des artiftes de 2e et 3e claffe; un abrégé de la Vie des peintres grecs, et un choix des plus belles peintures antiques, réduit et gravé au trait, d'après les eftampes de la bibliothèque nationale, et des plus riches collections particulières; publié par C. P. Landon. Tome Ier; one vol. in fol. pr. 25 fr.

Paris.

The volume which we here notice contains the life and complete works of Dominico Zampieri, called il Dominichino. Sixty-two plates exhibit copies of almost all the productions of this celebrated painter: those which the editor could not immediately get engraved will be inferted in the next volume. The whole feems to us to have been executed with the greatest care.

HOLLAND.

Ibid.

ART. 52. Hugonis Grotii, Batavi, Parallelon rerum publicarum liber tertius: de moribus ingenioque populorum Athenienfium, Romanorum, Batavorum;-now first published from an original MS. and accompanied with a Dutch Tranflation and Commentary, by Mr. John Meerman, Lord of Dalem and Vuren; ft part, Original, lxiv. and 114 pp.; Tranfl. and Com. 410; 2d part, Orig. viii. and 100 pp. Tranfl. and Comm. 524 pp.; 3d part, Origin. viii. and 98 pp.; Tranflat. and Comm. 567 pp. in l. 8vo. Haarlem.

This work, confifting of 26 chapters, differs entirely from that of Grotius, before published under the title, de antiquitate Reipublicæ Batave, Leid. 1610, 4°. From the known characters of Grotius and Meerman, it is hardly neceffary that we should affure our readers that both the original Text and the Commentary contain much valuable information. In the latter are found many documents, as privileges, charters, &c, which had likewise not been before published.

The

The account which we gave of the Effays of the Students at Calcutta, in our Twenty-fcond Volume, p. 241, will probably have excited in our Readers a defire to know the further proceedings of the New College. For their gratification therefore, ave infert the following particulars from the Calcutta Gazete Extraordinary.

"COLLEGE OF FORT WILLIAM, JULY 25, 1803. "On Tuesday, the 29th of March laft, being the day appointed by his Excellency the Visitor, for the Public Difputations in the Oriental languages, the Governors, Officers, Profeffors, and Students of the College affembled at nine o'clock at the new Government Houle. At a little before ten his Excellency, the Visitor, accompanied by the Honourable Chief Justice, the Members of the Supreme Council, the Members of the Council of the College, and the Officers of his Excellency's Suite, entered the fouthern room on the marble floor, and took his feat at the weft end of the room. In front of his Excellency feats were placed for the Profeffors, and for fuch Students as were to maintain the Difputations, or to receive prizes and honorary rewards. As foon as his Excellency had taken his feat, the Difputations commenced in the following order:

Difputation in the Perfian Language.

Pofition" The natives of India under the British Government, enjoy a greater degree of tranquillity, fecurity, and happiness than under any former Government."-Defended by Mr. R. Jenkins, Bombay. Chief Opponent, T. Hamilton, Madras. Second Opponent, J. Wauchope.-Moderator, Lieutenant J. Baillie, Profeffer.

"Difputation in the Hindooftance Language. Pofition" The Suicide of Hindoo Widows by burning themselves with the bodies of their deceased Husbands, is a practice repugnant to the natural feelings, and inconfiftent with moral duty."-Defended by Mr. W. Chaplin, Madras. Chief Opponent, R. T, Goodwin, Bombay. Second Opponent, R. C. Rofs, Madras. Moderator, John Gilchrift, Efq. Proteffor.

Difputation in the Bengalee Language. Pofition" The Diftribution of Hindoos into Cafts, retards their progrefs in improvement."-Defended by Mr. J. Hunter. Chief Opponent, W. B. Martin. Second Opponent, W. Morton. Moderator, W. C. Blaquiere, Efq.

Declamations in the Arabic language were pronounced by Mr. R. Jenkins and Mr. E. Wood.

"At the conclufion of the Difputations in the Perfian, Hine dooftanee, and Bengalee languages, an appropriate fpeech in the language of the Difou ation was made by the respective Moderators.

"At the conclusion of the Declamations in the Arabic language, Lieutenant Baillie, the Professor of Arabic, delivered a speech in that language.

"When the Difputations and the Arabic Declamations and Speeches were concluded, his Excellency fignified to the Officers of

the

the College his directions that the prizes and honorary rewards fhould be diftributed in his prefence on the enfuing day. His Excellency also notified his intention to confer the Degree of Honor eftablished by the Statutes on feveral Students, whom he had directed the Council of the College to prefent to him for that purpose.

"On Wednesday, the 30th March, his Excellency, the Vifitor, entered the room about half paft eleven o'clock, accompanied by the Honourable the Chief Juftice, the Members of the Supreme Council, the Members of the Council of the College, and the Officers of his Excellency's fuite. As foon as the Vifitor had taken his feat, the Vice Provoft proceeded to prefent to his Excellency thofe Students who were entitled under Statute VIII. to receive Degrees of Honor, and whose presentation had been previously directed by his ExcelJency. The Vice Provoft publicly read the certificate granted by the Council of the College to each Student refpectively, fpecifying the high proficiency which he had made in the Oriental languages, and alfo the regularity of his conduct during his refidence at College. When the certificate had been read, his Excellency, the Vifitor, prefented to each Student the honorary diploma, infcribed on vellum, in the Oriental character; purporting that the Committee of Public Examination having declared that the Student had made fuch ficiency in certain of the Oriental languages as entitled him to a Degree of Honor in the fame, his Excellency was pleased to confer the faid Degree, in conformity to the Statute.

pro

"The Students now leaving College, on whom his Excellency was pleased to confer a Degree of Honor on this occafion were, Mr. William Butterworth Bayley, of the Eftablishment of Bengal; Mr. Richard Jenkins, of the Establishment of Bombay; Mr. William Byam Martin, of the Establishment of Bengal; Mr. Terrick Hamilton, of the Etablishment of Fort St. George; Mr. William Chaplin, of the Establishment of Fort St. George; Mr. Edward Wood, of the Establishment of Fort St. George; and Mr. Richard Thomas Goodwin, of the Establishment of Bombay.

"At the fame time a Degree of Honor was conferred on the following Students of last year: Mr. Jonathan Henry Lovett, of the Establishment of Bombay; and Mr. Charles Lloyd, of the Etablishment of Bengal.

"After the Degrees of Honor had been conferred, the prizes, medals, and honorary rewards adjudged at the late Public Examination were diftributed by the Provoft, in prefence of the Vifitor, to the following Students: Meffrs. Jenkins, Martin, Chaplin, Hamilton, Wood, Goodwin, Hunter, Wauchope, Rofs, Morton, Romer, Gowan, Newnham, Sprott, Bourchier, Sparrow, Elliott, Cole, Puller, Walker, Plowden, and Turnbull.

"The particular prizes adjudged to each, will be found in the annexed reports.

"After the prizes and honorary rewards had been diftributed, his Excellency, the Vifitor, was pleafed to deliver the following Speech:

"Gentlemen

"Gentlemen of the College of Fort William,

"From the foundation of this College to the prefent time, the fate of political affairs has not permitted me to difcharge the grateful duty of prefiding at your Public Exercifes. My attention, however, has not been withdrawn from the progrefs, interefts, and conduct of this Inftitution. The principles on which this Inftitution is founded, the fpirit which it is defigned to diffufe, and the purposes which it is calculated to accomplish, muft enhance the importance of its fuccefs, in proportion to the exigency of every public crifis, and to the progreffive magnitude, power, and glory of this Empire.

66

In the difficulties and dangers of fucceffive wars, in the moft critical juncture of arduous negociations, in the fettlement of conquered and ceded Provinces, in the time of returning peace, attended by the extenfion of our trade, by the augmentation of our revenue, and by the restoration of public credit, I have contemplated this Inflitution with confcious fatisfaction and with confident hope. Obferving your aufpicious progrefs under the falutary operations of the ftatures and rules of the College, I have anticipated the ftability of all our acquifitions, and the fecurity and improvement of every advantage which we poflefs.

From this fource, the fervice may now derive an abundant and regular fupply of public officers, duly qualified to become the fuccefsful inftruments of adminiftering this government in all its extenfive and complicated branches; of promoting its energy in war; of cultivating and enlarging its refources in peace; of maintaining in honor and refpect its external relations with the Naive Powers; and of establishing (under a juft and benignant fyftem of internal adminiftration) the profperity of our finances and commerce, on the folid foundations of the affluence, happinefs, and confidence of a contented and grateful people.

"Thefe were the original purposes of this foundation, which was deftined to aid and animate the efforts of diligence and natural genius, contending with the defects of exifting eftablishments; to remove every obstacle to the progrefs of the public fervants in attaining the qualifications requifite for their refpective ftations; to enlarge and to facilitate the means of acquiring useful knowledge; and to fecure by fyftematic education, fixed regulation, and efficient discipline, that ar tention to a due courfe of ftudy, which had hitherto depended on individual difpofition, or accidental advantage.

"The neceffity of providing fuch a fyftem of education was not diminished by the numerous inftances existing in the Company's fervice of eminent Oriental learning, and of high qualincation for public duty. A wife and provident government will not reft the public fecurity for the due adminiftration of affairs, on the merits of any number or defcription of its public officers at any period of time. It is the duty of government to endeavour to perpetuate the profperity of the State by an uniform fyftem of public Inftitution; and by permanent and established law, to tranfmit to future times whatever benefits can be derived from prefent examples of wisdom, virtue, and learning. The fuppofition of an univerfal deficiency in that knowledge which this College is calculated to extend, has never confti.