3. That it appears plainly, from the cafes here collected, that angina maligna ulcerofa is the fame difeafe with fear

latina.

After remarking that the general treatment of fcarlet fever ought to be grounded upon the knowledge of its fource and its debilitating tendency, the author at the fame time acknowledges, that the too early exhibition of tonics and cordials is equally pernicious with profufe and exceflive evacuations. He objects to the indifcriminate and repeated use of strong antimonial emetics, as recommended by Dr. Withering; but commends the adminiftration of an ipecacuanha emetic in the first flage, or even in the advanced flage, when the clearing of the flomach and fauces by this method has been neglected in the beginning. Draftic purges are improper; but gentle aperients, after the ufe of an emetic, he generally found serviceable, by facilitating the action of diaphoretics. Where the throat was affected with large and deep ulcerations, he found the free exhibition of wine and negus neceffary, together with the bark and mineral acids, taken alternately with strong soup, every hour or two, in proportion to the advancement of the ulcers, the debility of the patient, &c. With the view of promoting perfpiration (a curative intention on which great ftrefs is laid) the author had fometimes recourfe to the warm bath; at other times, he directed the patient's body to be fponged with warm water, or tepid vinegar; a practice which the writer of this abftract has himfelf adopted in feveral cafes of fcarlet fever, with the moft marked advantage. For the fame purpofe (namely, promoting a diaphorefis) the author prefcribed antimonials combined fometimes with faline medicines; at other times, where the fymptoms were aggravated, with contrayerva, vol. alkali, and camphor. Dr. Withering has recommended the ufe of alkalies and absorbents in this diforder; but this author gives the preference to acids. Thefe obfervations, relative to the treatment of fcarlet fever, are followed by an inquiry into the modes by which its infection or contagion may be introduced into the body. These modes have been ftated by various writers to be three; namely, 1.Simple Contact; 2. Inoculation; 3. Inhalation. Dr.Bl.thinks that neither the fcarlatina nor the plague-contagion are communicated by the firit method (i. e. by abforption from the unbroken fkin). The fecond, inoculation or abforption by a wound purpofely made in the fkin, neither is nor ought to be practifed, in thefe diforders. The only remaining mode of infection is by inhalation, that is, by the paffages of the noftrils and mouth. By thefe paffages, he fuppofes the infectious vapours or effluvia to be admitted to the brain, the ftomach, and

the

the lungs. In the firft cafe (namely, when the infectious effluvia are propagated along the olfactory nerves to the brain) fudden death, or rapid formation of difeafe, commencing with fymptoms of injured brain, &c. takes place. In the fecond cafe (i. e. when the contagion is received into the ftomach) fickness or purging, or both, will be the primary fymptoms, followed by vertigo, heach-ach, &c. In the third cafe (i. e. when the infeftious particles are gradually admitted into the circulation through the medium of the lungs) there will be a flower approach of fever, and in a milder form; and the contagion is then faid to be latent in the conflitution.

Laftly, as it appears that the noftrils and mouth are the only avenues by which the contagious effluvia are admitted into the body; it follows, that for preventing infection, nothing more is requifite than to exclude the faid miafms or effluvia from thofe paffages.

With this reflection is terminated the first part of this important publication. The account of the fecond part, we muft poftpone until the next number of our Review.

(To be concluded in our next.)

ART. IX. Archeologia: or Mifcellaneous Tracts relating to Antiquity, &c.

IF

(Concluded from p. 112.)

F thefe antiquities have grown more ancient by one month, than we intended when we began our account, let us hope that they will only be confidered as fo much the more valua ble; it is certain, at leaft, that they will not be lefs fo; and, under this perfuafion, we renew our attention to them.

CLASS IV. British, Saxon, &c.

1. We begin with Mr. Owen's account of the Welsh MSS. which form the basis of a curious work, called "the Archai ology of Wales", the two first volumes of which were prefented to the Society with the prefent paper, Art. xxix. p. 211. The contents of that work are derived, says this writer, "from various collections of old manufcripts, preferved, for the most part, within the principality". These collections are afterwards enumerated, and are these.

In North Wales, the collections of

Sir Watkin Williams Wynn, Bart. at Wynnftay.
Sir Thomas Moftyn, Bart. at Gloddaith.
Griffith Howell Vaughan, Efq. at Hengwrt.
Paul Panton, Efq. at Plas Gwyn.
George Leo, Efq. at Llanerch.
Griffith Roberts, M. D. at Dolgelly.

In South Wales, the collections of

Thomas Johnes, Efq. at Havod.

John Turberville, Efq. at Llan Aran.

Herbert Hurst, Efq. at Keibalva, near Llandaf.
David Thomas, Efq. at Trev y Groes, Cowbridge.
Rev. Jofiah Rees, at Gelli Gron, near Swansea.
Mr. Edward Williams, at Flimfton, near Cowbridge.

Out of Wales, the collections of

The Earl of Macclesfield, in Oxfordshire.

Jefus College, Oxford.

The British Museum, London.

The Welsh School, London.

Mr. Owen Jones, London.

Rev. Mr. Kenrick, Exeter.

"The principal heads under which the contents of the before-mentioned ftores of British learning may be claffed are, Poetry, Bardic Inftitutes, Laws, Hiftory, Theology, Ethics, Proverbs, Dramatic Tales, Grammars." P. 216.

To these fources Mr. Owen had reforted in the compilation of his Welsh Dictionary, with fuch diligence, as to compute that he has "perufed upwards of thirteen thoufand poetical pieces, of various denominations" (the profaic he does not enumerate)" for the purpofe of collecting words, in the course of eighteen years", in which he has been carrying on that valuable compilation. One of the moft copious of the collections above-mentioned feems to be that of Mr. Vaughan, at Hengwrt. It contains 167 manufcript volumes, the leading articles of which are detailed by Llwyd, in the Archæologia Britannica.

"The oldest that I have feen", fays Mr. O. " of Welsh poetry is the Black Book of Caermarthen; the first half of which appears to have been written as early at least as the beginning of the ninth century; but the latter part of it is of later date, being generally fuppofed the handwriting of Cynzèlw, about the year 1160, one of whofe productions, compofed in that year, is added at the end of the book." P. 217.

How it is that fo many Welsh manufcripts of fo high antiquity have been preferved, is fatisfactorily accounted for by Mr. O. who laments, at the fame time, that a number equal to what remains has perifhed through neglect within the last two hundred years; fiuce, as he fays, the higher ranks of Welshmen

Welshmen have withdrawn their patronage from the cultiva tion of the literature of their native country". How it was, in times when a better spirit prevailed, he thus relates.

"Before that time the bards were patronized, not only by the natives, but by the lords of the marches, and other ftrangers of diftinction, who obtained poffeffions in Wales, whofe policy it was to ingratiate themselves with the people, by encouraging their ancient learning.

Several of thefe ftrangers even furpaffed most of the natives in their zeal in this refpect; for, among the most diftinguished patrons of the bards, we can boaft of the following illuftrious names: Jafper and and William Herbert, Earls of Pembroke; Richard Nevill, Lord of Glamorgan; and Sir Richard Baffet, of Bewpyr Caftle. To the three perfonages laft named, and Sir Edward Lewis of Van, we owe a grateful remembrance, for being the means of preferving to us one of the most curious treasures of ancient times that any nation can produce; I mean the fyftem containing the inftitutes and difcipline of the bards of the Isle of Britain, as they always ftyled it themfelves, but which was more generally known by the name of Druidism. For fuch a purpose the above noblemen caufed feveral congreffes to be held*, for the bards to bring together whatever had been handed down to them from their predeceffors; all of which was carefully entered into books, by perfons appointed to perform that officet; this was the ftate of things in South Wales: a fimilar fpirit prevailed in the north district of that principality; and of the foreign families who fettled there, the names of feveral of the Salefburies, the Middletons, and the Bulkeleys, ftand diftinguished as patrons and writers, whose memories are ftill revered by the natives.

"To fuch a fpirit then is to be attributed the many collections of valuable manufcripts, which have been formed in different parts of Wales, and feveral of which still remain; and detached volumes also are commonly to be met with, in the hands even of obfcure individuals. Therefore, according to the nearest calculation that can be made, we have ftill preferved upwards of two thousand manufcript books, of various ages, from the beginning of the ninth, to the close of the fixteenth century." P. 214.

The Bardic Inftitutes, he afterwards informs us, were not regularly committed to writing till the congreffes took place; and "the original manufcripts then drawn up of fuch Inftitutes are in the collection of Mr. Turberville, at Llanaran, in Glamorganfhire." P. 219. Some account is alfo given of the remaining claffes above enumerated, and the paper forms a

"In the years 1467, 1612, and 1681.

"And it ought not to be forgotten, that the royal fanction was obtained from Henry VII. for holding fuch meetings of the bards, as it is ftated in the preface to the papers which contained the tranfactions of one of thofe affeinblies."

very fatisfactory document on the fubject of British literary antiquities.

The remains of a remarkable building in Southampton, of an architecture prior, or immediately fubfequent, to the Conqueft, are accurately defcribed and delineated by Sir H. Englefield, in Art. XIII. p. 84. The houfe ftands in a fituation formerly open to the fea, but now embarraffed and obfcured by other buildings, and has, in his opinion, the appearance of adwelling or palace. "Perhaps", he fays, "I indulge but a fond conjecture, when I confider it as poffibly the hall from which Canute, furrounded by his courtiers, viewed the rifing tide", &c. The conjecture is at leaft amufing to the imagination, though its foundation is poffibility only, not probability.

་་

Art. XVIII. p. 113. gives an account, with five plates, of two Runic or Saxo-Runic monuments in Cumberland, the font at Bridekirk, and an obelifk at Bewcaftle. In a paper on fome Roman antiquities difcovered in Cornwall (Art. xxxI.) mention is also made of a Cromlech discovered near the fame fituation, in which were found the remains of a human body there interred. The Cromlech had been thrown down and covered with earth, but the parts were all traced. See p. 227.

CLASS V. English Antiquities.

Some of these are rather of a trifling nature, fuch as a Gimmal, or double ring (Art. II. p. 7); yet this is made a vehicle for fome good philological remarks. Thefe gimmals are certainly mentioned by many of our old writers. Thus in one of the ftage directions for Lingua, an old play, we have, "Enter Anamneftes his Page, in a grave fattin fuit, &c. a gimmal ring, with one link hanging". Such a ring was proper to characterize Anamnestes, or recollection, being usually given as a token of remembrance.

There is nothing equally interefling, except to the family concerned, in the explanation of a carved chimney-piece, at Speke-Hall, in Lancashire (Art. IV. p. 20), which reprefents the pedigree of a family of Norris, for three generations.

In Art. IX. p. 40, the remains of a flone crofs, or square pillar, at Hemfby, in Norfolk, are defcribed by the Rev. W. Gibfon. The ufual fymbols of the four Evangelifts, not very rudely carved, and in rather bold relief, form the ornaments. of the four fides, and correfpond exactly with fculptures remaining alfo on the baptifmal font of the parish church of Hemfby. Finding fome other fragments apparently fimilar, though more mutilated, Mr. G. conjectures that they have been intended "to mark the extent of the fanctuary, or privileged F f BRIT, CRIT. VOL. XXIV. OCT. 1804.

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