Paren

168. A sum of money or a number that is spelled out thetic rep- should not be repeated in parenthesized figures, except in legal or commercial letters and instruments.

etition of numbers

Series represented by terminals

ABSURD: A little girl, apparently about twelve (12)
years old, sat three (3) seats ahead of me, crying.
"Oh dear!" I heard her moan. "My two (2)
brothers are dead."

Right: A little girl, apparently about twelve years old,
sat three seats ahead of me, crying. "Oh dear!" I
heard her moan. 66
My two brothers are dead."

169. When such repetition is made, (a) a parenthesized
sum should stand at the end of the expression that it
repeats, not elsewhere; and (b) a parenthesized number
should stand immediately after the number that it
repeats, not elsewhere.

WRONG: I enclose ($10) ten dollars. [a]
WRONG: I enclose ten ($10) dollars. [b]
Right: I enclose ten dollars ($10). [a]
Right: I enclose ten (10) dollars. [5]

170. A series of numbers or dates may be represented by the terminal members with a dash between them.

Right: Read pages 21-36, inclusive.

Right: The years 1840-1860 were for him a time of incessant struggle.

171. But an expression consisting of two terminal num-
bers or dates with a dash between should not be preceded
by a singular noun, or by the preposition from; if the
word from is used, the word to must also be used.

BAD: From page 2-6 the author discusses crawfish.
Right: From page 2 to page 6 the author discusses

crawfish.

Right: On pages 2-6 the author discusses crawfish.
BAD: The Revolution took place in the year 1775-1783.
Right The Revolution took place in the years
1775-1783.

172. Nor should such an expression be used otherwise Series rep than to designate a series.

ABSURD: Shakespeare was born 1564-1616.
Right: Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616.
Right: The period of Shakespeare's life, 1564-1616,
was rich in interesting events.

resented by terminals

Division between syllables

Follow

SYLLABICATION1

173. When a word is divided at the end of a line, the separation should be made between syllables, not elsewhere.

There is no uniform principle for determining just what are the several syllables of any given word; one must rely largely on learning, by observation and by reference to dictionaries, what is the correct syllabication in individual cases. Nevertheless, a good many errors may be avoided by the observance of the following simple rules:

174. Do not set apart from each other combinations pronuncia of letters the separate pronunciation of which is impos

tion

sible or unnatural.

(a) WRONG: Exc-ursion; go-ndola; illustr-ate; instruction; pun-ctuation.

Right: Ex-cursion; gon-dola; illus-trate; in-struction; punc-tuation.

(b) WRONG: Prostr-ate; pri-nciple; abs-urd; fini-shing; sugge-stion.

:

Right Pros-trate; prin-ciple; ab-surd; finish-ing; sugges-tion.

(c) WRONG: Nat-ion; conclus-ion; invent-ion; introd-uction; abbr-eviat-ion.

Right: Na-tion; conclu-sion; inven-tion; intro-duction; ab-brevia-tion.

(d) WRONG: Diffic-ult; tob-acco; exc-ept; univ-ersity; dislo-dgment.

Right: Diffi-cult; to-bacco; ex-cept; uni-versity; dislodg-ment.

1 See Exercise 678.

175. As a rule, divide between a prefix and the letter Prefixes following it.

WRONG: Bet-ween; pref-ix; antec-edent; conf-ine;
del-ight.

Right: Be-tween; pre-fix; ante-cedent; con-fine; de

light.

176. As a rule, divide between a suffix and the letter Suffixes preceding it. Divide, e.g., before -ing, ly, ment, -ed (when it is pronounced as a separate syllable, as in delight-ed), -ish, -able, -er, -est.

Right: Lov-ing; love-ly; judg-ment; invit-ed; Jew-
ish; punish-able; strong-er; strong-est.

BAD: star-ted; fee-ding.

Right: start-ed; feed-ing.

177. As a rule, when a consonant is doubled, divide Doubled

between the two letters.

ence of Rule 176 above.

This rule often takes preced

Right: rub-ber; ab-breviation; oc-casion; ad-dition;
af-finity; Rus-sian; expres-sion; omis-sion; com-
mit-tee; ex-cel-lent; stop-ping; drop-ping; ship-
ping; equip-ping.

consonants

etc.

178. Never divide in the midst of th pronounced as in Digraphs the or thin; sh as in push; ph as in phonograph; ng th, ch, sh as in sing; gn as in sign; tch as in fetch; and gh pronounced as in rough, or silent. Never divide ck except

in accordance with Rule 179 below.

WRONG: cat-holic; ras-hness; disc-harge; diap-hragm;
gin-gham.

Right: cath-olic; rash-ness; dis-charge; dia-phragm;
ging-ham.

WRONG: consig-nment; wat-ching; doug-hty.

Right: consign-ment; watch-ing; dough-ty.

The divisions post-humous, dis-habille, Lap-ham, nightin-gale, distin-guish, sin-gle, sig-nature, and Leghorn, form no exceptions to the foregoing rule, for in

Final le

Monosyllables

Syllables

of one letter

Position of the hyphen

them th, sh, etc. are pronounced each as two distinct sounds.

179. In dividing words like edible, possible, bridle, trifle, beagle, crackle, twinkle, staple, entitle, do not set le apart by itself; always place with it the preceding

consonant.

Right: edi-ble; possi-ble; bri-dle; tri-fle; bea-gle; crac-kle; etc.

180. A monosyllable,1 used either separately or as a part of a compound word, should never be divided at the end of a line.

WRONG: tho-ugh; thing-s; dropp-ed; stop-ped; steamboat; hou-sekeeper.

Right though; things; dropped; stopped; steamboat; house-keeper.

181. A monosyllabic1 word, in an inflectional1 form
that has an extra syllable, may of course be divided;
but the division should never be made within the stem
of the word. (Cf. Rule 176.)

BAD: star-ted; buil-ding; hee-ded.
Right: start-ed; build-ing; heed-ed.

182. A syllable of one letter should not be divided from the rest of the word.

BAD: a-lone; a-mong; man-y.
Right alone; among; many.

183. When a word is divided at the end of a line, the hyphen should be placed after the first element of the word, and there only; a hyphen should never be placed at the beginning of a line.

1 See the Grammatical Vocabulary, pp. 360 ff.