nor wine, nor contentiousness, nor must he be a lover of money. 6. In relation to others he must be hospitable, a lover of all that is good, and, in his personal habits, sober and holy and temperate. 7. He must take heed to his doctrine, not only holding fast the truth as it is in Christ, but he must exhort others in the truth and answer gainsayers, maintaining the faith in the world through learning and argument, through exhortation and life, so that in all things he may become not only a teacher of the Church, but a pattern to all. REV. F. W. FARRAR, D.D., LATE DEAN OF CANTERBURY, ENGLAND. THE papers in England and America have noted as a matter of public interest the death of the Dean of Canterbury, Dr. Farrar. Dr. Farrar was well known on both sides of the Atlantic. It is the custom of the Itinerants' Club to call attention from time to time to those who have become eminent as ministers of the Gospel. Dr. Farrar was one of the most eminent preachers and writers of his age. It was the privilege of the writer of this to hear him on different occasions in St. Margaret's Church, Westminster, London, the church of the House of Commons, of which he was pastor, and also in Westminster Abbey, of which he was at the time a canon. He was also Archdeacon of Westminster. He is best known as Canon Farrar. His transfer to the position of Dean of Canterbury was made at a later period in his life. He was an educator in his earlier years, and head master of Marlboro College. Dr. Farrar was known for his finished scholarship. A list of his books has been published, but it has not been noticed that his basal scholarship was linguistic, especially in the ancient languages. His later works, such as the Life and Work of St. Paul and Life of Christ, and works in his lighter vein, such as Darkness and Dawn, are best known to the public. In his earlier years, however, he wrote a book on Greek syntax, which was exceedingly luminous, and also on Language and Languages, which showed profound research and keen literary instincts. He also published a set of Greek grammar rules, which for simplicity and practicality have been very valuable. As a preacher he was clear in style, luminous in thought, and felicitous in expression. His sermons differed from Mr. Spurgeon's in that they did not have the deeply evangelistic flavor that belonged to the great London preacher to the masses. He was regarded as a reformer. At a time when the temperance cause was not as highly recognized as it ought to have been in the circles in which he moved, he was a champion of temperance. Dr. Farrar, in manner, was quiet, yet forcible. He was a man of fine personal appearance. He had a broad and high forehead, face rather square than round, was of medium height, and, until the later period of his life, seemed to enjoy vigorous health. He will long be remembered as a happy combination of the literary man, the reformer, the Christian preacher, and the Church dignitary. ARCHEOLOGY AND BIBLICAL RESEARCH. BABEL AND BIBLE. "BABEL UND BIBEL" is the alliterative and captivating title of a small brochure from the pen of Friedrich Delitzsch, professor of Assyriology in the University of Berlin. No publication of its size-only fifty-two pages, or not more than ten thousand wordshas attracted in recent years such general attention as this address of Professor Delitzsch. It has already passed through a very large number of editions, in several styles from the simple papercovered pamphlet to the edition de luxe. It has been sold by the tens of thousands in Europe and America. It has been translated into other European languages, thus securing a very large number of cultivated readers. The substance of the booklet was first delivered January 13, 1902, as a lecture in Berlin, at the Academy of Science before the Deutsche Orientalgesellschaft. Among the distinguished persons present was the brilliant young emperor of Germany. So pleased was his imperial majesty with the address that Professor Delitzsch was commanded to repeat it two weeks later at the royal castle, before a very select audience. Two of the most attentive listeners were the empress and Dr. Dryander, court preacher, both we believe, like the emperor himself, very orthodox and conservative in matters of religion and theology. The more conservative element in the Lutheran churches of Germany was pained at the hearty reception of the rationalistic Assyriologist at the imperial court, and the liberals were correspondingly elated over their new convert. But, alas, how doomed the latter were to bitter disappointment! for it now turns out that Professor Delitzsch was openly attacked not only by the preacher and the empress, but also by the emperor himself. The pamphlet is written in Professor Delitzsch's most brilliant and attractive style, and is a concise and graphic presentation of the most important results of the explorations in the TigrisEuphrates valleys. It is beautifully illustrated by fifty or more cuts and half-tones, representing various phases of ancient Babylonian life-domestic, religious, and military. In short, it is a splendid résumé, in popular style, of the more recent work done in Assyrian and Babylonian archæology. We say popular, for though written by one of the greatest archæologists of Europe, it is in no sense scientific, nor does it claim to be such. This fact helps very largely to account for the warm reception with which the brochure has been received by the public. But the greatest factor in its popularity arises from the fact that the pamphlet bears, as it were, the stamp of imperial approval. Had the emperor not attended the lecture at the Academy of Science, and especially, had he not asked the professor to repeat the same before a court audience, it is more than probable that the few erratic utterances of Delitzsch would have passed unnoticed into oblivion. Instead of that they have called forth an unusual number of replies from the leading archæologists of Europe and America. Lessing's criticism upon a certain work of Voltaire is very applicable to this pamphlet. When a friend of Lessing insisted that the work in question contained many good, as well as many new ideas, the great critic replied in his most satirical vein, and said, "Yes, I admit both propositions, but the good ideas are not new, and the new ones are not good." So in this booklet, the presentation of facts regarding the more recent discoveries in Babylonia and Assyria is most pleasingly and excellently done, but the deductions therefrom and their religious significance, are crude guesses and flippant assertions, purely subjective and unconvincing. So much so, that, as far as we know, but very few authorities either in Europe or America agree with him, though specialists of all schools, such as Barth, Cornill, Hommell, Kittell, Koenig, Klostermann, Kautzsch, Merx, Noeldeke, Oettli, Strack, Ward, and many others, have reviewed the brochure in public addresses, in the literary and Church periodicals, as well as in pamphlets. No one has criticised the little work on questions which are purely Assyriological, except in one or two points, for Delitzsch stands high in this field and ranks with such men as Scheil, Pinches, Hommell, Hilprecht, and Bezold. The venerable Noeldeke well said, at the recent International Congress of Orientalists, when the brochure was under discussion: "Outside of purely Assyriological problems, Delitzsch's judgment is very unreliable." The German emperor, referring to the discussion after the lecture, says: "Unfortunately he abandons the standpoints of the strict historian and Assyriologist, going into religious and theological conclusions which are quite nebulous. When he came to speak of the New Testament it became clear at once that he developed such quite divergent views regarding the person of our Saviour that I had to express the diametrically opposite view. He does not recognize the divinity of Christ, as a deduction therefrom, and asserts that the Old Testament contains no revelation about him as the Messiah. Here the Assyriologist and the historical investigator ceases and the theologian begins." Had Delitzsch stuck to his specialty, questions concerning his poor judgment might not have arisen. It was at first thought, and said, that Delitzsch had spoken thoughtlessly, without having weighed his words. This theory is no longer tenable, for now twelve months after his first declarations, he comes out in another address more strongly than before. Not only does he reiterate his former statements, but he emphasizes them; nay, more, he has gone much farther, for now, he openly declares that he does not believe in a personal revelation from God. The Old Testament is to him only a fragmentary col 470 Methodist Rev ARCHEOLOGY AND BIBLIC BABEL AND BIB "BABEL UND BIBEL" is the alliterative small brochure from the pen of Fried Assyriology in the University of Berl size-only fifty-two pages, or not more has attracted in recent years such gener of Professor Delitzsch. It has already ] number of editions, in several style covered pamphlet to the edition de lua tens of thousands in Europe and Amer into other European languages, thus s€ of cultivated readers. The substance livered January 13, 1902, as a lecture Science before the Deutsche Oriental tinguished persons present was the Germany. So pleased was his imper that Professor Delitzsch was comma later at the royal castle, before a ver most attentive listeners were the em preacher, both we believe, like the e and conservative in matters of reli conservative element in the Luthe pained at the hearty reception of at the imperial court, and the liber over their new convert. But, alas, bitter disappointment! for it now t was openly attacked not only by but also by the emperor himself. The pamphlet is written in Pr and attractive style, and is a co the most important results of Euphrates valleys. It is beaut cuts and half-tones, representin lonian life-domestic, religious splendid résumé, in popular st in Assyrian and Babylonian arc written by one of the greatest sense scientific, nor does it cl largely to account for the wa has been received by the p popularity arises from the were, the stamp of imperia tended the lecture at the A lection of Jewal innton, site sig even give the Ten Commate a ne 1 Now let un particularse. Amering a don da origin, but rather of Canessò sus. Ta To examine the matter more deta His deductions regarding the Ten 1 Biblical Research. 473 ions regarding the worship and the ly written Yahweh. He asserts that abylonians centuries before the time tes derived their system of Yahweh itself, from the Babylonians. He s found on three tablets of the time of Gen. xiv. His contention is that should be rendered Yahweh is God. logist who has deciphered the tablets even his friend and supporter, Bezold, -pi-ilu. Thus every candid critic will Assyria is most pleasingly and evenly dinh Delitzsch has failed to make a case as concerned, and as this is his chief Babylonians worshiped Jehovah cen so, that, as far as we but very races Moses, his deductions are purely fan ts also that the Israelites were directly Europe or America age in dng palin schools, such as Barth, Omill Ennels for their doctrine of monotheism. He mann, Kautsch, Men, Neil kain by a very doubtful etymological deothers, have reviewed in Hebrew word El, from which Eloah and literary and Church priords for God, are derived, means goal. No one has the peensus of opinion regarding the root meanpurely Assyriologial end in some form to God in all Semitic lanstands high in the fist Hebraists see in the word the idea of Pinches, Homelch, on the other hand, follows Lagarde, who well said, at the rest in pea verb meaning "to stretch out to" or "to the brochure was mirise Lagarde's own words, "Das Ziel aller Delitzsch expands ical problems, Deles Menschenstrebens." man emperor, The ancient Semitic word for God is El, and "Unfortunately heal toward which are directed the eyes of all and Assyring 1 the ancient Semitic nomads called El, or s this wonderful deduction: "And inasmuch the nature of things only one goal, we find naanitish races which settled in Babylonia as C., and to whom Hammurabi himself belonged, oper names as "God has given," "God be with help of my God, I go my way." Now we submit I assertions are any evidence, much less conclusive Babylonians were monotheists 2500 B. C. It has r, logic, nor history on its side. tions ces of Babylonia prove most conclusively that the ere polytheists during every period of their history, theism never took a firm root in their religious ideas. no longer of creation and the flood are full of polytheism. The of the recently discovered code of Hammurabi, that king and mighty conqueror, in whose reign, according those "beautiful proper names" above mentioned were |