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valleys, extending to New Merion, where it unites in lat. 35 N. with the southern portion of the Rocky mountains. Between the Rio Colorado and the Rio Grande del Norte some of the summits of the Sierra Madre exceed 10.000 feet in height above the sea, and are continually covered with snow. The geological structure of the Cordillera of Mexico is that of granitic and volcanic rocks, together with the micaceous, talouse, and clay slates, which form a consider able portion of the range, especially in the mining districts. So many of the rich silver mines of Mexico are found in porphyry, that its presence is regarded as particularly favorable for the existence of this metal. It is also found, however, in the metamorphic limestones, and in those called by Humboldt the Alpine and the Jura. In no part of the range of the Cordilleras in North and South America has the production of this metal been so great as in Mexico. It was estimated by Humboldt to be 10 times as great as that furnished by all Europe, and of the whole annual production of the globe. The annual yield was rated by him at about 1,541,015 lbs. troy. But of the gold the production was not much greater than that of Hungary and Transylvania, amounting in ordinary years only to 4,315 lbs. troy. The vegetation of the elevated country varies with its height. On the high plains the forests destroyed by the early Spanish settlers have never been renewed, though there are still to be seen fine open groves of gigantic oaks and pines, clear of undergrowth. The plains as seen about the city of Mexico are not always fertile, but have become sterile, and covered in many places with

saline incrustations.

CORDOVA. I. A celebrated city of Spain, and capital of the province of the same name, lat. 37° 52′ 15′′ N., long. 4° 49′ 37′′ W., 65 m. from Seville, is situated in a beautiful plain on the right bank of the Guadalquivir, here crossed by a Moorish bridge of 16 arches; pop. 58,000. Cordova is renowned for its picturesque buildings, its beautiful location, and for its unsurpassed cathedral, once a Moorish mosque. The town itself resembles eastern towns in its inconveniently narrow streets, and its want of ventilation and cleanliness. There are several churches and religious houses, a bishop's palace, a theatre, a museum, a lyceum, a plaza de toros, and several hospitals. The great mosque of Cordova was founded by Abderrahman I. the Wise, A. D. 786. It was an edifice of marvellous beauty, with a light, elegant roof, springing from clusters of slender pillars, and was lighted with 4,000 silver lamps. There were originally 1,200 pillars, but the Christians have taken away 400 to make an open space suitable for Christian worship. It was the Corduba of the Romans, the birthplace of the two Senecas and of Lucan the poet. It sided with the sons of Pompey, and after the battle of Munda it was taken by Caesar, when 23,000 of its inhabitants are said to have lost their lives. Its foundation is attributed to Marcellus, the commander in

the Celtiberian war (152 B. C.), and being peo pied by poor patricians of Rome, it was hence caed Colonia Patricia. Under the Goths, Cor dors was called "holy and learned." Osins, the friend of St. Athanasius and the counsel or of Constantine, was its bishop from the end of the 3d to the middle of the 4th century. Under the Moors, Cordova became the Athens of the West, the nurse of science, the cradle of great captains; produced Averroes, Maimonides, and other famous scholars; rose to be the capital of the Moorish empire of Spain, and the seat of the caliphate from 756 to 1031, eclipsing Bagdad by its splendor, and containing in the 10th century nearly 1,000,000 inhabi tants, 300 mosques, and 900 baths. After the overthrow of the caliphate, Cordova passed into the hands of various rulers. In the first half of the 13th century it was conquered and almost wholly destroyed by Ferdinand III. of Castile, a blow from which it never recovered. II. The province of Cordova, in the centre of Andalusia, divided into 15 districts, between lat. 37° 12' and 38° 44' N. and long. 3° 56′ and 5° 32′ W., bounded N. by the provinces of Badajoz and Ciudad Real, E. by the province of Jaen, S. by Granada and Malaga, and W. by Seville and Badajoz, divided into 2 parts (Sierra and Campiña) by the river Guadalquivir, and traversed in the north by the Sierra Morena and the Sierra de Cordova; area, 6,177 sq. m.; pop. in 1857, 362,538. The prov ince is deficient in water, and produces only grain sufficient for local consumption, but yields wine, oil, fruits, hemp, flax, saffron, honey, and wax in great abundance. Fine mules, and some of the celebrated Andalusian horses, are bred in this province. Bees, game, fish, and cattle are plentiful. The annual product of the sale of pigs averages $40,000. There are 107 mines of coal, copper, iron, silver, lead, and argentiferons lead. About 4,000 lbs. of silk are annually produced, and this industry is increasing constantly. III. A city of the Argentine confederation, capital of a province of the same name, situated in a narrow valley on the little river Primero, 387 m. from Buenos Ayres, lat. 31° 35′ S., long. 63° 50' W.; pop. recently esti mated by Tschudi at 22,000 to 25,000. By its situation it is sheltered from the north and south winds, and, in consequence, enjoys a fine climate during the spring and autumn. In summer, however, it suffers much from the heat. The city is well built, and contains a fine cathedral, the convent of Santa Catalina, and several other interesting buildings, among which is a large university, erected by the Jesuits, which was formerly a celebrated seat of learning, but has since lost its reputation. The Jesuits also collected a fine library here, which, on their expulsion, was removed to Buenos Ayres. Cordova is the centre of communication between Buenos Ayres and the upper provinces.--Cordova the province is the second state in im portance of the Argentine republic; bounded W. by Santiago del Estero, E. by Santa Fé, S.

by the Pampas, and W. by the provinces of Rioja, San Juan, and San Luis; pop. estimated by some authorities at 160,000, by others in 1855 at 90,000. (See ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.) The eastern and southern portions are barren and almost uninhabited; but the rest, especially the valleys of the mountains, are more fertile. The greater part, however, of the wheat consumed by the inhabitants is imported. Many small streams flow down from the Cordova mountains, but most of them are absorbed in the desert. The Tercero, during the rainy season, however, flows into the Carcarañial, and thus into the Parana. The raising of cattle and sheep is the occupation of the greater part of the inhabitants, who live not so much in towns as in the country. Tschudi, the famous traveller, has recently published interesting accounts of the ornithology of Cordova and of its increasing coasting trade. IV. Capital of the district of Cordova, in the Mexican state of, and 57 m. from the city of Vera Cruz, at the foot of the volcano of Orizaba; pop. about 6,500. It is well built, possesses a fine cathedral and a naval academy, has manufactories of cotton, woollen stuff, and leather, and trades in sugar, cotton, and tobacco, the adjoining country being very productive, especially in the latter article.

CORDOVA, FRANCISCO FERNANDEZ DE, a Spanish navigator, born in the latter part of the 15th century, died in 1518. He was the discoverer of Yucatan, which he visited in 1517, and had several encounters with the natives. He lost some of his men, and two were taken prisoners and carried up the country. Shortly after his return to Cuba he died but the account he gave of his discoveries led to a new expedition under Juan de Grijalva, to whom was subsequently assigned the honor of the discovery.

CORDOVA, José M., a South American general, born at Antioquia, New Granada, about 1797, slain Oct. 17, 1829. At the age of 15 he left his father, who belonged to the Spanish party, and joined a band of guerrillas, among whom he soon became noted for his intrepidity in their contests with the Spaniards. At the battle of Boyaca, Aug. 8, 1819, he won the rank of colonel. Not long after he was appointed general, and distinguished himself at the battle of Ayacucho, after which he was made general of division on the field. In Sept. 1828, he be came head of the war department of the republic of Colombia, under Bolivar, but, a year afterward, revolted against him. He found but few adherents, however, and being attacked, Oct. 17, by a force greatly superior to his own, was slain with most of his followers.

CORDOVA, LUIS FERNANDEZ DE, a Spanish general, born in Cadiz in 1799, died in Lisbon, April 29, 1840, took a prominent part in the movement of 1820 as a constitutionalist, and in that of July 7, 1822, as an absolutist. He officiated afterward on diplomatic missions abroad, and eventually deserting the forlorn cause of

Don Carlos, he espoused that of Christina and Isabel, took a distinguished part in the battle of Mendigorria, was appointed commander-inchief of the Christinos as successor of Valdez, but unable to finish the war, he was driven from office after the movement of 1836, and fled to France, whence he soon returned to Spain. He now conspired with the party of Narvaez against Espartero, but retired to Portugal when the latter came into power.-FERNANDO FERNANDEZ DE, a Spanish general and statesman, brother of the preceding, born in Madrid in 1792, entered the military service in 1810, and was rapidly promoted during the war with Napoleon. In 1841 he was implicated with Gen. Concha in the movement instigated by O'Donnell against Espartero. In 1847 he officiated for a short time as minister of war, and was appointed inspecting general of the infantry. Two years afterward he was sent to Gaeta in Italy at the head of an army to aid in the restoration of the pope. On March 8, 1850, he was nominated captain-general of New Castile, in the following year to the same position in Cuba, and in 1853 general-in-chief of the cavalry. Immediately after the outbreak of the revolution of 1854, he was called upon by Queen Isabel to form a new cabinet. This he declined, but he ordered his soldiers to fire upon the insurgents, and when the latter proved victorious, he fled to France in the night of July 27. In 1856 he returned to Spain, and was reinstated in his position of general, without, however, resuming active service.

CORDOVAN, a kind of fine leather, takes its name from Cordova in Spain, where it was originally made by the Moors. It is now made principally in the Barbary states.

COREA, a kingdom on the E. coast of Asia, N. E. of China; area about 90,000 sq. m.; pop. from 10,000,000 to 12,000,000. It comprises a peninsula 400 m. long and 150 broad, the islands adjacent, and a part of the neighboring continent. Total length of the country from N. to S. somewhat less than 600 m., between lat. 33° 20' and 43° N. The coast is rugged and barren, and the N. portion cold and mountainous, but in the W. part the climate is more genial and the soil more fertile. It produces fruits, cotton, wheat, rice, millet, tobacco, ginseng, hemp, and legumes. There are mines of gold, silver, iron, copper, and coal, and rock salt is also found, but the inhabitants are mostly occupied with agriculture and the raising of cattle and horses. Cotton, silk, arms, and paper are manufactured. Paper they use for hats, umbrellas, and cloaks, and for various other purposes, and large quantities of it are exported to China. The only foreign trade is that carried on with China and Japan, and this is not very extensive. There are some disciples of a religion similar to that of the Sin-tu in Japan, and some followers of Confucius, but the predominant religion is Buddhism. The government is despotic, and though tributary to China and Japan, the freedom of its action is uncontrolled. The army of

Corea is estimated at 640,000 men, and the navy at 200 vessels. The political organization is similar to that of China. The king unites in his person temporal and spiritual authority, The ministry is divided into 5 departments, and the country into 8 provinces, each of which is ruled by special governors, who, as in Japan, are responsible to the government. The capi tal, King-ki-tao, is situated on the Kiang river, in the centre of the kingdom, lat. 37° 40′ N., and long. 127° 20' E.-The ARCHIPELAGO OF COREA is a group of small islands in the Yellow sea, on the W. coast of the peninsula of Corea, extending from lat. 33° 29' 42" N., long. 126° 56′ 30′′ E., to lat. 36° 50' N. They are most numerous and thickly strewn between lat. 34° and 35°. The islands are chiefly of granite rock, some of them rising to the height of 2,000 feet above the sea. Some of them, however, are fertile, and the houses of the wealthy inhabitants are delightfully situated.

CORENTYN, or ČORANTYN, a river of South America, navigable by boats for a distance of 150 m. from the sea. It rises in Mount Acarai, and after forming the boundary line between British and Dutch Guiana, enters the Atlantic by an estuary about 25 m. wide at its mouth. Sir R. Schomburgk ascended the Corentyn in 1836 as far as lat. 4° 21′ 30′′ N., long. 57° 36′ 30" W., where the river forms a series of cataracts 900 yards across.

CORFU (anc. Corcyra), the most northern and most important of the Ionian islands, separated from the coast of Albania by an irregular channel, lies between lat. 39° 21' and 39° 51' N., long. 19° 36′ and 20° 8' E.; area, 227 sq. m.; pop. in 1856, 52,000. The island was supposed by the ancients to be identical with the Homeric Scheria, where were the gardens of Alcinous and the "aërial Phæacian summits." Its form is that of a curve; hence its ancient name Drepane, or the Sickle. Its length from N. W. to S. E. is about 40 m. Its breadth varies at different points; in the N. part of the island it is 20 m.; a little S. of this it is but 6 m.; in the vicinity of the city of Corfu it increases to 11; still further S. the island contracts in width to 3 m., and finally terminates in a high narrow cape. It has ever been celebrated for its fertility; and even in the most ancient times it abounded in luxurious groves of olive and cypress. The principal products of the island beside fruits are salt, honey, wine, and olive oil, the latter amounting in ordinary seasons to 190,000 barrels.-CORFU, the capital, pop. in 1856, 15,921, is the seat of government and of the legislative assembly, of a Greek archbishop, and a Catholic bishop. It consists of 3 parts, the citadel, the town, and the suburbs, possesses a good harbor, 2 strong castles, the palace of the lord high commissioner, an arsenal and barracks, several churches and charitable institutions, a gymnasium, and a university founded in 1823 by Lord Guildford, containing a botanical garden and a public library. The number of students attending the various pub

lic institutions amounted in 1853 to abost (5) beside several private schools. The para Corfu numbers about 2,000, and a large preportion of the 9,500 foreign real nts of Ionian islands reside there. An Iot an lane is established there, with branches at Cerca ma and Zante. According to the rept of tiæ lord high commissioner to the B porume ment, dated July 18, 1857, the testerity of Corfu is continually increasing. arrived in Corfu, Nov. 24, 1858, un a special mission from England.-The earliest unient fact which we can record in the history of Corcyra, is its colonization by the Coratians about 700 B. C. The fertility of the so commercial advantages of the island at on stimulated the enterprise of its people, and wor made it one of the first maritime powers Greece and the formidable rival of the meth city Corinth. Thus the friendly relations wit generally subsisted between the Grecian eram and the colonies were early interrupted betwas Corinth and Corcyra. About the year 660 B. C. the Corcyrean fleet met and vanquished the narai force which the mother city had sent against 1, and this battle is cited by Thucydides se Lec liest naval engagement on record. In the Persian wars the Corcyreans, according to Herës tus, deserted the national cause, and subsequently by invoking the aid of Athens against Germa they kindled the Peloponnesian war, in w for a time they acted a somewhat impetus part, but which finally stripped them of thes influence and power. For the next 2 centuries their fortunes were various, and they often found themselves but the sport of other Grecian p ers. Indeed, they scarcely regarded it as a s fortune when in 229 B. C. the island fell into the hands of the Romans. It was at the beginning of the 15th century conquered by the Ve tians, and afterward often but unsuccessfully a tacked by the Turks. Corcyra, under its m&r name Corfu, is now one of the 7 Ionian wa under the protection of Great Britain. The principal city of the island bore the same name, and was situated on the eastern coast, ale south of the modern town of Corfu, where a promontory is pointed out as the ancient Arr > olis. Among its public buildings were the tem ples of Jupiter, Juno, Bacchus, and Alcinas, of which no traces now remain.

CORIANDER, the seeds of the coriavērum sativum, a plant growing wild in many parts of Europe, the fruit of which is imported to Las country. The fresh plant when bruised has an extremely unpleasant odor, but when dred the smell and taste are agreeable. In medicine, a is used principally, combined with nas$ preparations, either to improve their tate or to mitigate their effects.

CORINTH, a city in the Morea, near the S W. extremity of the isthmus of the same between the gulfs of Corinth and Eins 40 m from Athens, lat. 37° 58′ 22′′ N. long. 2.72 29" E., celebrated in the ancient history of Greece, and one of the cities of modern Grovca

until Feb. 21, 1858, when it was destroyed by an earthquake. Mr. Bayard Taylor, who visited it soon afterward, found the greater part of the city in ruins, and deserted by most of its inhabitants, who had numbered about 4,000. The modern Corinth was the seat of an archbishop, and was noted for its flourishing trade in raisins and other articles.-The origin of Corinth dates far back, and is lost in mythical obscurity. An ancient tradition represents it to have been founded by Ephyra, daughter of Oceanus, whose name it bore till Corinthus, the reputed son of Zeus, having greatly improved and enlarged it, gave it his own name. The territory of Corinth, known as the Corinthia, extending around the city on every side, was of very limited extent. It was bounded N. by Megaris, E. by the Saronic gulf, S. by Argolis, and W. by Sicyonia. It was for the most part mountainous and barren; the rocky sides of the Gerancian range on the N., the sandy plain of the isthmus, and the rugged Oneian hills, offered no reward for the labors of the husbandman. The only truly good land in the territory was found in the plain on the N. W. of the city, extending along the coast in the direction of Sicyon; a plain so celebrated for its fertility, that to possess "what lies between Corinth and Sicyon" became in ancient Greece a proverbial expression for great wealth. The dense population of the Corinthia could not, of course, be supported from the productions of its soil; and accordingly, applying themselves to commercial pursuits, they early made Corinth one of the first maritime powers of Greece. Their merchant vessels carried commerce westward over the Ionian seas, and along the shores of the Mediterranean, while eastward they traversed the Ægæan, and visited the Hellespont and the Pontus. The trade of the East and of the West met in the great emporium of Corinth. The most striking natural feature in the Corinthia was the Acrocorinthus, the Acropolis of Corinth. This is a rocky hill rising abruptly in its isolated grandeur to the height of 1,885 feet, and is the art in immanem altitudinem edita of Livy. Col. Mure remarks of it, that "neither the Acropolis of Athens, nor the Larissa of Argos, nor any of the more celebrated mountain fortresses of western Europe, not even Gibraltar, can enter into the remotest competition with this gigantic citadel." On the N. side of this stood the ancient city, which was 5 miles in circumference, though its entire perimeter, enclosing the Acrocorinthus, was upward of 10 miles. It was situated some little distance inland from either coast, but had 2 excellent port towns, viz.: Lechæum on the gulf of Corinth, with which it was connected by means of "long walls," and Cenchres on the Saronic gulf. Of the topography of the city as it existed in the flourishing periods of Grecian history, we are comparatively ignorant; though of the Roman city afterward built upon its ruins we have much fuller accounts. Ancient

Corinth, we are assured, was one of the finest cities in all Greece; it was adorned with the most sumptuous buildings; its public squares and temples, its theatres and porticoes, were famed in antiquity. For much of our knowledge of this interesting city we are indebted to Pausanias, who visited it in the 2d century of our era. In the port Lechæum, he specifies the temple of Neptune and a brazen statue of that god, and at Cenchrea a temple of Venus and a stone statue. He describes the agora or forum as surrounded by temples and adorned with columns and statues. In this stood the statues of Bacchus and of Diana of the Ephesians; here too was the temple of Fortune, with its statue of Parian marble; here the temple dedicated to all the gods, adjoining which was a fountain surmounted by a brazen Neptune. Near by stood statues of Apollo Clarius and of Venus; also 2 of Mercury and 3 of Jupiter; while conspicuous among them all, in the very centre of the agora, stood a Minerva of bronze on a pedestal adorned with a beautiful bass-relief of the muses. Such was the agora. North of this was the Propylæa, surmounted by two gilded cars, the one bearing Phaeton, the other the sun. Beyond stood a brazen Hercules, near which was the celebrated fountain Pirene, so called from a nymph fabled to have dissolved in tears at the death of her daughter, who had been accidentally slain by Diana. This fountain, constructed of white marble, was celebrated for the salubrity of its waters, which issued from artificial caverns, and were collected in an open basin. This was so celebrated in antiquity, that Pindar characterizes Corinth as the "city of Pirene;" and the Delphic oracle, according to Herodotus, speaks of the Corinthians as "those who dwell around the beautiful Pirene." The ascent to the citadel was lined on either side with temples and altars, 9 of which are mentioned by Pausanias; while on the summit itself stood the famed temple of Venus, to which goddess the entire Acrocorinthus was, especially consecrated. In the days of Corinthian luxury and opulence, this shrine is said to have been attended by 1,000 female slaves. On the street which led from the agora to Sicyon stood the temple of Apollo, some traces of which still remain in the N. W. outskirts of the modern town. Leake, in commenting upon these ruins, says: "The temple seems to have been a hexastyle about 75 feet in breadth. . . . . Its dimensions and its situation, which is one of the most beautiful and commanding in Greece, show that it was one of the chief, or rather the principal temple of the lower city.... The temple of Neptune was the chief building at the isthmus; that of Venus occupied the summit of the Acrocorinthus; the temple of Apollo, therefore, was probably the chief sacred building in the lower town of Corinth."The earliest rulers of Corinth are represented as Eolians, though a large proportion of the population were no doubt Ionians.

The re

puted founder of the ancient dynasty was Sisyphus, whose avarice and cunning have been interpreted as typifying the commercial enterprise and habits of a rude, unscrupulous maritime people. Under this dynasty the city is represented to have been very prosperous, and to have grown in wealth and power. For the first really historical fact in the annals of this ancient city, we are indebted to Thucydides, who tells us that the Dorian invaders, as they descended to the conquest of the Peloponnesus, took possession of the hill Solygia, near the Saronic gulf, from which they carried on war against the Eolian inhabitants of Corinth, till they reduced the city. Aletes, their leader, became the first Dorian king, and the founder of a dynasty, which, continuing through 12 generations, according to tradition, ruled upward of 300 years. During this period, Corinth, though thus ruled by Dorian kings, and regarded as a Dorian city, did not by any means conform to all the severe institutions of the Dorians; the commercial connections and importance of the city, the luxury and wealth which foreign trade introduced, exerted a powerful influence upon the fortunes of the state. In the year 747 B. C., the powerful Dorian family known as the Bacchiada succeeded in abolishing royalty, and in electing one of their own number as annual prytanis, or president. Thus was established an oligarchy which lasted till 657 B. C., when it was overthrown by Cypselus. Under the Bacchiads, we find Corinth at the very dawn of Grecian history already distinguished for commercial enterprise, wealth, and power; then she stood preeminent even among those cities which in the meridian ages of Grecian glory far surpassed her in greatness and power. It was under the Bacchiads that Syracuse and Corcyra were colonized by the Corinthians; it was probably under them also that the first navy of triremes, or war galleys, was launched upon the Grecian waters. Thucydides expressly assures us that the Corinthians were the first of the Greeks who made use of triremes or galleys with three banks of oars. Cypselus overthrew the Bacchiad dynasty by espousing the cause of the people against the nobles, and then made himself despot of the city, thus establishing a new dynasty, which for a period of 74 years ruled Corinth with great energy and skill. The sway of Cypselus was mild and popular; that of Periander, his son and successor, cruel and oppressive. But both these rulers unquestionably did much to advance the prosperity and power of the state. The numerous Corinthian colonies planted under their sway fully attest the growing strength of the city; and indeed, at no period in its long and eventful history was Corinth more respected, whether by friend or foe, than under their rule. Periander also patronized letters and art. He took delight in the company of the learned, and welcomed to his court the poet Arion and the philosopher Anacharsis, By some he was classed among the seven sages

of Greece. Psammetichus, the last of the des pots of Corinth, was undoubtedly deposed by the Spartans, who were ever the avowed ete mies of the Grecian despots. From this time Corinth became the firm ally of Sparta, and prominent member of the Peloponnestan odfederacy. Its government became a mad and moderate. aristocracy, and long enjoyed the greatest internal tranquillity. Its relatives to Athens were also entirely friendy, tui the growing prosperity and power of the anter state subsequent to the Persian wars beat to excite jealousy. Megara was long a subject of contention between them; and when at angth Athens extended a helping hand to Corcyrs against the mother city, Corinth, aroused to bitter hate, exerted all her influence to indure the Peloponnesian confederacy to declare war against her powerful enemy. Thus commenced the Peloponnesian war, throughout which Co inth acted an important part; at first, indeed, the furnished almost the entire Peloponnesian feet. Her great object was to humble Athens; ami sa implacable was her hatred, that when the peace of Nicias was concluded in the year 421 B. C. she positively refused to ratify it; and when at length she saw the power of her great ereczy broken in the disastrous defeat of gootami, she urged the confederacy to raze the city a the ground. But Sparta, more magnanimous to her fallen rival and foe, would not consent that "one of the eyes of Greece" should se thus put out. But it was not long before the Spartans, rendered haughty by their victores, began in their turn to excite the jealousy of the other Grecian states; and the Corinthians were ready at once to unite with the Boca, the Argives, and even their mortal enemos te Athenians, in a war against them. This cu test, known in history as the Corinthian war, lasted from 394 to 387 B. C., when the infa mous peace of Antalcidas restored Corinth so the Lacedæmonian alliance, to which she remained faithful in the Theban war. In 146 Timophanes, attempting to establish tyranny, was killed by his brother Timoleon. After the battle of Charonea, the Macedonians tod possession of the city, and stationed a strung garrison in the fortress of the Acrocorintions; but after the defeat of Philip at Cynosceptam, 197 B. C., Corinth, now declared free by the Ho mans, was again united to the Achman league, which it originally joined 143 B. C. At the head of the league, Corinth struck the last bet in defence of Greece, and then fell herself before the conquering legions of Rome, in the year 146 B. C. Muminius, the Roman consul, on entering the city as victor, put the men to death, and sold the women and children into slavery; he plundered the city of its precios treasures, and consigned it to the flames. From this time Corinth remained desolate for a ecttury, when a colony was planted there ty Julius Cæsar, which made it once more s pros perous and populous city. It was of coune this Roman city which St. Paul visited a cen

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