(b). Abbey Dore, Hereford. Bishop Peter le Breton. 1275. Freestone slab 15 inches by 9 inches tapering to 9 inches. Bishop's effigy with head resting on cushion. Lombardic incised inscription on dexter and sinister sides only. SANCTVM: XPISTE : IOHANNIS : SERVA: PONTIFICIS : COR.

(ii). Military Cross-legged in chain mail and surcoat. (a). Mappowder, Dorset. (? a Coker), thirteenth century. Caen stone effigy, two feet in length, hands holding heart, within niche of Ham Hill stone. South wall of nave.

(b). Horstead Keynes, Sussex (? a de Cahaignes). Thirteenth century. Caen stone effigy 30ins. in length, no shield, hands broken but apparently did not hold a heart. Within trefoil headed niche north wall of chancel.

(c). Bottesford, Leicestershire. Sir William de Albini. 1236. Purbeck Marble effigy, legs missing, hands did not hold heart. North wall of chancel. Formerly in Belvoir Priory with inscription.

(d). Little Easton, Essex (? a Louvaine). Mid-thirteenth century. Caen stone effigy, two feet in length, no heart in hands. It is now fixed to the altar slab of a fourteenth century tomb with elaborate decorated canopy, north side of sanctuary. (e). Tenbury, Worcestershire (? a Sturmey), c. 1200.

Freestone effigy, 24 feet in length, hands holding heart, the figure, greatly mutilated, is now fixed to the slab of a later tomb, beneath a fine decorated canopy.

(f). Letchworth, Herts. Diminutive effigy c 1290.

Much worn and defaced, holding heart in hands, now on sill of north-east window of nave. (Royal Commission of Historical

Monuments, Hertfordshire).

(g). Long Wittenham, Berks. Thirteenth century.

On the front edge of a piscina in the south chapel, is a tiny recumbent effigy of a knight in chain mail and surcoat, sheath

ing his sword. On the trefoil headed arch above are two flying angels. (F. H. Crossley's English Church Monuments, p. 181 and plate).

(iii). Other Diminutive Effigies.

(a). Haccombe, Devon. A Courteney. Fourteenth century. Alabaster effigy 2ft. 3ins. in length, in civilian dress with baudric. (Crossley op. cit. p. 181).

(b). Therfield, Herts. c 1340.

(Royal

'In the vestry a stone with minute recumbent effigy in curious position and two female figures in relief." Commission on Historical Monuments, Hertfordshire).

(iv). Hearts held by hands (No effigies).

(a). Chichester Cathedral (? Maud, Countess of Arundel, 1270). Purbeck Marble slab, 38ins. by 22ins. carved in relief with a trefoil enclosing a pair of arms and hands holding a heart. Lombardic inscription mostly worn way.

ICI GIST: LE COEVR: MAVD : DE.

(b). Bredon, Worcestershire. Thirteenth century.

On a flat slab within a plain mural arch in the south aisle, sculptured in low relief, a pair of arms and hands holding a heart, rising from the top of a heater-shaped shield, the whole device thus forming a horizontal vesica. (Figured in Boutel's Christian Monuments, p. 114).

(c). Burford, Shropshire. Monument with heart, 1436, and the following inscription :—

"Oh God my soule I do bequeath to rest in heaven hie

And there my corps to be interred where I shall hap to die,

My heart unto my native Soyle for burial I betake,

My faith unto my friends i yeeld, this is the will I make." Here lyeth the heart of Edmond Cornewale, Esq., soane and heyre unto Sir Rychard Cornwayle of Burford, Knt., who travelling to know forraine countries died at Collenne the XIV.

yeer of Henry VI. and willed his servants to bury his body there and to enclose his heart in lead and convey it to Burford to be buryed." (Nash's Worcester, Vol. II. Correct. and Addits. p. 79).

(d). Mereworth, Kent. Monument, 1535.

A canopied tomb in Tudor style, on the slab of which is carved in relief a heart held by two hands. The monument contains the heart of George Neville third Lord Bergavenny, K.G. died the 27th of Henry VIII. His body rests in Berling Church. (Drummond's Noble British Families, Illustrated).

(V). BRASSES.

Many early brasses of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries have full length or half effigies holding hearts in their hands (e.g. at Buslingthorpe c 1310) which must not be confused with heart burials. (Vide Haines Manual of Monumental Brasses, pp. cvii to cix. in part I.)

(a). Wiggenhall St. Mary, Norfolk. c 1450.

Brass consisting of a heart and four scrolls surrounding it thus inscribed in black letter. (Mutilated).

Orate pro aia dni Roberti — [kervile milit]is de Wygenale-fillii Edmundi kervile de—[Wygenbale, cujus cor bic bumatur]

(Boutel's Christian Monuments, p. 112, figured, and Haines, Vol. I., p. cviii).

(b). Saltwood, Kent. Dame Anne de Muston. 1496.

The brass consists of an angel issuing from clouds and holding a heart; beneath is an inscription :

here lieth the bowell of Dame Anne Muston late the wyf of Willm Muston which Dame Anne decessid the VF30 day of September ye yere of or Lord McFFFFL XXXXVF on whose soull ibu bave mercy.

A shield of arms below. (Figured, Belcher's Kentish Brasses, Vol. 2., p. 120).

(c). Wedmore, Somerset. Capt. Thomas Hodges. c 1630.

A mural brass consisting of an inscription between two standards, and above it a heart inscribed I Wovnded not Vangvisht" and surrounded by laurels it commemorates Capt. Thomas Hodges "who at the siege of ANTWERPE about 1583 with vnconquerd courage wonne two Ensignes from the ENEMY: where receiuing his last wound he gaue three legacyes, his soule to his LORD IESVS, his body to be lodged in Flemish earth, his heart to be sent to his deare wife in England." (Haines I., p. cix.).

NOTES.

The Wooden Effigy at Ayot St. Lawrence, Herts formerly known as "The Boy Templar," mentioned by Grose (Antiq. Vol. I. Addits. to preface p. 146) and Gough (Vol. II., p. cix), no longer exists.

The small figure in a niche at Dartington, Devon, referred to by Hutchins (History of Dorset 3rd Edit. Vol. III., p. 732 and plate) as "an ecclesiastic only 2ft. 8ins. long," has completely disappeared.

The heart of Ralph de Stopham, Lord of Bryanston, who died 1272, was interred beneath the font in Bryanston Church, Dorset, with this inscription on the pedestal " HIC : IACET : COR: RADVLPHI : DE : STOPHAM." (Hartshorne's Enshrined Hearts, p. 107, and Hutchins' History of Dorset, Vol. 1., p. 264).

The Records of the Turnpike Trustees of the Poole, Wimborne and Cranborne Trust,

COMPILED FROM NOTES OF A LECTURE GIVEN

By E. KAYE LE FLEMING, B.A., M.B.,
on 8th February, 1927.

JURNPIKE Roads derive their name from the fact of their having (toll) gates, bars, or turns, upon them. The first general Turnpike Act of Parliament was that of 13 George III. c.84; but before that time there were many local Acts in operation. It was more than half a century before the days of Macadam. Many of the roads throughout the country were notoriously bad, and their improvement was very necessary. Under these Acts, Trustees were appointed, to whom powers were given to take compulsorily any land that might be required for the purpose of making, or widening roads; and to raise money for this purpose, as well as for the maintenance of the roads by the erection of toll-gates, and by the levying of a tax, or toll, upon all who passed through them.

In this connection, an Act was passed in 1755, " for repairing and widening several roads leading from a gate called Poole Gate in the Town and County of Poole." Amongst the towns, etc., and districts involved were Winborne, Blandford, Ringwood, Lytchett, etc., in which the roads were described as being in a ruinous Condition, narrow in many Places, and dangerous to Travellers, and the same cannot be effectually repaired and widened without the Act of Parliament."