British Colonial Possessions, by which that government prohibit the access of the United States' vessels to all their colonial ports, except those immediately bordering upon our own territories. The British government have not only declined negotiation upon this subject, but by the principles they have assumcd, have precluded eyen the means of negotiation. It becomes not the selfrespect of the United States, says the Message, either to solicit gratuitous favors, or to accept as the grant of a favor, that for which an ample equivalent is exacted. It remains to be determined by the respective governments whether the trade shall be opened by acts of reciprocal legislation.

With the other maritime and commercial nations of Europe, our intercourse continues, with little variation. A new Treaty of Amity, Navigation, and Commerce has been concluded with the kingdom of Sweden; and the negotiation of a Treaty of Amity, and Commerce is in progress with the Hanseatic Republics of Hamburg, Lubec, and Bremen.

In turning from the concerns of our Union, in its intercourse with foreign nations, to those of most importance in our internal affairs, the Message continues, we find the revenues of the present year corresponding to the anticipations of the Jast, and presenting an aspect still more favorable in the promise of the next. The balance in the Treasury on the first of January last, was $6,358,686 18. The receipts from that time to the 30th September, amounted to $16,886,581 32; the amount of the present quarter is estimated at $4,515,000, making a total estimate of $21,401,581. The expenditures amount to $22,300,000, being an excess of expenditures over the receipts of $898,419. But of the $22,000,000, more than 6,000,000 have been applied to the discharge of the public debt, which it is expected will be reduced, on the first of January, 1828, to about sixty-seven millions and a half.

During the past summer a portion of the army was employed in suppressing some warlike movements of the Winnebago and other tribes of Indians. A timely display of the defensive and protective power of the Union was attended with the happiest effect-that of preventing the shedding of blood, by

overawing the hostile intentions of the Indians, and restoring tranquility and peace among those of our fellow citizens who were menaced. The army is said to be susceptible of improvement, though its present organization is satisfactory.

The fortification of the coasts, and the gradual increase and improvement of the navy, are parts of a great system of national defence, which has been upwards of ten years in progress, and which, for a series of years to come, will continue to claim the constant and persevering protection and superintendence of the legislative authority. Among the measures which have emanated from these principles, the act of the last session of Congress for the gradual improvement of the navy holds a conspicuous place.

The report from the Postmaster General exhibits the condition of that Department as highly satisfactory for the present, and still more promising for the future. Its receipts for the year ending the first of July last, amounted to one million four hundred and seventy-three thousand, five hundred and fifty-one dollars. The receipts exceeded the expenditure upwards of one hundred thousand dollars.

It cannot be an over sanguine estimate to predict, that in less than ten years, of which one half have elapsed, the receipts will have been more than doubled. In the mean time, a reduced expenditure upon established routes has kept pace with increased facilities of public accommodation, and additional services have been obtained at reduced rates of compensation. Within the last year, the transportation of the mail, in stages, has been greatly augmented. The number of post offices has been increased to seven thousand.

The public lands will, as heretofore, occupy the attention of Congress. By a report from the general land office, it appears that nearly thirty-three millions of dollars have been paid by the United States government for this portion of the public property. The amount of land acquired by the purchase of Louisiana and Florida, and the extinction of the aboriginal titles, is nearly two hundred and sixty millions of acres; one hundred and thirtynine millions of which had been surveyed on the 1st of January, 1826, and about nineteen millions had been sold.

Many persons who purchased lands have been unable to meet their engagements, and several acts for their relief have been passed. The president recommends the continuance for a further term of the beneficial accommodations to this class of the public debtors, and justly remarks, that it can never be the interest or the policy of the nation to wring from its own citizens the reasonable profits of their industry and enterprise, by holding them to the rigorous import of disastrous engagements. The Message concludes by a specification of other topics, which have heretofore been recommended, and which are still worthy the attention of Congress. Among these are the debt, rather of justice than gratitude, to the surviving warriors of the revolutionary war; the extension of the judicial administration of the Federal Government, to those extensive and important members of the Union, which, having risen into existence since the organization of the present judiciary establishment, now constitute at least one third of its territory and population; the formation of a more effective and uniform system for the government of the militia; and the melioration, in some form or modification, of the diversified and often oppressive codes relating to insolvency. Amidst the multiplicity of topics of great national concernment, which may recommend themselves to the calm and patriotic deliberations of the legislature, it may be sufficient to say, that on these, and all other measures which receive their sanction, my hearty co-operation will be given, conformably to the duties enjoined upon me, and under the sense of all the obligations prescribed by the constitution.

Turkey and Greece.-It has seldom fallen to our lot to record a more interesting event than that of the destruction of the Turkish and Egyptian fleets, by the squadrons of the Allied powers. If ever the effusion of blood is justifiable, we think such an occasion is furnished by the oft-repeated perfidy and cruelty of the Turks and their dependents: and we can hardly feel that the chastisement, great as it appears, was equal to their crimes.

This victory was obtained in the harbor of Navarino, near the South West point of the Morea, on the 20th

There were, besides, about forty transports and other vessels formed behind the Turkish fleet.

We learn from the British admiral, Sir Ed. Codrington, that the combined fleets finding it necessary to enter the harbor of Navarino, to enforce the armistice to which Ibrahim Pacha had agreed, but which he was violating, by his cruelties upon the Greeks, were fired upon by the Turkish and Egyptian ships. A general and bloody engagement ensued, which continued four hours, and resulted in the entire destruction of the combined Turkish marine. It seemed the determination of the Turks to perish rather than surrender; and nearly their whole fleet was destroyed without being captured. Of their force, one line-of-battle ship was burned; two driven on shore, wrecks; one double frigate sunk; one on shore a wreck; two burned; fifteen frigates burnt and sunk; three on shore, wrecks; one on shore, masts standing; fifteen corvettes burned and sunk; four on shore, wrecked; nine brigs burnt and sunk; one on shore, masts standing; six fire ships destroyed, and three transports. Of the sixtysix vessels of war, only eight are left afloat.

On board of one of their line-of-battle ships, it is said that three hundred and fifty men were killed, and in another four hundred. We have no certain account of their whole loss, which must have been immense.

The result of the action on the part. of the British was about seventy-five killed, and one hundred and ninety-seven wounded; of the French, about forty-three were killed, and one hundred and forty-four wounded. The Russian loss is not known.

On the day after the battle, the English, French, and Russian admirals addressed a note to Ibrahim Pacha and the other Turkish Chiefs, of which the following is a part: "If one single

musket or cannon shot be again fired on a ship or boat of the Allied Powers, we shall immediately destroy all the remaining vessels, as well as the forts of Navarino, and that we shall consider such new act of hostility as a formal declaration of the Porte against the three Allied Powers, and of which the Grand Seignor and his Pacha must suffer the terrible consequences.

"But if the Turkish Chiefs, acknowledging the aggression they have committed by commencing the firing, abstain from any act of hostility, we shall resume those terms of good understanding which they have themselves interrupted. In this case they will have the white flag hoisted on all the forts before the end of this day. We demand a categorical answer, without evasion, before sunset."

Another Victory.-A letter dated, Camp, near Vortizza, Sept. 30th, describes another splendid victory, which, though eclipsed by the great one above recorded, must be of eminent service to the Grecians. A flotilla of Greek vessels, composed of a brig, two schooners, a gun boat, the steam boat Perseverence, Capt. Hastings, and another gun boat, encountered in the Gulf of Lepanto six Turkish vessels, three Austrian merchantmen with supplies for the Turks, and some smaller vessels. On the morning of the 26th, at about 10 o'clock, Captains Hastings and Thomas attacked the Turkish vessels, and in a few minutes we saw the smoke ascending from one of the vessels which had taken fire. The engagement lasted about half an hour, and in that short time the two intrepid Englishmen succeeded in burning all the Turkish vessels, with the exception of one, which they sunk.

The friends of Missionaries and other Christian residents at Smyrna will be happy to learn, as stated in a letter from an American naval officer in the Mediterranean, that in anticipation of a rupture between the Combined Powers and the Turks, two of our frigates had taken their station before that city to afford relief and assistance to the Christians, should occasion require. The officer also intimates, that if any violence should be offered to this class of the population, the American frigates will take a very active part.

MISCELLANEOUS.

African Emigration--The Brig Doris sailed from Baltimore for Liberia on the 10th of November. It re ceived eighty-two passengers at that place, of whom twenty-nine were from Baltimore, fifteen from the western part of New-York, and thirty-three from Ann Arundel county, Maryland.

Twenty-three others embarked from Norfolk, making in all a hundred and five. Of this whole number, sixtytwo were slaves liberated by their proprietors for the express purpose of being transferred to the Colony of Liberia. The thirty-three from Ann Arundel county, Md. were all the property of Daniel Murray, Esq., who in contemplation of this generous action sent out to the Colony some years ago a favorite servant to make report concerning the country, and prepare the way for those who were to succeed him. Twenty-three were manumitted by Col. David Bullock, of Va.

The Brig Nautilus sailed from Norfolk on the 18th of Dec. for Monrovia, having on board one hundred and sixty-four emigrants; more than eighty of whom were from North Carolina, and of the number of those under the special protection of the Society of Friends. The earnestness, perseverance, and eminent liberality of this society in the African cause, are worthy of imitation. Their donation to the Colonization Society in Nov. $730.

was

The Schooner Randolph has also been employed to proceed to Georgetown, S. C. for the purpose of conveying thence to Liberia twenty-five persons, liberated by a single individual near Cheraw.

In view of these encouraging facts, which we have extracted principally from the African Repository for November, its Editor remarks:

The fairest prospect seems now to be opening before our Institution. The unexampled success which has recently marked the progress of our infant Colony, has produced appropriate effects upon the public: interest. and charity are extensively excited, and multitudes until lately undecided, have declared themselves for us, and given liberally to aid our cause. cannot be adequately thankful, for the recent indications of favor in the opinions of our countrymen, and the Prov

We

idence of God. They have surpassed our highest expectations. Who would have predicted, that an association so feebly supported at its commencement, so strongly opposed in its progress, proposing a work so difficult, and with resources so scanty for its execution, should, at the conclusion of ten years, be able to exhibit as the result of its efforts, a Colony of one thousand persons: moral and even religious in its character, well ordered in its government, growing in intelligence, industry, and enterprise: some members of which, who left this country with nothing, have acquired property to the amount of from four to ten thousand dollars each-a Colony well defended -which has erected two churches and many other public buildings; in the several schools of which, every child is acquiring the rudiments of knowledge;-a Colony, in fine, as regular in its concerns, and as happy in its population perhaps, as any settlement in our own land. Nor should it be forgotten, that not six years since, the earliest emigrants erected their dwelfings upan Cape Monserado; and that

subsequently, for two years, they were, in a war with the natives, exposed to imminent danger; endured severe and complicated sufferings; and indeed, were compelled, like the restored Israelites, while they built their walls with one hand, to grasp a weapon with the other.

But what Christian can contemplate without joyous emotions, the influence which this Colony already exerts upon the neighboring African Tribes? And what hopes may we not indulge for the future? The poor pagaps must perceive the superiority of civilized and Christian people, and desire to avail themselves of the benefits of their society,example, and instructions. Many of their children are now in the schools of the Colony, and will go forth among their countrymen, to communicate a knowledge of the most useful arts, and to teach the precepts of a pure religion. One hundred and fifty miles of coast are now under the Colonial jurisdiction, and along this whole line the benign effects of the laws and administration of the Colony are felt and acknowledged.