Here are alfo Dogs of all forts, for Fighting, Hunting, and Dogs. Fowling; all of 'em ftrong, and full of Mettle. Our Mastiffs, efpecially those we call Bull Dogs, are of unparallel'd Courage, will attack any Wild Beaft, and not quit their Hold, till they get the Victory, or lofe their Life on the Spot. A Lion was killed by one of thefe Dogs in the Reign of King Charles II.

There is alfo in England a Race of Cocks, which being train'd Cocks. up and prepar'd for Fighting by a particular Diet, fhew a peculiar Courage not to be found in the like Creatures in any other Country. And 'tis obfervable, that an English Dog or Cock, tranfported beyond Sea, degenerates; which is a plain Argument that their Courage is influenced by the Climate.

For Delight and Ornament, England yields abundance and Flowers. great Variety of Flowers, fome of them brought over from remote Parts, and others of English Growth.

For Phyfical Ufes, here are abundance of Simples, most excel-Simples. lent Saffron and Honey, and plenty of Licorish, the green Root whereof is beft for phyfical Ufes. The London Apothecaries have at Chelsea a fine Garden of Simples. At Oxford there is another no lefs famous.

ters.

Here are alfo Hot Baths in the Counties of Somerset and Derby, Baths and Mineral Wa and abundance of Mineral Waters: About London especially there are several Places much reforted to on that Account, in Summer; particularly Hampfted, Iflington, Acton, Dulwich, Richmond, Epfom, Barnet, and North-Hall, befides the famed Waters of Tunbridge.

For other Ufes, England is well flock'd with Metals. Suffex is noted for its Iron Mines, Derbyshire for its Lead, Cumberland and Somerfetfhire for their Copper, and Cornwall for its Tin, the fineft in Europe, and next in Beauty to Silver.

England has alfo plenty of Alam and Cryftal of her own Growth, Copperas and Lapis Calaminaris, befides Wood for the Ufe of Dyers.

Another Thing England is happy in, is her being free from dangerous and voracious Beafts, fuch as Wolves, Bears, and wild Boars, which are fo pernicious in many Regions of Europe. There are alfo but a few Serpents, or other venomous Creatures.

England was formerly pefter'd with Wolves: But History tells us that she was rid of them by the Welsh; whofe Prince being Tributary to Edgar, a Saxon King of England, that Tribute was turn'd into 3000 Wolves-Skins. Upon which the Welsh grew fo harp in Wolf-Hunting, that they cleared England from thofe ravenous Creatures; fo that the Sheep keep the Field Day and Night, without any Danger from them.

СНАР.

Elopitals.

Stane

Bridges.

CHA P. IV.

The principal Ornaments and Curiofities of England.

Rance may boast of her Versailes, Spain of her Efcurial, Italy of an infinite Number of magnificent Palaces, and curious Monuments of Roman Antiquity: In those Respects I own they furpafs England; but England, on the other fide, has the Advantage of them in many Things.

As to Churches, befides St. Paul's, London, which comes but little fhort of St. Peter's at Rome, where fhall one find finer Cathedrals than at York, Salisbury, Winchester, Lincoln, and Glou cefter? England has alfo many fine Collegiate Churches, particularly at Westminster, Rippon in Yorkshire, and Manchester in Lancashire. What can be neater than the Parish Churches of London built fince the Fire, namely, St. Bride's, St. Andrew's Holborn, St. Clement, St. Anne, and St. James; befides St. Paul Covent Garden, Chrift-Church, and feveral others? In the Country there are alfo many fine Parish Churches, as St. Nicholas of Newcastle in Northumberland, and that of Kendal in Weftmor land, more like Cathedral than Parochial Churches.

For Chapels, I fhall only name Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Weftminfier, the Chapel of Windfor-Cafile, and that Master-piece of Workmanship, King's Chapel at Cambridge.

There are alfo a great many Steeples of curious Architecture, particularly thofe of St. Bridget's and Bow-Church at London; Salifbury-Steeple, whofe Spire is the highest of any in England; thofe of St. Nicholas at Newcastle, and Grantham in Lincolnshire. Which laft is fo lofty, and artificially built, that to any Beholder it seems to stand awry, and ready to fall. In the County of Northampton one may fee 20 or 30 Steeples at one View.

What Country in Europe can fhew two fuch Univerfities as Oxford and Cambridge, adorned with fo many and richly endowed Colleges? And, amongst Lawyers, where fhall one fee fuch Societies as our Inns of Court at London?

As for Publick Halls, there is no Country like England, witnels Weftminfier-Hall, a Prodigy of Art; the Middle Temple-Hall, Lambeth-Hall, Guild-Hall, and fo many others belonging to the feveral Companies of Tradesmen.

If we come to Hofpitals, few will be found more stately than thofe of Chelsea and Greenwich, the firit for Invalids and fuperannuated Soldiers, the other for difabled Seamen; that of St. Tho mas in Southwark, and Bethlem the Hofpital for Lunaticks, in Moorfields, and St. Bartholomew's in Smithfield, for the Sick and Lame.

But England is noted befides for the great Number and Beauty of her Stone-Bridges. Particularly that of London on the Thames, where the Sea flows and ebbs continually; Rochefer Bridge on the Medway; Bristol Bridge on the Avon; and that of Burton upon Trent.

At

At Coventry in Warwickshire is to be seen the finest Crofs per-Cross at Cohaps in Europe, it being a Structure of extraordinary Beauty.

ventry.

The Kings of England, in former Ages, had in moft Counties Royal Houses. a Cafile, or Royal Houfe, with a Park or Foreft, for their Entertainment. At this very Day the King has feveral Palaces, viz. At Kerfington, 2 Miles from St. James's Westminster; at Hampton-Court, 10 or 11 Miles; and Windfor-Cafile, 20 Miles; which are the moft remarkable. But there are others inferior to those, as Richmond in Surrey, Winchester in Hampshire, another at Greenwich in Kent, and Audley-Inn in Effex. I pafs by New-Market Houfe, built by King Charles II. only to lodge in at the Time of Horfe-Racing.

No Country in Europe is fo full of stately Seats as England, confidering its Extent; witnefs, amongst others, Belvoir in Lincolnshire, Chatfworth in Derbyshire, Boughton and Burleigh Houfe in Northamptonshire, Petworth in Suffex, &c. But, of all the Counties of England, none are so full of them as Yorkshire, Chefbire, and Northamptonshire.

Country

Seats.

Amongst the Curiofities of England, I reckon Salisbury-Plain Plains. in Wiltshire, and that of Newmarket, upon the Borders of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire. The first being of a vast Extent, feeds Multitudes of Sheep; and Newmarket-Plain is noted for the Horfe-Races.

On Salisbury-Plain is to be seen that remarkable Monument Stone-herga of Antiquity, call'd the Stone-henge (Lat. Mons Ambrofii.) It confifts of three Rows of prodigious large Stones, fome of thei 28 Foot high, and 7 broad, with others laid crofs on the Top, and fram'd into them. According to Cambden, these Stones are artificial, and were made upon the Spot. He fays, the Ancients had the Art of making Stones with Sand, and a strong sort of Lime. And that which makes it most probable, is the vaft Bignefs of thefe Stones, hardly capable of any Land-Carriage, and that they stand up in a Plain, which for fome Miles round scarce affords a Stone great or small.

Near Witney in Oxfordshire is a Trophy call'd Roll-rich-ftones, Roll-sichnot much unlike the Stone-henge.

Stones.

At Bofkenna in Cornwall is to be seen another Trophy of 18 Other Trea huge Stones in a Circle, at 12 Foot diftance from each other, phics. with another Stone in the Center over-topping them all. In Cleer Parish, in the fame County, there ftands up in a Plain 6 or 8 Stones of a prodigious Bignefs, but fo artificially fet together, that it is hard to find out their juft Number; for every time they are told over, they will be found either more or less than before. The Main Amber, near Mount's Bay, is a main Rock, which being mounted upon leffer Rocks with a Counterpoize, may be ftirr'd, but not remov'd out of its Place.

Near Salkeld in Cumberland is a Trophy erected, vulgarly call'd Long Meg and her Daughters, confifting of 77 Stones, Long Meg 15 Foot above Ground, and the reft but 10.

Marfley-hill

fhire.

In Weftmorland, not far from the River Lowther, there is a Row of Pyramidal Stones, 8 or 9 Foot high, pitch'd directly in a Row for a Mile together, and plac'd at equal Distances from

each other.

Who would not be amaz'd to hear of Marfley Travelling-Hill? in Hereford a Thing aver:'d by the most famous Authors. This Prodigy happen'd by an Earthquake in Herefordshire, in the Month of February, 1574. when 26 Acres of Ground mov'd from their Place, with a roaring Noife, for the space of three Days together. By which Motion a Steeple, and feveral Trees fell down, two Highways were turn'd, the Eaft Part to the Weft, and the Weft to the East; Pafturage being left in the Place of Tillage, and Tillage in the Place of Pafturage.

Caves in
Wiltshire.

Vault at
Fygate.

Peak of Der bythire.

A Well in Weftmorland.

Hell-Kettles

At Badmington in Wiltshire there have been found Nine Caves all in a Row, but of different Dimenfions, the leaft of them 4 Foot wide, fome 9 or 10 Foot long, two long Stones being fet upon the Sides, and the Top cover'd with broad Stones. Spurs, Pieces of Armour, and the like, have been found in thefe Carves; which is a fufficient Ground to believe that they were Tombs of fome ancient Heroes, Romans, Saxons, or Danes.

At Rygate in Surrey is ftill to be feen the Ruins of an old Caftle, with a long Vault under Ground, and a Room at the End of it, where the Barons met in Council during their War' against King JoHN.

In Derbybire is the Peak, famous for its Lead-Mines, Quarries, and wonderful Caves. Thefe laft are of a large Extent, and apt to ftrike with Horror all that come into them. There are three of thefe Caves, one of them called Elden Hole, very fpacious, but with a low and narrow Entrance, the Infide full of Ificles, hanging down like fo many Tapers.

In Westmorland, not far from the River Lowther, is a Well or Fountain, which (Euripus like) ebbs and flows many Times in a Day.

Near Oxenhall, in the County of Durham, there are three in Durham. Pits, call'd Hell-Kettles, occafion'd (as 'tis faid) by an Earthquake in 1179. Tunstall, Bishop of Durham, had the Curiofity to throw a marked Goose into one of thefe Pits, which was found afterwards alive in the River Tees, not far from the faid Pits.

Drumming

Wells in Northamptonshire.

Baths in Somerfetfhire.

Oundle in Northamptonshire is noted for its Drumming Wells, fo called from a Noife of Drums coming now and then from thence, which is faid to be ominous.

The City of Bath, in Somerfetfbire, is noted for its Springs, of a wonderful Virtue for the Care of many Difeafes, and amongst others the Palfy, Rheumatism, Weakness of the Nerves, and Scrofular Difeafes, &c. The Waters are of a bluish Colour, have a trong Scent, and fend forth thin Vapours. There are four Hot Baths, with Stone Seats, for fuch as ufc the Waters. One Triangular, being 25 Foot long, and as broad at one End, the Heat of it is gentler than the reft, because it has fewer Springs.

J

t

Springs. This is call'd the Crofs Bath, from the Cross that formerly flood in it. Another is the Hot Bath; and the other two are the King's and Queen's Baths, parted only by a Wall; the laft having no Spring in it, but receiving the Water from the King's Bath; which is about 60 Foot fquare, and has several hot Springs in the middle of it, which makes its Heat the greater. Each of thefe two Baths has a Pump, for the Use of Fomentations. The ancient Romans had a great Value for thefe Waters, and built a Temple dedicated to Minerva (the Goddess of Fountains) in the very Place where the Cathedral now ftands. More H-Wells at of thefe Hot-Springs have of late Years been discover'd near the Briftol. City of Bristol.

At Ailweflon in Huntingtonfire, there are two Springs, one Springs in of fresh, and the other of brackish Water; the firit good fortingtondim Eyes, the other for curing of Scales and Leprofy.

Thire.

Weils in

Derbyshire.

Wondeful is the Virtue of Buxton Wells in Derbyshire, in the BuxtonCure of many Difeafes. Nine Springs iffue out of a Rock, at a fmall distance from each other; Eight of which are warm, and the Ninth exceeding cold. About 100 Yards off is another hot Spring, and near it a very cold one. Near Wirksworth, in the fame County, there are alfo two Springs, one warm, and the other cold, but fo near one another, that you may put one Hand in the warm, and the other in the cold, at the fame time. Kedlafton-Well is faid to be fingular for the Cure of Ulcers, and even Leprofy it felf.

As for Quarndon Springs near Derby, Tunbridge-Wells in Kent, ther Wellso Epfom-Wells in Surrey, Scarborough-Spaw in Yorkshire, and Stanley-Wells in Gloucestershire, they are much of the fame Nature, ftrong of the Mineral, and effectual in the Operation. Befides thefe, there are feveral other Medicinal Springs, as Aftrop-Wells, Stretham, Dulwich, Hampstead, Richmond, North-Hall, &c.

Star Stones.

At Laffington, near Gloucefter, there are found certain Stones, Aftioits, or about the Breadth of a Silver-Penny, and the Thickness of a Half-Crown. They are flat, and five-pointed, like a Star; whence the Name of Aftroits, or Star-Stones. They are of a greyish Colour, and the flat Sides of them naturally engraven in fine Works. At Whitby in Yorkshire, 'tis faid, there are to be found, at the Foot of fome Rocks, Stones naturally as round as a Bullet; which being broken, ftony Serpents are found in them, but for the most part headless.

markable

Stones.

Gotham in Nottinghamshire yields a fort of rugged Stone, but they rewith fuch delicate Veins, as exceed the Beauty of Marble. I have already obferved, that Cornwall and Staffordshire have Quarries of Marble, and that Alabafter is to be found in Lincolnshire. But Cornwall particularly is of fpecial Note, for its Diamond-like Stones, found in Rocks, ready fhap'd, and polifh'd by Nature, and wanting nothing but Hardness to bear the Price of Diamonds. St. Vincent's Rock, near Bristol, is alfo noted for yielding Plenty of Crystal.

The