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which, however, in about ten days, abated, and in a fhort time feemed entirely gone; but for the particulars of this cafe, together with the method of treatment, we are referred to the first part of the account, as mentioned in the title of this article. The fequel of this account is communicated in a second letter from Dr. Mounfey to Mr. Baker; from which it appears that Mr. Butler's nerves continued for a long time in a very irritable condition, and that not only by the fmell of paints, but even on handling metallic inodorous fubftances he was frequently attacked with faintings, tremblings, and uncommon anxiety. The Doctor tried various remedies with very little effect, till at length a milk diet and exercise restored the patient to a tolerable state of health. We cannot clofe this article without tranfcribing one short paffage. On the 20th, fays the Doctor, I gave him a dofe of Epfom falt, which he had been used to take it purged very well; but immediately on its leaving off to work, his body ftruck out with great numbers of small red fpots. The fal catharticum amarum came from England; and whether fome vitriolic acid had been ufed in making it, I do not know; but it is likely there had.' It is indeed more than likely : fal catharticus amarus, or Epfom falt, being always compofed of the vitriolic acid and magnefia. We are forry the Doctor's want of chemical knowledge should stand thus upon record in the Philofophical Tranfactions.

Art. 9. An Account of a Hernia of the Urinary Bladder including a Stone. By Mr. Percival Pott, Surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hofpital, and F. R. S.

The patient of whom this extraordinary cafe is related, was about thirteen years old when he was brought to Mr. Pott, and his disease had the appearance of a fchirrous tefticle, which, however, from the hardness and infenfibility of the tumour, appeared not to be the cafe. Mr. Pott, though in doubt what it really was, being of opinion that it ought to be extirpated, performed the operation with his ufual care, dexterity, and fuccefs; and on laying open the fcrotum, difcovered the cafe to be a hernia ciftica, including a calculus of the fame nature with thofe ufually found in the bladder. He extirpated the cift, and at the end of a month the patient was perfectly cured.

Art. 32. Obfervations and Experiments of different Extracts of Hemlock. By Michael Morris, M. D. F. R. S.

Dr. Wade of Lisbon having lately communicated to the London Medical Society a number of cafes, in which the extract of hemlock, prepared at Coimbra in Portugal, had been given with great fuccefs, Dr. Morris was induced to make experiments upon the different extracts prepared at Coimbra, Viana and London, in order to difcover their respective component parts.

The

The refult of this enquiry is, that the Coimbra extract contains a much greater quantity (to use the Author's own words) of an effential oily falt and refin, than the others; and hence, he is of opinion, the extraordinary effects of the Coimara extract may be rationally accounted for.

Art. 33. Efay on the Ufe of the Ganglions of the Nerves. By James Johnstone, M. D. communicated by the Right Rev. Charles Lord Bishop of Carlisle.

It is well known that phyfiology has not yet been able to produce even a probable conjecture concerning the use of the gan-glions of the nerves. The ingenious Author of this paper reflecting, that ganglions are almoft peculiar to those nerves which are diftributed to parts whofe motions are involuntary, imagines, that their ufe in the animal oeconomy is to intercept the influence of the mind upon those parts; and that they are alfo the inftruments by which the motions of the heart and inteftines are rendered uniformly involuntary. The only objection to this theory is, that the observation on which it is founded is not univerfally true.

Art. 43. An Account of what appeared on opening the Body of an Afthmatic Perfon. By W. Watson, M. D. F. R. S.

The preternatural phenomena in the body of this asthmatic. perfon were, an enormous diftention of the lungs with extravafated air, and numberless varices in the pulmonary vein; which together fufficiently account for the symptoms of the disease. From the hiftory of the cafe it appears, that the patient, about two months before his death, was feized with violent and long continued vomiting, to which the Doctor, very rationally, afcribes the phenomena above mentioned.

Art. 58. An Account of an extraordinary Difeafe among the Indians in the Island of Nantucket and Marthu's Vineyard, in New England. In a Letter from Andrew Oliver Efq; Secretary of his Majefty's Province of Maffachufett's Bay, to Ifrael Mauduit, Efq;

F.R. S.

Our readers will hardly believe us when we affure them that all we learn from this pompous account of this extraordinary difeafe, is, that it attacked none but Indians; that it was a violent inflammatory fever; that, out of 258, only 36 recovered; and that the patients generally died in about five days. As this article contains not the leaft medical inftruction, we apprehend it might with more propriety have filled the column of a newspaper.

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The MATHEMATICAL, MECHANICAL, and ASTRONOMICAL Papers, are deferred to another Opportunity.

MONTHLY

MONTHLY CATALOGU E, For JANUARY, 1766. POLITICAL and COMMERCIAL.

Art. 13. A Defence of the New-England Charters. By Jer. Dummer. 8vo. 8vo. I s. 6d. Almon.

TH

HIS valuable performance, being only a new edition, without any alterations, does not properly come under our cognizance; yet, as it is a work of fome importance, and hath long been searce, we thought it might be useful to many of our Readers, at this juncture, in which the charters of our colonies are become so much the objects of public attention, to be informed, that Mr. Dummer's tract is reprinted, and may be had as above.

Art. 14. The Importance of the Colonies of North-America, and the Interest of Great Britain with Regard to them, confidered. Together with Remarks on the Stamp-duty. 4to. Is. Peat.

Chiefly intended to fhew how impolitic, as well as unreasonable, it would be, in our prefent difpute with the colonies, to bave recourse to any improper exertion of power. The Author's main argument is founded on this pofition, That it is the true intereft of Great Britain, to acquire and retain, not to alienate the affections of her colonies;-which can only be done by kind ufage, and always confidering them, as they most certainly are, in all refpects, on the fame footing with ourselves, and of right entitled to every privilege that we in England enjoy. He infifts, in common with most of the writers in behalf of the colonies, on their right of reprefentation in whatever legislative body affumes and exercises the power of taxing them; but on this head, as well as on moft other points touched upon in this tract, he offers little that can be called new his performance being, indeed, to be chiefly regarded as a reca pitulation of the arguments advanced by those who have appeared before him in this debate.

Art. 15. An Examination of the Rights of the Colonies, upon Principles of Law. By a Gentleman at the Bar. 8vo. I S. Dymot.

This Lawyer, after a very flight hearing, has determined against the lonies; but we imagine they will hardly abide by his adjudication. ithout entering into the merits of this caufe, upon the principles of law, e cannot help reflecting, on this occafion, how happy it is for this Country that her liberties have not always been left to the arguments and decifions of lawyers. Would their jargon ever have procured us our ineftimable Magna Charta? or would the glorious Resolution ever have raken place, if our gallant grandfathers had fubmitted to argue the point with K. James in Westminster-hall? It is true, we have lately feen our liberties nobly afferted by an English Lord Chief Juftice; but have we not too much reason to regard that honeft lawyer as a phænomenon? And how many Ffferieses, &c. have we had, for one PRATT!

Art. 16.

Art. 16. Confiderations on the American Stamp-act, and on the Conduct of the Minifter who planned it. 8vo. I S. Nicoll.

The right of Great Britain to tax her colonies internally, is not here enquired into. The Author thinks it pity that ever fuch a question hould have been itarted. He feems to admit the right, in fpeculation; but he thinks it ought to be feldom or never exercifed; in which cafe, he fays, our parliament may fafely affert it, and the American affemblies will not deny it: but the point he chiefly infits upon, is the inexpediency, injustice, and abfurdity of the Stamp act. Having endeavoured to prove this, and bestowed fome chastisement on Mr. G. G——, as the contriver and promoter of the at, he proceeds to ftate the bad effects that, in his opinion, will refult from our attempting to enforce this act, amounting (if we are fuccefful in employing force) to no defs than the ruin of the colonies, and the deftruction of our trade with them: while, on the other hand, a bare fufpenfion only of the act may serve to bring matters about, in an amicable way; but an entire repeal is what he would recommend, as the only means to reconcile the colonies to their mother-country, and to restore peace, plenty, and cordiality to every part of the British empire.

Art. 17. Confiderations on the Propriety of impofing Taxes in the British Colonies, for the Purpofe of raifing a Revenue, by Act of Parliament. 8vo. 1 s. 6d. North-America printed; London re-printed, for Almon.

This is a more ftrenuous champion for the colonies, than the preceding Confiderer. He denies the parliament's right of taxing the colonists, ins ternally; and he enters pretty deeply into the argument. The zeal of this patriotic North-American fometimes carries him rather too far in his reflections on the mother country; but we think fuch warmth the more excufable, as it may be an indication of the Writer's honefly, whatever may be faid of his prudence. In his preface he fenfibly apologizes for the plainnefs, fimplicity, and freedom' of his manner; and, indeed, we think with him, that a decent firmness, in a good caufe, is to be preferred to a fofter and more delicate style, which fometimes may ferve only to enervate the argument, for want of urging it with its full force. On the whole, there are many important confiderations in this tract; which, therefore, must be ranked among the most material of those pieces which have appeared in behalf of our American brethren.

Art. 18. Confiderations on the Points lately brought into Question, as to the Parliament's Right of taxing the Colonies, and of the Meafures neceffary to be taken at this Crifis. Being an Appendix, Seç--tion III. to The Adminiftration of the Colonies. 8vo.

Dodsley.

I Sa

In our thirtieth vol. F. 441, Seq. we gave an account of the first edi tion of Governor Pownai's matterly performance, entitled The Administration of the Colonies.' Since that time, we have mentioned a fecond

Mr. Pownal was governor of Massachusett's Bay, &c.

Riv. Jan. 1766.

F

edition

edition of this work; and now appears a third, with the addition of the Appendix, which is the fubject of the present little article: the Appendix being to be had separately.

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Mr. Pownal is a much cooler and more moderate advocate for the colonies, than the laft-mentioned Confiderer. He admits the right of taxation, but ftrongly contends for the loyal intentions, in general, of the colonists; (and appealing to every man of intereft or bufinefs in those countries) that for an hundred years to this time, there has not been an American to whom, in the genuine feelings of his heart, the interest, welfare, and happiness of Great Britain was not as dear as that of his own colony, having no other idea but that they were always one and the fame.' 'I do not believe, adds he, that the idea of Great Britain ever heretofore arofe in an American breaft, without the idea of its being HOME. If of late they have learned to call the British produce and manufactures foreign, and Britons foreigners, it is not from an American idea they have learnt it; it is from an idea that is foreign alfo.'

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After this general affertion, he enters on a serious difcuffion of the propofitions lately brought into queftion, whether the fupreme legislature of Great Britain fhould or should not, agreeably to the actual prefent ftate of the British conftitution, exercise the power of laying taxes on the colonies; and whether, confiftent with the rights of Englishmen, and the fuppofed fpirit of the English conftitution, the colonists can be taxed, unless by their own refpective legislatures; or unless the colonies have, by their proper reprefentatives, a fhare in the legislature of Great Britain? He affirms that the reasoning which states thefe propofitions, as matters under queftion and doubt, never did or could arife from the principles of an American politician. The fundamental maxim, fays he, of the laws of thofe countries is, firft, That the common law of England together with fuch ftatutes or acts of parliament (the ecclefiaftical laws excepted) as were paffed before the colonies had a legislature of their own, fecondly, That their own laws together with fuch acts of parliament as by a special clause are extended to America fince that time, are the laws of that country. The jurifdiction and power of every court established in that country; the duty of every civil officer; the process of every transaction in law and bufinefs there, is regulated on this principle. There is not a man of bufinefs in the colonies that ever held an office who does not know this, and who hath not always acted on this principle: there never was a man that ever acquired a lead or interest in the politics of thofe free countries, who did not defend this principle as the palladium of their liberty, that they were to be ruled and governed only by acts of parliament, together with their own laws not contrary to the laws of Great Britain and as a friend to the colcnies I would venture to add, that it is under this principle that every act of parliament paffed fince the establishment of the colonies, which reSpects the general police of the realm, and the rights and liberties of the fubject of the realm is, without the intervention of their own consent by their refpective legiflatures or reprefentatives, confidered, and, I think I may venture to fay, adopted as part of the law and conftitution of thole countries. It is under this principle, without the intervention of their own confent, that they may best and moft fafely claim all the rights and privileges of Englishmen confirmed in the bill of rights. It is under this principle that I should hope, could an American ever have need to

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