Animal BehaviourE. Arnold, 1900 - 344 pàgines |
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Pàgina 43
... experience . But even this is clearly only a criterion of what we may term effective consciousness . There may be sentience which is merely an accompaniment of organic action without any guiding influence on subsequent modes of ...
... experience . But even this is clearly only a criterion of what we may term effective consciousness . There may be sentience which is merely an accompaniment of organic action without any guiding influence on subsequent modes of ...
Pàgina 44
... experienced chick , when it pecks at a small object is conscious of a visual impression , and is conscious also of movements of its neck and beak . These do not constitute the experience by which it profits . This is provided by the ...
... experienced chick , when it pecks at a small object is conscious of a visual impression , and is conscious also of movements of its neck and beak . These do not constitute the experience by which it profits . This is provided by the ...
Pàgina 45
... experience of parents and ancestors is inherited as such ; for the present we will assume that it is not . The chick has to acquire for itself its own experience . A piece of egg catches the eye of the little bird , which then pecks at ...
... experience of parents and ancestors is inherited as such ; for the present we will assume that it is not . The chick has to acquire for itself its own experience . A piece of egg catches the eye of the little bird , which then pecks at ...
Pàgina 46
... experience is widened by new data of consciousness derived from a group of motor sensations ; and upon this , again , there follows the third stage , when sensations come in from the morsel of egg which the chick touched but just failed ...
... experience is widened by new data of consciousness derived from a group of motor sensations ; and upon this , again , there follows the third stage , when sensations come in from the morsel of egg which the chick touched but just failed ...
Pàgina 47
... experience is for future guidance . The future need not be remote , but may be so immediate that in popular speech we may say that it is not future but present guidance which is rendered possible . We may now turn for a moment to the ...
... experience is for future guidance . The future need not be remote , but may be so immediate that in popular speech we may say that it is not future but present guidance which is rendered possible . We may now turn for a moment to the ...
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Frases i termes més freqüents
acquired action afford animal behaviour Animal Intelligence ants arise association bees biological end biological value C. R. ASHBEE cells centres chick cinnabar co-ordinated coalescence complex conation conative tendency congenital conscious situation consciousness course courtship Crown 8vo Darwin definite Demy 8vo differentiated direct effects eggs emotional environment evolution experience fact factor feeling female further germinal substance guidance habit hereditary higher animals hypothesis ideal ideational Illustrations imitation impulse individual influence inherited insects instinctive behaviour intelligent behaviour larvæ Lord Avebury male mate meaning mental development modes of behaviour modification natural selection nervous system nest object observation organic behaviour ovum Paramecium pecking perceptual performance play pleasure Prince Kropotkine probably Professor Groos psychological rational reflex reflex action regarded response result seems seizing sense sentience sexual selection social species spinal stage stimulation Stout survival term tion variations W. H. Hudson wasps
Passatges populars
Pàgina 306 - The consciousness of brutes would appear to be related to the mechanism of their body simply as a collateral product of its working, and to be as completely without any power of modifying that working, as the steam-whistle which accompanies the work of a locomotive engine is without influence upon its machinery.
Pàgina 63 - For my own part, I look upon it as upon the principle of gravitation in bodies, which is not to be explained by any known qualities inherent in the bodies themselves, nor from any laws of mechanism, but, according to the best notions of the greatest philosophers, is an immediate impression from the first mover, and the divine energy acting in the creatures.
Pàgina 288 - In other words, those races of beings only can have survived in which, on the average, agreeable or desired feelings went along with activities conducive to the maintenance of life, while disagreeable and habitually-avoided feelings went along with activities directly or indirectly destructive of life...
Pàgina 24 - Thornton. A SPORTING TOUR THROUGH THE NORTHERN PARTS OF ENGLAND AND GREAT PART OF THE HIGHLANDS OF SCOTLAND. By Colonel T. THORNTON, of Thornville Royal, in Yorkshire. With the Original Illustrations by GARRARD, and other Illustrations and Coloured Plates by GE LODGE.
Pàgina 63 - ... Faculty of an intellectual Being. For my own part, I look upon it as upon the Principle of Gravitation in Bodies, which is not to be explained by any known Qualities inherent in the Bodies themselves, nor from any Laws of Mechanism, but, according to the best Notions of the greatest Philosophers, is an immediate Impression from the first Mover, and the Divine Energy acting in the Creatures.
Pàgina 223 - When we see an ant-hill, tenanted by thousands of industrious inhabitants, excavating chambers, forming tunnels, making roads, guarding their home, gathering food, feeding the young, tending their domestic animals, — each one fulfilling its duties industriously, and without confusion, — it is difficult altogether to deny to them the gift of reason ; and the preceding observations tend to confirm the opinion that their mental powers differ from those of men, not so much in kind as in degree.
Pàgina 317 - We see that the inferior animals, when the conditions of life are favorable, are subject to periodical fits of gladness, affecting them powerfully and standing out in vivid contrast to their ordinary temper. And we know what this feeling is — this periodic intense elation which even civilized man occasionally experiences when in perfect health, more especially when young.
Pàgina 218 - They came to the edge and tried hard to get over, but it did not occur to them to push the paper bridge, though the distance was only about one-third of an inch, and they might easily have done so. After trying for about a quarter of an hour they gave up the attempt, and returned home. This I repeated several times.
Pàgina 50 - That therefore, on the whole, the theory of Wallace and Bates is supported by the facts detailed in this and the author's former papers, so far as they deal with birds (and with the one mammal used).
Pàgina 149 - The cat that is clawing all over the box in her impulsive struggle will probably claw the string or loop or button so as to open the door. And gradually all the other non-successful impulses will be stamped out and the particular impulse leading to the successful act will be stamped in by the resulting pleasure, until, after many trials, the cat will, when put in the box, immediately claw the button or loop in a definite way.