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2.) De Princip. lib. 3. c. 2. fol. 144.

Eadem quoque Barnabas in Epistola sua declarat, cum duas vias esse dicit, unam lucis, alteram tenebrarum ; quibus et præesse certos quoque angelos dicit: viæ quidem lucis angelos Dei, tenebrarum autem viæ angelos Satanæ. Cap. 17. Barnab.

To the same purpose Barnabas speaks in his Epistle, when he saith, That there are two ways, the one of light, the other of darkness, over both which certain angels preside; viz. the angels of God over the way of light, and the angels of Satan over the way of darkness.

3. EUSEBIUS.

1.) Hist. Eccles. lib. 3. c. 25.

Ἐν τοῖς νόθοις κατατετάχθω
ἡ φερομένη Βαρνάβα ἐπιστολή.

2.) Idem Hist. Κέχρηται δ' ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀντιλεγομένων γραφῶν μαρτυρίαις, τῆς τε λεγομένης Σου λομῶντος Σοφίας, καὶ τῆς Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Σιρὰχ, καὶ τῆς πρὸς Ἑβραίους ἐπιστολῆς, τῆς τε Βαρνάβα, καὶ Κλήμεντος, καὶ Ἰούδα.

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The Epistle which is carried about under the name of Barnabas, is to be ranked among the books which are spurious.

Eccl. 1. 6. c. 13.

Besides he (viz. Clemens Alexandrinus) in his Stromata takes some testimonies out of those

scriptures which are rejected by some; viz. the Wisdom of Solomon, the Wisdom of the Son of Sirach, the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistle of Barnabas, and Clemens and Jude.

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stolus ordinatus, unam ad ædificationem ecclesiæ pertinentem Epistolam composuit, quæ inter apocryphas scripturas legitur.

apostle of the Gentiles together with Paul, and has wrote one Epistle for the edification of the church, which is read among the apocryphal scriptures. in Ezek. xliii. 19. Many parts of scripture, and especially the Epistle of Barnabas, which is reckoned among the apocryphal scriptures, mentions [Christ under the representation of] a young beast [or the heifer, Num. ch. xix.] which was sacrificed for us. Epist. Barnab. c. 8. Pelag. lib. 3 c.1.

2.) Idem Comment. Vitulum autem qui pro nobis immolatus est, et multa scripturarum loca, et præcipue Barnabæ Epistola, quæ habetur inter scripturas apocryphas, nominat.

3.) Idem, adv. Ignatius (lege Barnabas) vir apostolicus et martyr scribit audacter; Elegit Dominus apostolos, qui super omnes homines pecca

tores erant.

Ignatius, (he meant, if he did not write, Barnabas,) an apostolic man and a martyr, boldly writes, The Lord chose his apostles, who were sinners above all

men.

Coteleriush and others suppose Jerome by fault of memory to have mistaken Ignatius for Barnabas, the passage being so clear in the latter, and no where to be found in the writings of the former; though Dr. Bernardi, after archbishop Usherk, by an ingenious conjecture supposes the mistake to have happened from this, viz. that the Epistles of Barnabas and Ignatius were joined in one volume, and by that means Jerome cited what he knew was in the volume where Barnabas was, though it happened not to be in Barnabas.

4.) Idem Lib. de interpret. nomin. Hebraic. ex Epistola Barnabæ.

Abraham, pater videns populum.

Amalec, populus lingens, sive populus brutus.

8 Hugo Menardus has observed this place, and that it can only refer to the eighth chapter of Barnabas. See his note there, 96.

Abraham, i. e. a father seeing people.

Amalec, i. e. a people lapping, or a brutish people.

↳ Testimon. præfix. Ep. Barnab. i Vid. ejus Adnot. annex. edit. Oxon. hujus Epistolæ.

k Vid. Præfat. edit. Oxon.

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Satan, adversarius, sive prævari- Satan, i. e. an adversary, a de

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The sentiments of modern writers concerning the Epistle of Barnabas, viz. archbishop Usher, Hugo Menardus, archbishop Laud, Isaac Vossius, Cotelerius, bishop Fell, Dr. Bernard, Mr. Dodwell, Mr. Du Pin, Dr. Cave, Frederick Spanheim, Mr. Toland, the present archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Mill, Mr. Eachard, Dr. S. Clark, Mr. Whiston, Mr. Le Clerc, and Dr. Jenkin.

HAVING thus produced all that I know, which is said by the ancients within my time, concerning the Epistle of Barnabas, I proceed now to give the reader some account of the sentiments of modern writers on the same. And here, as in other cases, we shall find them divided into various and differing opinions. I shall recite them according to the order of time in which they lived or wrote.

1. Archbishop USHER1.

He was the first who undertook the publishing or printing this Epistle in the world, in the year 1643; but by means of a great fire which happened that year at Oxford, the printinghouse with all its furniture was destroyed, and, among the rest, the manuscript copy of Barnabas, with all the archbishop's notes, and nothing saved, but only a few pages which

1 Præfat. edit. Oxon.

were in the corrector's hands, which were procured of him by Dr. Bernard, and given by him to bishop Fell, who published them in the preface to his edition of Barnabas at Oxford, 1685.

What this learned primate's opinion was concerning the author and authority of this Epistle, is not (as bishop Fell observes) fully expressed in any part of this Fragment; yet there are no contemptible evidences therein, that he esteemed it the work of some unknown author, who wrote not long after the time of Barnabas, and that it was excluded from the canon by the judgment of the universal church; which never received any works ascribed to Barnabas.

2. HUGO MENARDUS m.

He was a Benedictine monk, (or, which is the same", of the order of St. Maurus,) and prepared an edition of this Epistle out of a Greek manuscript, which he had from father Sirmond, and an ancient Latin version of it, which was found in a manuscript of the abbey of Corbey, near a thousand years old; but he dying before he could publish it, father don Luke d'Acherry printed it after his death at Paris, 1645°. Menardus observes, that it was justly esteemed,to be apocryphal by Eusebius, Jerome, &c. not only because it was uncertain whether this Epistle was wrote by Barnabas, but because there are some silly and inexcusable things in it. Nor does it at all prove to the contrary, that Clemens Alexandrinus and Origen have cited it without expressly mentioning that it was apocryphal; because they have in like manner cited other books certainly apocryphal; as, the Book of Enoch, the Shepherd, the Traditions of Matthias, &c. The design of it is, to prove against the Christian Jews, (or Ebionites,) that the law of Moses was utterly abrogated, and not to be joined with Christianity.

3. Archbishop LAUDP.

The same Hugo Menardus, when he had prepared his edi

m Vid. Menard. judic. præfix. huic Epistolæ in Clerici edit. Patrum Apostolic.

n St. Maurus was one of the disciples of Benedictus Nursinus, the founder of this order, as indeed of most of the monastic discipline in the

sixth century, &c. Vid. Spanheim. Hist. Eccl. sec. 6. §. 13. p. 1147, 148. • Dupin's History of the Canon, vol. 2. c. 6. §. 7. p. 133.

P Vid. Syllab. Epistolar. edit. Patr. Apostol. præfix. Epistol. I. cui titulus Epistola Reverendi in Christo Patris

tion of Barnabas, sent it over by the lord Scudamore, English ambassador at Paris, to archbishop Laud, for his opinion and judgment of it; who returned him in answer, that though the Epistle of Barnabas was old, it was so far from being canonical, in his opinion, that he believed it was not wrote by Barnabas, for the three following reasons:

1. Because the numeral divinity, as he calls it, (viz. the proof of the Messiah from the three letters I. H. T. which signify one hundred and eighteen, the number of persons whom Abraham circumcised, see ch. 9. of this Epistle,) looks very unlike the spirit or air of an apostle.

2. Because he proves that the world will have its end in the year six thousand; (because God was six days in making it, and to every day a thousand years are allowed; for God says, A thousand years are with him as one day.) See ch. 15.

3. Because he speaks expressly of the destruction of Jerusalem. (See ch. 16.)

This letter was dated from Lambeth, July 31st, 1639, and communicated afterwards to Paulus Colomesius by archbishop Sancroft.

4. ISAAC VOSSIUS 9.

Before archbishop Usher had begun to print his edition of Ignatius's Epistles at Oxford, 1643, to which he designed to have subjoined Barnabas, if the great fire there had not prevented it, Vossius had formed a design of publishing the Epistle of Barnabas from a Greek copy of Andreas Schottus, which was transcribed by Salmasius, and by him given to Vossius, and from the Latin copy of the abbey of Corbey, which he had transcribed by Cordesius. But when he perceived the design of archbishop Usher, at his request he gave him the use of his manuscripts, which he intended to have printed in the Oxford edition; but the fire destroying every thing belonging to it, he at length published himself the Epistles of Ignatius, with the Epistle of Barnabas annexed, from three manuscripts, viz. one out of the library at Florence, the other two from Rome. His opinion concerning the Epistle of Bar

Will. Laudi, Archiep. Cantuar. et totius Angliæ Primatis ad Virum Clariss. Hugonem Menardum Monachum, Benedictinum.

Vid. ejus judicium de Barnab. Epist. edit. Cleric. præfix. et confer Præmonit. Jacob. Archiepiscop. Armach. edit. Oxon. præfix.

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