as he does the Temporalities, signify only "worldly goods," or the spiritual portion of such goods, possessions, and profits spiritual, belonging to the bishopric. The Tragedy of Israel. By G. F. Armstrong, M.A. (Longmans.) MR. ARMSTRONG has now completed an able trilogy by the issue of a third volume, in which the character of King Solomon is portrayed with no less vigour than those of Saul and David in the previous parts. The first two volumes have been received with such general favour, that all will be glad now to contemplate the completed work. MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. have published, in two vols., a third edition of Dr. Daniel Wilson's Prehistoric Man: Researches into the Origin of Civilization in the Old and New World. This is a revised and enlarged edition of one of the most important books on one of the most important subjects ever published. In interest, it may be said to surpass the same author's well-known Prehistoric Annals of Scotland. 1875 (Ward, Lock & Tyler), has made its second appear The Year-Book of Facts in Science and the Arts, for ance, under the editorship of Mr. C. W. Vincent. Furni hed with an admirable index, it cannot fail to be useful to as many classes of referees as the subjects of which it treats. PEDESTRIANISM. The death of an old man, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, in February, 1798, named James Palmer, is recorded in the Monthly Magazine, of whom it is stated that, at the age of seventy-three, he walked from Newcastle to London and back again in eleven days, one of which he spent in the metropolis. The distance by the coach road was then reckoned 277 miles between the two cities, consequently he must have walked at the average rate of fifty-five miles a day. It is said that he started from Newcastle with only five shillings in his pocket. EDWARD SOLLY. The following is from Green's Chronological History of the Reign of George III., London, 1819. At the present time it may interest some of the readers of "N. & Q.”: "July 7, 1792. Powell, the noted pedestrian, arrived at Shoreditch Church at a quarter after one, having walked to and from York, 394 miles, in five days and thirteen hours. "February 1, 1818. A Mr. Howard commenced the task of going 600 miles in 'ten days for a wager of 200 guineas. He accomplished it, though he began to flag on the seventh day, and was greatly distressed at the close. The performance took place at Knaresford, on a two-mile piece of ground. This task, however, has been since greatly outdone by D. Crispe, who on the 9th of May finished his undertaking of walking to and from Oxford and London for seventeen successive days, being sixty-one miles each day." G. PERRATT. I SHOULD be glad to enter into communication with W. M. M. (5th S. v. 220) to exchange duplicate bookplates. CHARLES A. FEDERER. 8, Hallfield Road, Bradford. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. S. DOUBLE S. states that in January, 1793, "Charles Crawley, aged eleven years, was capitally convicted_for stealing, in the shop of W. Randall, four silk handker chiefs, value 25s." We do not know if this child was executed; but, in "N. & Q.," 3rd S. i. 39, it is stated that, "so late as 1831, a boy nine years of age was hung at Chelmsford, for arson committed at Witham, in the county of Essex." It is fortunate for the boys who now put sand-bags on the rails, to upset trains, that they are safe from the extreme penalty. T. J.-In the first place the lines are misquoted." They are as follows: "Opiniaters naturally differ From other Men; as wooden legs are stiffer Than those of pliant Joints, to yield and bow Which way soever th' are design'd to go." Secondly, they are not Suckling's, but Butler's. They are among his Miscellaneous Thoughts, see" Genuine Remains, in Verse and Prose, of Mr. Samuel Butler, Author of 'Hudibras.' Published from the Original MSS. formerly in the possession of W. Longueville, Esq. With Notes, by R. Thyer, Keeper of the Public Library at Manchester. 2 vols. J. & R. Tonson, in the Strand, 1759." The list of subscribers is a very long one. contains many celebrated names, including (as it would Hardenberg, in Sweden, M. Huet says, the mode of seem) every English merchant established at Lisbon. T. M. T.-This is the only case known to us :-" At choosing a burgomaster is this: the persons eligible sit with their beards upon a table; a louse is put in the middle of the table, and the one in whose beard he takes cover is the magistrate for the ensuing year."- Bayle, vol. iii. p. 484; quoted by Southey in Collections for "The Doctor." It NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries' -Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher "-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and We beg leave to state that we decline to return comto this rule we can make no exception. A CATALOGUE of Second-Hand Books in English Literature, and including a few Translations of the Greek and Latin Classics. Send Stamp for Postage.-W. HEATH, 497, Oxford Street, London. CHUBB'S PRICE LIST, Illustrated, of SAFES, BAGS, BOXES, &c., all fitted with their Patent Detector Lo ks, sent post free to any Part of the World.-CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C., and 68 St James's Street. S. W., London: 2, Lord Street, Liverpool; 68, Cross Street, Manchester; and Wolverhampton. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 1876. CONTENTS. - N° 117. NOTES:-Louis XV. considered as a Politician, 241-A Poem by Dr. Donne, 242-On Some Obscure Words in Shakspeare, 243-Mr. Browning's "Inn Album," 244-An EpitaphNothing New, 245-The New Domesday Book-The Belis at Holmes Chapel, Cheshire-Vestments-Hand Fasting: An contemporary documents, that there was in Louis XV. "the stuff to make an honest man and a first-rate king: shrewdness, dignity, and, who would believe it? a sincere love of what is good. Unfortunately these qualities were nullified by many vices, and by defects which, in princes, are as fatal as vices themselves. His gross cient Custom in Scotland-Sir W. Scott and the Suez Canal: disregard of every duty, and of even the most elementary An Anticipation-Popular Credulity, 246. QUERIES:-Capt. William Thompson, 1781-Burns-The Powells of Boughrood, Radnorshire-Hooker's Expulsion from College, 247-Orra-John Upton-"The Tournament of Tottenham"-Authors Wanted-John Taylor, Bishop of Lincoln-Platt Deutsch-Wace-" Roll of Caerlaverock"St. Finnian, 248-Sovereign-Lord Ligonier-Heraldic-The Rev. T. Hayward-The "Fraser" Portrait Gallery-"Incorporate your Borough "-Reresby, Maryland, America-John Robinson, Bishop of London, 249. REPLIES:-"King Stephen was a worthy peer," 249-Khedive, 250-Milton's Forestry: Jeanneton, 251-John DunstableThe Military Knights of Windsor, 252-Riding the StangThe Protestant Cathedrals of Holland-The Costume of Macbeth, 253-Medallic-Brass Relic at Ely, 254-Whipping Females-Fool, in "Gooseberry-fool "-"Critics, men who have failed"-Tennyson's "Enoch Arden": Pealing of Bells, 255-Sir Eliab Harvey-Medal of Henry IX.-Stanislaus, King of Poland-" Last of the Stuarts": Lady Louisa Stuart Camping"-S. Johnson, M. A.-Naval Engagement, 256-The Religion of J. Stuart Mill: EpigramWilliam atte Mawe-The "Hundred Guilder" Print-Title of Emperor given to the Sovereigns of England-" Catamaran," 257. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. LOUIS XV. CONSIDERED AS A POLITICIAN. Correspondance Secrète inédite de Louis XV. sur la Politique Etrangère avec le Comte de Broglie, Tercier, &c., précédée d'une Etude sur le Caractère de la Politique Personnelle de Louis XV. Par M. E. Boutaric. 2 vols. 8vo. Paris, Plon. M. E. Boutaric published some years ago a work which I do not remember to have seen reviewed in English newspapers, although it touches frequently upon questions of international policy, and discusses events in which this country was deeply interested. I shall therefore examine it a little here, and endeavour to point out its great importance as a contribution to the history of the eighteenth century. Certainly no one would attempt to whitewash Louis XV. Writers belonging to the most opposite parties agree in condemning him; and a king who placed shameless libertinism on the throne deserves to be for ever branded as a worthless and dangerous character. When Louis XIV. accepted the yoke of Madame de Maintenon, he had seen, at any rate, that Scarron's widow possessed qualities of no mean order. But what can be said of him who gave over the destinies of France to Madame de Pompadour and Madame du Barry? M. E. Boutaric is the first to acknowledge all this, but, at the same time, he declares, on the authority of notions of propriety, had its source, not in guilty carelessness, but in an extraordinary weakness of temper, and in an amount of diffidence only equalled by his distrust of the people who surrounded him." M. Boutaric proves admirably that there was in the unfortunate Louis XV. a kind of twofold personage. Two natures struggled within his breast for the mastery; and more than any other historical character, perhaps, he realized the celebrated lines of the Latin poet : "... video meliora, proboque; Of course a nature distinctly and decidedly pliable as the King's yielded at once to any influence, either good or bad, within whose reach it was brought. Unfortunately the latter one prevailed, and Louis XV. lacked the spirit of resistance to acts of favouritism which he himself knew to be scandalously wrong. Thus, when, urged on by Madame de Pompadour, he had dismissed M. de Machault, an able administrator and an intelligent politician, he wrote as follows to his favourite daughter, the Duchess of Parma: "Ils ont tant fait, qu'ils m'ont forcé à renvoyer Machault, l'homme selon mon cœur ; je ne m'en consolerai jamais." Thus, again, towards the end of his reign, alluding to M. de Monteynard, the Minister of War, who was attacked by the Duke d'Aiguillon and Madame du Barry, he said: "Il faudra bien qu'il tombe, car il n'y a que moi qui le soutienne." The result of this fatal disposition is easily told. Incapable of setting openly at defiance the intrigues of courtiers and favourites, Louis XV. still preserved his own views, and encouraged himself in maintaining them by stealth, if I may use such an expression. Hence his habits of dissimulation, and his deplorable want of straightforwardness. "He had," says M. Boutaric, "his private exchequer, his personal system of politics, and an occult government which acted in opposition to the official one. The man spent part of his life in' thwarting and endeavouring to nullify the action of the king." The two volumes I am now noticing contain the interesting history of this secret government. Naturally inclined to duplicity and fond of intrigue, Louis XV. had been encouraged in these habits under the rule of Cardinal de Fleury. And even during the lifetime of that minister, who, alone among his advisers, enjoyed his full confidence, he carried on the system of double dealing, which subsequently was practised on a large scale. The King's earliest political correspondent was Harrow on the Hill. A POEM BY DR. DONNE. The MS. of the following poem is written, in a bold hand, on the two sides of a page of foolscap. It is nearly worn through at the folding, but has had a strip pasted down each side to keep it together; and on one of the strips is the note by W. Harte. I found it in looking over some old family papers of my great uncles, Sir Thomas and Rev. Andrew Lawrence, the latter of whom was private chaplain to Lord Craven. "My Lord, M. de Chauvelin. After Fleury's death, Marshal subject of M. Boutaric's work. I shall glance at de Noailles enjoyed the same privilege. Ap-it in my second article. GUSTAVE MASSON. pointed in August, 1742, to organize the defence of the coast of Flanders, then threatened by the English, Noailles took the opportunity of corresponding directly with the King, and asked leave to submit unreservedly to him his observations on the affairs of the day. The permission was readily | granted, and it resulted in a correspondence which has been published by M. Camille Rousset, from the originals preserved in the French War Office. I shall not dwell at any length on this series of letters. It forms no part of the present work, but M. Boutaric devotes fifty pages of his historical introduction to a summary of its principal contents; and he takes the opportunity of putting forth in its true light the character of Louis XV. Now you are at Rome, and there behold Understanding perfectly well the Marshal's objec-Things which are wonders when in England told, tions, arguing with the most remarkable accuracy, Did ne'er see Italy but in a mappe; Especially to me (whose dull mishappe explaining admirably why the affairs of the And all I have to say I was in France country were in a state of decay, the King never took the trouble to find out whether there was not a means of getting out of the political and administrative difficulties by which France was beset on all sides. "One thing is certain," says he, in a letter to M. de Noailles, "I am very patient, perhaps too much so, and I like to see through matters clearly; then I can make up my mind." If Louis XV. meant by this expression that he could take a decisive step, and act conformably to the impression which events made upon him, he deceived himself. On the other hand, it is perfectly true that he made up his mind to let things have their course. The doctrine of "accomplished facts" was the one for him. "Louis XV.," says the Duke de Luynes, "talked of public affairs, and occupied himself with them from the historical point of view." This is quite true. Unfortunately an historical aptitude is not what statesmen and kings require; what they want is a militant disposition. Such is M. Boutaric's remark, and I certainly agree with it. When we glance over the correspondence between the King and M. de Noailles, we cannot help being struck by the weight which public opinion had already acquired, and by the growing dissatisfaction of the Parisians. The want of discipline prevailing throughout the army, the insouciance of the officers, and the hesitation manifested by the Government during the war of the Austrian succession (1743), formed the common talk of the cafés; and Louis XV. certainly heard the echo of these conversations. He could not, however, prevail upon himself to act with the energy which his correspondent was repeatedly advising; and when M. de Noailles died (1766), the epistolary intercourse had been discontinued for ten years. New dramatis personce then appeared on the stage, and with the Count de Broglie, the Chevalier d'Eon, Tercier, and Guerchy, we arrive at the real Is that I saw you ride, tosse balls, and Dance, In those old ruins Cato's House did stand. What ere you worthy of reporting saw. Old Rome with New, sights past with those that are? Fit to be called the World's Imperiall Streame, Who did make Gods in verse of Brooks in prose; Then our Paule's steeple when it had a spire, On Trajan's Piller when he left his nett. In the mean time, resolve me, good my Lord, Or whether Pasquin speakes such bold truths there Saw you a Dogg by a grosse vapour slayne, Did you meet Louers' Ghosts with mirtle crown'd; Doth old Sybilla's Cave a Horrour speake I will not ask, my Lord, how oft the sunne "This curious poem, never before printed, was written by the famous Dr. Donne, in the year 1630, and sent to Rome to William, Lord Craven, who served with so much credit under Gustavus Adolphus. It was entrusted to my care with the curious State papers of the said Lord Craven, by Fulwar, Lord Craven, in the year 1762. (Signed) "W. HARTE." "Our poesie is as a gown, which uses From whence 'tis nourisht." Timon, i. 1. Pope altered the passage to "Our poesie is as a gum," &c., and other editors have adopted the emendation. Dr. Johnson suggested oozes for uses, and Mr. Knight, adopting both suggestions, prints the passage thus : "Our poesie is as a gum, which oozes From whence 'tis nourisht." Uses is certainly another form of oozes, but there is no need to alter the word gown. It is found in our older writers, and is still used in the western counties as a term for a running sore. In the North, nurses call the eruption which sometimes appears in the mouth of a young child red gown, or thrush, and in Yorkshire gunny eyes are eyes that discharge foul matter. Another form of the word, and a more ancient one, is gound. In this form it is found in the Promp. Parvulorum (gownde of the eye, ridda, albugo) and in Piers Ploughman's Vision. It is the A.-S. gund; O.H.G. gunt, pus, sanies (Graff). This is clean kam. Kam."Sic. Brut. Merely awry. When he did love his country, It honoured him." Coriol., iii. 1. Pope, not understanding the meaning of the word kam, altered it to wrong. Mr. Knight observes of the phrase clean kam: "We take this to mean 'nothing to the purpose.' Any one of our provincial glossaries would have enlightened Mr. Knight as to the meaning of the expression. Cam or kam means crooked, awry, perverse. Clean was used in old time very commonly for entirely or merely, as in our Auth. Ver., "Is his mercy clean gone for ever?" It is still so used in our dialects. Clean kam is therefore exactly equivalent to merely awry, and Brutus only echoes the thought of his fellow tribune. It is a Celtic word, and is found in all the branches of the Celtic stock. W. cam, crooked, awry, wrong. Pash. "Leontes. How now, you wanton calf, Art thou my calf? Mam. Yes, if you will, my lord. Leontes. Thou want'st a rough pash and the shoots that I have To be full like me." Wint. Tale, i. 2. Nares says that the word is supposed to mean a skin, but that, from the context, it seems to denote something belonging to a bull or calf. Mr. Knight refers to Jamieson's Scot. Dict., where pash is explained as meaning head. This gives an intelliDr. Donne is called by De Quincey, Works, vii.gible sense, but it does not appear that the word 276, "one of the subtlest intellects that England has ever been used with this meaning in England. has produced." A. R. B. In Herefordshire, bash (pash) means the rough front of a bull's or pig's head (see Sir C. Lewis's Gloss.), and this may be taken as the meaning of pash in the Winter's Tale. Malone, though ignorant of the provincial term, has perceived acutely the meaning of the passage. He paraphrases it thus: "I am the horned bull. Thou wantest the rough head and horns of that animal completely to resemble me." Sob. "Ant. S. I understand thee not. Drom. S. No? why, 'tis a plain case: he that went, like a bass-viol, in a case of leather; the man, sir, that, when gentlemen are tired, gives them a sob and 'rests them; he, sir, that takes pity on decayed men, and gives them suits of durance."-Com. of Errors, iv. 3. Mr. Knight, despairing of any suitable meaning for sob, has altered it, after Rowe, to fob. Mr. Collier has adopted this alteration, but it is not clear that fob gives an intelligible meaning to the passage, or that it admits of the equivoque which is evidently intended. In the west of England, sob or sop means either (1) a piece of bread or flesh in pottage, or (2) a blow, a stroke. Dromio is describing in humorous and equivocal language a catch-pole: "He that came behind you, sir, like an evil angel, and bid you forsake your liberty." The words, then, which seem to mean that he gives a sop (of food) and rests them, bear the covert meaning of "he gives them a stroke and arrests them," the irony answering to that which is conveyed in the words, "He takes pity on decayed men, and gives them suits of durance." Drumble. "What, John, Robert, John! Go, take up these clothes here quickly where's the cowl-staff? look! how you drumble; carry them to the laundress in Datchet mead; quickly, come."-M. W. W., iii. 3. a a Mr. Collier says "the meaning is evident," but still, and this, we doubt not, is really meant." "I have possess'd your grace of what I purpose." In "Informed" say Mr. Knight and other editors. intellect. Insense. This nearly resembles possess in meaning. To insense still means, in the West, to present a thing so clearly to the mind as to give a distinct perception of it. It differs from possess in not containing necessarily the idea of assent or conviction. A person is insensed when he is fully informed and understands. A master insenses his pupils when they thoroughly understand the lesson. The word is used in this sense by Shakspeare: "Indeed, this day, Sir, I may tell it you, I think I have Insens'd the lords o' the council that he is A most arch heretic." Rich. III., v. 1. This is probably the word (though spelt incensed, and generally explained as irritated, instigated) in the following passage : "Think you, my lord, this little prating York Was not incensed by his subtle mother To taunt and scorn you thus opprobriously." Rich. III., iii. 2. This is a suggestion of Dr. Nares, and seems to be well founded. JOHN DAVIES. Belsize Square. "There, the murderers, Steeped in the colours of their trade, their daggers Unmannerly breech'd with gore." Macbeth, ii. 3. Messrs. Clark and Wright say that "several edi- [We may recommend to our correspondent's notice tors and commentators, offended by the homeliness Shakespeare Hermeneutics; or, the Still Lion: being an of the image, have suggested emendations, as 'un-Essay towards the Restoration of Shakespeare's Text. By Dr. Ingleby (Trübner & Co.).] manly reech'd,' 'unmannerly hatch'd,' 'unmanly drenched,' &c. Johnson seems to take 'breech'd with gore' as meaning the handle stained with gore, but surely the blade would be more stained MR. ROBERT BROWNING'S "INN ALBUM."-It ought to be more widely known that the story told |