the time at which it was compofed adds little to the wonders of Cowley's minority. In 1636, he was removed to Cambridge *, where he continued his ftudies with great intenfenefs; for he is faid to have written, while he was yet a young ftudent, the greater part of his "Davideis;" a work of which the materials could not have been collected without the study of many years, but by a mind of the greatest vigour and activity. Two years after his fettlement at Cambridge he published" Love's Riddle," with a poetical dedication to Sir Kenelm Digby; of whofe acquaintance all his contemporaries feem to have been ambitious; and Naufragium Joculare," a comedy written in Latin, but without due attention to the ancient models; for it is not loose verse, but mere prose. It was printed, with a dedication in yerfe, to Dr. Comber, mafter of the college; but, having neither the facility of a popular nor the accuracy of a learned work, it feems to be now univerfally neglected. At the beginning of the civil war, as the Prince paffed through Cambridge in his way to York, he was entertained with a reprefentation of the "Guar "dian," a comedy, which Cowley fays was neither written nor acted, but rough-drawn by him, and repeated by the fcholars. That this comedy was printed during his abfence from his country, he appears to have confidered as injurious to his reputation; though, during the fuppreffion of the * He was a candidate this year at Westminster-school for election to Trinity-college, but proved unfuccefsful. N. theatres, theatres, it was fometimes privately acted with fufficient approbation. In 1643, being now mafter of arts, he was, by the prevalence of the parliament, ejected from Cambridge, and fheltered himfelf at St. John's College in Oxford; where, as is faid by Wood, he published a fatire, called "The Puritan and Papift," which was only inferted in the last collection of his works*; and fo diftinguifhed himself by the warmth of his loyalty and the elegance of his conversation, that he gained the kindnefs and confidence of those who attended the King, and amongst others of Lord Falkland, whofe notice caft a luftre on all to whom it was extended. About the time when Oxford was furrendered to the parliament, he followed the Queen to Paris, where he became fecretary to the Lord Jermyn, afterwards Earl of St. Albans, and was employed in fuch correfpondence as the royal caufe required, and particularly in cyphering and decyphering the letters that paffed between the King and Queen; an employment of the higheft confidence and honour. So wide was his province of intelligence, that, for feveral years, it filled all his days and two or three nights in the week. In the year 1647, his "Miftrefs" was published; for he imagined, as he declared in his preface to a subsequent edition, that " poets are scarcely thought * In the first edition of this Life, Dr. Johnfon wrote, “which was never inferted in any collection of his works;" but he altered the expreffion when the lives were collected into volumes. The fatire was added to Cowley's works by the particular direction of Dr. Johnfon. N. "freemen of their company without paying fome "duties, or obliging themselves to be true to Love." This obligation to amorous ditties owes, I believe, its original to the fame of Petrarch, who, in an age rude and uncultivated, by his tuneful homage to his Laura, refined the manners of the lettered world, and filled Europe with love and poetry. But the bafis of all excellence is truth: he that profeffes love ought to feel its power. Petrarch was a real lover, and Laura doubtlefs deferved his tenderness. Of Cowley, we are told by Barnes*, who had means enough of information, that, whatever he may talk of his own inflammability, and the variety of characters by which his heart was divided, he in reality was in love but once, and then never had refolution to tell his paffion. This confideration cannot but abate, in some meafure, the reader's efteem for the work and the author. To love excellence, is natural; it is natural likewise for the lover to folicit reciprocal regard by an elaborate display of his own qualifications. The defire of pleafing has in different men produced actions of heroifm, and effufions of wit; but it seems as reafonable to appear the champion as the poet of an "airy nothing," and to quarrel as to write for what Cowley might have learned from his mafter Pindar to call the " dream of a fhadow." It is furely not difficult, in the folitude of a college, or in the buftle of the world, to find, useful ftudies and ferious employment. No man needs to be fo burthened with life as to fquander it in volun * Barnefii Anacreontem. Dr. J. tary The man that tary dreams of fictitious occurrences. fits down to fuppofe himself charged with treafon or peculation, and heats his mind to an elaborate purgation of his character from crimes which he was never within the poffibility of committing, differs only by the infrequency of his folly from him who praises beauty which he never faw; complains of jealousy which he never felt; fuppofes himself fome. times invited, and fometimes forfaken; fatigues his fancy, and ranfacks his memory, for images which may exhibit the gaiety of hope, or the gloominefs of despair; and dreffes his imaginary Chloris or Phyllis fometimes in flowers fading as her beauty, and fometimes in gems lafting as her virtues. At Paris, as fecretary to lord Jermyn, he was engaged in tranfacting things of real importance with real men and real women, and at that time did not much employ his thoughts upon phantoms of gallantry. Some of his letters to Mr. Bennet, afterwards Earl of Arlington, from April to December, in 1650, are preferved in "Mifcellanea Aulica," a collection of papers published by Brown. Thefe letters, being written like thofe of other men whofe minds are more on things than words, contribute no otherwise to his reputation than as they fhew him to have been above the affectation of unfeasonable elegance, and to have known that the bufinefs of a ftatesman can be little forwarded by flowers of rhetorick. One paffage, however, feems not unworthy of fome notice. Speaking of the Scotch treaty then in agiţation; 66 "The Scotch treaty," fays he, "is the only thing 66 now in which we are vitally concerned; I am one "of the laft hopers, and yet cannot now abftain from believing that an agreement will be made; all "people upon the place incline to that of union. "The Scotch will moderate fomething of the rigour "of their demands; the mutual neceffity of an ac"cord is vifible, the King is perfuaded of it. And 66 to tell you the truth (which I take to be an argu"ment above all the reft), Virgil has told the fame thing to that purpose." 66 This expreffion from a fecretary of the present time would be confidered as merely ludicrous, or at most as an oftentatious display of scholarship; but the manners of that time were fo tinged with fuperftition, that I cannot but fufpect Cowley of having confulted on this great occafion the Virgilian lots*, and * Confulting the Virgilian Lots, Sortes Virgiliana, is a me thod of Divination by the opening of Virgil, and applying to the circumstances of the peruser the firft paffage in either of the two pages that he accidentally fixes his eye on. It is faid, that king Charles I. and Lord Falkland, being in the Bodleian library, made this experiment of their future fortunes, and met with paffages equally ominous to each. That of the king was the following: At bello audacis populi vexatus & armis, Æneid. iv. 615. Yet let a race untam'd, and haughty foes, Op |