confirm in him what his instinct would already have told him -that the emotions must be organized and trained if life is to have its full degree of wholesomeness, vigor, and delight. Huck would use his time wisely to that end, giving his imagination free rein, and consolidating all those precious glimpses of spiritual verity which it brought to him. In the pure sciences and arts he would perceive the variety of ways by which the human imagination can seize and utilize the materials of its world. In philosophy and literature he would read an enchanting record of what men have felt about life; in history he would see how these intangible sentiments have fashioned human destiny.

Huck would acquire another sort of culture too. He would learn to find human companionship with an uncanny skill, seeking out friends not for their usefulness but for their agreeability, not for their money but for their moods. He would learn reverence for the beauty and joy of all right human relationships, from the easy gaieties of casual acquaintance to the deep devotions of love. Faith and trust would grow in him as a natural religion; the obligations of comradeship would teach him how the commonplace humdrum of life can be illuminated by affection, and how even adverse circumstances can be transcended by the positive sentiment of loyalty.

And he would learn still other wisdom. Beyond books and beyond friends he would discover, in the recesses of his own heart, those ultimate truths that can scarcely be communicated, but must be attained by direct apprehension, through the imagination, as by an act of faith, and in moments that cannot be commanded. Huck would bless an environment which ministered so kindly to him. He would cherish a tradition which so faithfully fostered the imagination. Looking up from his history book some afternoon and musing for a while, he might reflect that not for nothing does the college trace its lineage back to the philosophers and the churchmen, whose concern was not so much with a man's job as with his soul.

On the Elimination of Personal Bias from

I

STATE TEACHERS COLLEGE, ST. CLOUD, MINN.

Or,

F fifty of the remarkable men of the last decade were one man, what would be this great man's advice to young people on how to succeed. if one man had lived twenty-two hundred and fifty years in our modern social order, what would be his advice on the principles of individual success? Such advice, if given, certainly would be sought after, because such a man would have obtained wisdom that would be as broad as life itself and would to a very considerable extent eliminate the almost inevitable biases and prejudices of a lesser man of one-fiftieth the experience and very probably of one-fiftieth the wisdom.

It is the purpose of this article to make as earnest an effort as is possible to approach the ideal just set forth. Of course, it is obviously impossible to meet an individual who is twentytwo hundred and fifty years old and who has had ten hundred and fifty years of business and professional experience. But it is possible to tabulate the advice of fifty remarkable men with equivalent total length of life and as many years of experience; to classify that advice and to summarize the classification in such a manner that our ideal man can be approached for wisdom. This has been done by the writer.

Fifteen of the fifty men who have made public* their rules for success are listed below, and it is believed the recognition of their names and general qualities will increase one's interest in the summarized recommendations. The men are as

In the American Magazine. Reports sampled from issues of the last decade.

follows (occupations given are those at the time of their report):

Thomas E. Wilson, President of Wilson and Company, Packers.

Darwin P. Kingsley, President of a large life insurance company.

James J. Walsh, New York doctor and writer.

James A. Farrell, President U. S. Steel Corporation. Theodore N. Vail, President American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

Cardinal Gibbons, Catholic prelate.

Major General Geo. W. Goethals, Builder of the Panama Canal.

Wallace B. Donham, Dean of the Harvard Business School. Dr. C. E. Albright, Star life insurance salesman.

Geo. A. Tomlinson, operator of Great Lakes Steamship lines.

Samuel Vauclain, President Baldwin Locomotive Works. Emerson Cary, President Cary Salt Company.

James S. McCulloch, President New York Telephone Com

pany.

Wm. E. Knox, President Bowery Savings Bank, New York. Walter S. Gifford, Executive Vice-president of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

The combined advice of these men should rightly be considered as the advice of one man with the experience of fifty. The principles of success proposed by our statistical Solomon are presented below. They are listed in order of frequency of mention, and the first number in the parenthesis indicates the number of men mentioning the factor, while the second number indicates the percent mentioning it.

Make Genuine Service your Motto (23, 46). In the long run you can't succeed by cheating the public. Value must be given for the pay you receive, or better, give more than you receive. This suggestion includes the principles of reliability, unselfishness, co-operativeness, loyalty, and conscientiousness. "Remember that men grow by giving, not by getting, and that one gives from the overflow of simplicity and warmth." Work Hard (15, 30). "The difference between a big man in business and an ordinary man is largely a matter of capacity

for work." Be Enthusiastic (14, 28). Show that you are interested in your work and that you enjoy making plans for improvement. If you are not interested in your work, act as if you were. Set a Definite Goal (11, 22). Few can arrive if they do not know where they are going. Visualize what you want to be and then set out on the road that leads there with all the power that is in you. "The world makes way for the man who knows where he is going." Persist (11, 22). Even though the way may be rough and reverses may come stick! The man who jumps from job to job when things slack up is not so likely to succeed.

These first five rules seem to the writer to be in a class by themselves, and they are mentioned by from twenty-two to forty-six per cent of the men. The second group follows:

Concentrate (8, 16). Do not be swerved from your main task by trivial activities and interests. Be Sociable (8, 16). Take time to be human. Enjoy friends and friendship. Show Patience (8, 16). The world will not reform itself at your command. Neither will the organization for which you work. Do your work in a superior fashion, and be willing to wait a reasonable length of time for recognition. Pay Attention to Details (7, 14). "Approach each task, no matter how small, with the idea that it might possibly be the thing which may determine your whole future." Control Yourself (7, 14). "If you want to rise, your first job is to master your own temper." Be Courageous (6, 12). When you are convinced that a certain matter is true and right and should be carried into actual practice-go ahead and get it done. Don't let the sneers of shallow thinkers deter you. Develop Yourself (6, 12). Continue to grow in the mastery of the principles of theory and practice in your particular line of work. "Compel yourself to go from one thing to another." Know Facts (6, 12). The mind cannot make sound judgments without basic facts. Establish a Record Wherever You Are (5, 10). Do the job a little better than those around you, and a little better than you are expected to do it. Be Able to Handle

Men (5, 10). One has a better chance to succeed in high positions if he knows the principles and practices of directing the activity of others. This refers particularly to an understanding of the principles underlying the development of morale. Be Honest (4, 8). Do what you know is right. Employers like men who can be depended upon to tell the straight truth, even though it may show the weakness of oneself. Be Modest (4, 8). Have merit. Use it. Don't talk about it much. Others will learn of your accomplishments if there are any. Use Common Sense (4, 8). Use simple solutions to problems. Keep clear-headed. Be Thoughtful (4, 8). Consider the desires of others in little matters. Think first and act second. Keep Your Health (4, 8). "Do not work when you should be sleeping, playing, or eating."

TABLE SHOWING RANKING OF SUCCESS FACTORS

(With Number and Percent of the Fifty, Specifying Each)