governed (!). On one occasion his mona was considered inadequate, and a letter was sent 'inviting' him to Court. On his arrival he was summoned to the presence of his imperial master.

'You have sent me 20,000 dollars,' said the Commander of the Faithful; 'that is not enough. You should have sent me 30,000 at least. Methinks a

prison will suit you better than a kasbah.'

The Kaid was terrified, and pleaded to be allowed to return home to get the other 10,000 dollars, but he only thereby assured his fate.

'Oh, you have got another 10,000 dollars, have you, and you dare to rob me thus, and keep for your own use what belongs to your Sultan? Away with him to prison, and there let him stay until we learn the secret of where his ill-gotten treasure lies hid.'

And to prison he went, where he had ample leisure to repent, and to reflect upon the eternal truth of 'how wretched is that poor man that hangs on princes' favours.'

For this mission Kaid Hassan had been selected by Giluli, and he had promised his friend Bel F'kuk to look after us well on the road and treat us kindly, and we were all cheered by the news. Our treatment couldn't well be worse than it was under Giluli, and there was every prospect of it being considerably better.

The next day was gloriously fine and hot. Not a drop of rain had fallen since our capture, which was fortunate for us, considering the porous state of our ragged tent. In the morning Sabbah was sent for to go to the Khalifa's house. We thought this summons might portend fresh news for us, but it was only to amuse the Khalifa and his friends, and to ask him to

explain the uses of some of the instruments belonging to the expedition which had been seized in our camp at Arksis. Before he left, however, Sabbah improved the occasion by getting from the Khalifa two pesetas wherewith to buy a pair of slippers. On being captured he had been deprived of his boots, and the slippers that had been lent him to enable him to march to Arksis had been taken away from him on arrival there. In this extremity de Reya had lent him a pair of 'Arctic' socks that he was wearing, while he himself was content with a pair of rubber sea-boots without socks of any sort.

In the afternoon we witnessed an operation that I never wish to see again. The blacksmith came into the yard with an anvil and hammer and a heap of ankle-bars and rivets. These fetters consisted of a flat bar of iron 9 or 10 inches in length, with a hole at each end. Through these holes were passed iron rings with the ends open, and the native prisoners were brought out one by one to have these infernal fetters fastened on their feet. The rings were put round their ankles, the ends brought together and riveted cold. Sometimes the hammer struck the foot as well as the iron, but not a moan or a murmur escaped the victim's lips. As soon as the operation was completed, the prisoner would hobble away, and seizing any old rags he could get, even tearing strips from his own clothes for the purpose, would wrap them round the iron to lessen the chafing on his already bleeding legs. legs. In this manner are all the Sultan's prisoners riveted, and on arrival at the prison destined for their reception, some of the 'worst offenders' are further condemned to have heavy weights or cannon-balls attached to their chains, so that they

can only with the greatest difficulty drag themselves along at all. Age and youth, feebleness and strength, innocence and guilt, alike are disregarded. No trial takes place. A prisoner's arrest is proof sufficient of his guilt, and once immured within those living tombs, only one key can unlock the prison doors, and that is the key of gold. It is not an unusual thing for a poor wretch to lose the use of his lower limbs entirely in consequence of these heavy chains. Only last year a gentleman, whose veracity cannot for a moment be impeached, revisited Morocco, and recorded that he 'saw a shocking sight of a man in Larache prison, unable to speak and dying. His legs were paralyzed owing to chains, and he was left in a condition too disgusting for description.'

*

In this connection I cannot refrain from quoting the account furnished to Al Moghreb al Aksa, a weekly newspaper published at Tangier in English, by their Mazagan correspondent last August, of an event that is of such frequent occurrence in Morocco as scarcely to excite more than passing notice or remark. 'Again,' he writes, we have had the sad experience of a most barbarous spectacle offered by the native authorities. in the act of preparing the unfortunate prisoners who were brought some time ago from the Riff coast for transportation to Marrakesh.

'These poor Bocoya people, numbering nearly 250, including a large proportion of aged and decrepit. persons, and even boys, in company with another batch of about 150 prisoners who were sent here from the neighbouring province of Abda, and others from different districts, making a total of about 500, had

* Mr. Henry Gurney, one of the executive committee of the Howard Association.