CHAP.
XI.

Von Syel's

volution.

eyes' (iii. 183). Lord Londonderry's Correspondence (1850) has been edited by his brother, who survived him more than thirty years. The public life of the latter was comparatively brief, extending only from his mission as ambassador to Vienna in 1814 to his withdrawal from diplomatic service after the Congress of Vienna in 1823.

(C.) Latest Historical Writers. Among the many French Re- productions to which the French Revolution has given rise, the work of VON SYBEL' is generally regarded as the ablest, and is perhaps the most impartial. The writer's treatment of his subject is of that philosophical character by which he is distinguished as an historian, and he co-ordinates the Revolution with the two last divisions of Poland and the disintegration of the German Empire as one of the great events which mark the fall of Feudalism.

Alison's

Europe.

SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON'S History of Europe, from History of the year 1789 to 1815, although often superficial in its treatment and wanting in the higher merits of historical composition, besides exhibiting throughout an almost servile deference to the views of the Tory party of his time, is still the most complete source of information for the main facts of the period when all European history took its direction from the action and policy in France. In conjunction with the later volumes, the student should read SIR WILLIAM NAPIER'S History of the War in the Peninsula, which supplies some important corrections of Alison's narrative. A Continuation of the History of Europe, which subsequently appeared, is still

Napier's War in the Peninsula.

History of the French Revolution. By Heinrich von Sybel, Professor of History in the University of Bonn. Translated from the third edition by Walter C. Perry. 4 vols. 1867.

2 History of the War in the Peninsula and in the South of France, from the year 1807 to the year 1814. By Major-General Sir W. F. P. Napier. New edit.

6 vols. 1851.

XI.

Spencer Walpole's History of

more strongly characterised by the author's design of СНАР. making his subject the vehicle for enforcing his particular views, and is loaded with much irrelevant disquisition. At this point, however, commences MR. SPENCER WALPOLE'S History of England,' a far more judicious and careful performance. The writer has, indeed, been cen- England. sured for giving somewhat undue importance to the bureaucratic influences of the time, and his treatment does not exhibit any of the higher powers of philosophic generalisation; but his research is extensive, and the commercial, economic, and financial questions which now begin to enter more largely than ever into the political history of the nation, are treated with sound judgment and conspicuous moderation. A valuable aid in the more detailed study of these questions is afforded by TOOKE'S History of Prices, which contains an Tooke's elaborate series of statistics from 1793 to 1837. With History of the year 1816 commences the History of the Peace, by MartiHARRIET MARTINEAU. Of this, however, the first book (which extends to the death of George III.) is the Peace. written by Charles Knight, and it is consequently only to the last two years of the present period that her work relates. In its composition, the authoress had access to unpublished sources of information, and was aided by the advice and criticism of some distinguished politicians of the Whig party. Generally speaking, it may be said that this History is less full of detail and less complete than Mr. Walpole's, but is far more animated in its description of events, while in its estimate of characters.

A History of England from the Conclusion of the Great War in 1815. By Spencer Walpole. 3 vols. 1878-80.

2 A History of Prices and of the State of the Circulation from 1793 to 1837; preceded by a brief Sketch of the Corn Trade in the last two Centuries. By Tooke and Newmarch. 6 vols. 1838-57.

The History of England during the Thirty Years' Peace, 1816-46.

Prices.

neau's

History of

СНАР.
XI.

Pauli's

Geschichte

and the statemanship of the period it evinces powers of a high order. DR. PAULI'S Geschichte Englands1 contains no facts which may not be found in the foregoing Englands. Writers; but the introduction and first four chapters are of some interest, as occasionally presenting us with the views of an enlightened Continental historian respecting the foreign policy and diplomatic relations of England at this critical period.

Geschichte Englands seit den Friedenschlüssen von 1814 und 1215. von Reinhold Pauli. Leipzig, 1864.

INDEX.