feed' of the turnip, nor is there any danger of squeezing and preffing the earth too firmly about it. The common harrow tears up the ground too much, and buries the feed too deep; (71) the best way---is to draw a bush-harrow over the ground,' to cover the feed flightly, and then roll it with a very heavy roller.' Another way, we are told, is to roll the ground with ⚫ a wooden roller, ftuck full of fhort pegs,' the feed is to be fcattered in, and a bush-harrow is to be drawn over it afterwards, which will fufficiently level the ground.' (72)

We have alfo an excellent receipt, it is faid, to prevent the fly from deftroying the young turnips, when they firft come up. • Mix together equal quantities of ftone-lime, and wood-foot. Have ready a quantity of urine, fufficient to moisten them into a thin pap. Heat a little of the urine, and put to the rest, that it may be all milk-warm, then mix it by degrees with the lime ⚫ and foot. The lime will presently flake, and breaking to pieces, the whole will make a smooth mass, of a thin confiftence; pour this, when cold, upon the turnip-feed, let it remain in it four and twenty hours, and then fow it in the manner we have directed.' The fuccefs of this receipt has been fo great, our Authors tell us, that they are defirous it should be univerfally known and followed. But yet it feems it is not infallible, for in chap. 2. it is added, but I have feen' the turnips eaten down fometimes by the fly, after this method; and there⚫fore warn the farmer not to trust to it entirely.'

(71) Our Authors think, that as gardeners tread fome of their light garden feeds into the mould, fo the farmer fhould roll and prefs in his turnip-feeds; not perhaps recollecting the great difference there is between them. Such small, light, airy feeds as carrot, parfnip, letucefeed, &c. being with difficulty covered by the rake, without treading or hoing them in; but turnip-feed being a round, smooth, folid feed, that very easily rolls into the leaft cavity in the mould, is of courfe eafily covered.-And as to rolling and fqueezing the ground, as they exprefs it, upon the turnip-feed, after it is fown, which is recommended, and even urged, by our Authors, as of great confequence, it is one of the worft methods they could have thought on, unless the ground be very dry; and if they will not take our words for it, let them look once more into Tull, p. 81, 82.

(72) But Mr. Tull fays, that turnip feed will come up from a greater depth than most other forts of feeds.' So that it cannot be eafily buried by the harrow. This wooden roller would foon be uselefs, by the spaces between the pegs being choaked up with dirt; nor were it to go clean, would it anfwer any good purpose: and the bufh harrow is needlefs and trifling; for there is no danger of burying the feed, when the ground is tolerably fine, and when it is not, the bufh-hairow will not cover it.

The

The next dangerous things to turnips are weeds; of which, we are told, charlock is particularly mischievous. It fo very nearly resembles the turnip, that there have been inftances, it is faid, of weeders (73) taking up a whole crop of turnips, and leaving all the charlock. The proper weeders at this season are fheep, they will diftinguifh where the labourer cannot, and what is very fingular and happy for the farmer, they will, in this [early] period of their growth, prefer the weed to the crop. (74) Charlock differs from the turnip, we are informed, in the fize, colour, and divifions of the leaves (75). And when the turnip-field is over-run with this deftructive weed, we are affured, if a competent number of fheep be turned in, they will eat off all the charlock, which will never rife, it is faid, to any height again, and they will leave the turnips untouched.

Wood-afhes are also faid to be deftructive to the fly, when scattered over the ground juft after the turnips are come up..

Black caterpillars are likewife great enemies to turnips, and, we are told, that, in a dry feason, they may be deftroyed at once, by proper rolling; but in wet weather that inftrument cannot be ufed (76). This preffure of the roller, far from injuring the turnips, will make them root the better.' (77)

If the naked fnail, or flug, fhould be troublesome to the turnips, we are directed again to use the roller, if it be at a proper time of their growth; which will, it is faid, deftroy them alfo : but if the turnips are at fuch a growth, that the roller cannot be used, ducks may then be turned into them; they are fond of the flug, and they will do no harm to the turnips (78).

(73) Mr. Tull, from whom, we fuppofe, this was taken fays Hoers, not Weeders. Hufb. 8vo. p. 82.

(74) Happy, indeed, were it poffible to be true! But the danger of a millake is fo great, that we doubt this very fingular notion has never yet been ascertained by experience.

(75) But unless this difference had been particularly specified, it appears to us ufelefs; for even turnips vary from each other in these respects.

(76) Nor is there occafion for it in wet weather, for the caterpillar scarce ever comes but in dry feafons.

(77) The roller will do very little, if any, fervice, in destroying the black caterpillar; but it will be fure to injure the turnips, by hardening and binding the ground.

(78) Ducks may also be put to eat the black caterpillars.—But rolling will injure the turnips more than flugs, and will iqueeze and prefs the ground fo clofe, and the hot weather will afterwards bake it fo hard, that the farmers will fay, in their ufual phrafe, they cannot drive a tenpenny nail into it, particularly in fome foils.

When

When we began our review of this Body of Hufbandry, we intended to go through the whole, in the fame mariner in which we have hitherto proceeded; detecting, as we went along, fuch of its moft material errors as we chanced to meet with in our way; but we have found the labour increase upon us to so intolerable a degree, that, heartily tired of the undertaking, (as we believe many of our Readers may be alfo) we shall here bid adieu to this great work, and to its learned Authors:-to whofe serious confideration (and to that of all other Writers on Hufbandry) we leave the following inconteftible axiom.

Practice alone muft form the Writer's head,

And ev'ry Author to the Farm be bred.

Okey

Some Doubts occafioned by the Second Volume of an Estimate of the Manners and Principles of the Times. Humbly propofed to the Author or to the Public. 8vo. Is. Sandby.

T

HIS ingenious piece of irony ridicules the Estimate with an agreeable vivacity, and very pleasantly expofes the inanity of that pompous nothing.

Our Author's Introduction may serve as a specimen of his

manner.

It would be unpardonable rafhnefs,' fays he, to oppose pofitive affertions to a Writer, eminently distinguished by a "juft and extended difcernment of men and things, not only << as they exift, but as they unite, act or are acted on, as causes "and effects;" to a Writer who profeffes and manifefts a "fe"vere impartiality, (fee Eftim. vol. II. p. 23, 24,) which can "stand aloof, fuperior to all connections, a quality feldom "found; who has powers to draw the vaft political machine "towards his philofophic barque; (p. 28.) the great Portrait "Painter of the public, (p. 53.) whofe fancy is more delicate "and inventive than is fufpected;" the Cenfor (p. 81.) of his Majefty's dominions; who acts as the Provoft (p. 124.) of an army, as (p. 190.) Phyfician of liberty; as a Merchant, a General, an Admiral; (p. 125.) who hath taken upon him not only the talk of a parochial, but the more important and ⚫ arduous one of a national Preacher; that is, who is inftituted to a parish, and holds the nation in Commendam, by his own • authority.

For our account of this celebrated performance, see Review for April laft. • After

After this character of him, from fo undoubted an authority, as the declarations and intimations of his own book, what modest man will controvert any pofitions authorised by the • Writer of the Eftimate? Is not he one of those few who "dare descend (p. 17.) and penetrate to the foundations of po"litical happiness and ftability? one of those, (p. 18.) who "can find out the original caufe, why the political arch gives "way?"

The penetrating Machiavel (p. 22.) has fome vulgar errors; the incomparable Montefquieu (p. 183.) forms a fine fyftem, to the "completion of which he fometimes tortures "both argument and fact." Whereas this, their immortal fucceffor, (p. 36.) ever maintains an invariable regard for • truth; "will not (p. 263.) be intoxicated with the fumes of "literary vanity; and is above other moralifts, for he" (p. 83.) ⚫ writes to the world. They only "fkim (p. 120.) the furface "of political fpeculation." Their objects to him are (p. 138.) futile, and founded in a total ignorance of true politics and

• human nature.

In fhort, it is the strongest mark of dulnefs or iniquity, (p. 192.) to differ from this Gentleman, who fometimes differs ⚫ from Montefquieu, and with fuperior judgment corrects Ma'chiavel.

All this being literally true of him, for he hath committed it to writing himself, the Author of the following sheets, tho' ftupid enough, to imagine fome things in the Eftimate a little abfurd, others a little ridiculous; fome not perfectly clear, • others not perfectly true; yet was determined to acquiefce, rather than difpute any part of it, in the ufual forms of controverfy. But, confidering the uncommon candour diffused through that excellent work, it occurred, that poffibly the • humble method of objecting, in the way of Doubts, might not offend the Writer.

This is a clear and true account, why the prefent piece is intitled DOUBTS, which being stated, we next enter upon the Doubts themselves.'

We could wish, however, that this lively Writer had taken fome pains to refute the Eftimator's aflertions, as well as to ridicule his manner of dogmatizing; but he has, in fome sections, treated his fubject fo fuperficially, that after fetting out with great parade, he clofes without any reflection either folid or ftriking. Nevertheless the ease and mafterly spirit fo confpicuous in this pamphlet, manifeftly fhew the Author's capacity for greater atchievements.

R-d
Obfervations

1

Obfervations on the Intermitting Pulfe, as prognofticating, according to Dr. Solano, a critical Diarrhea.-Or as indicating the Ufe of Purging Remedies. By Daniel Cox, M. D. Member of the College of Phyficians, London. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Millar.

FTER fome introductory remarks, tending to evince.

A the importance and utility of his fubject, and giving fome

account of what other Writers have faid upon it, Dr. Cox proposes the general plan of his prefent undertaking; which is, firft, To give Solano's rules of prognoftication from the intermitting Pulfe, as laid down by Dr. Nihel.-2dly, To infert, from him, fome felect cafes of Diarrhæas prognofticated from this Pulfe by Solano, Himfelf, and others.3dly, To recite fome cafes, feven in number, which have occurred within his own practice, with a remarkable one communicated by a friend. And laftly, to add a few practical remarks on the whole. To each of thefe is appropriated a separate chaper.

As Solano's Rules of Prognoftication do not appear to be generally known, or at least to have been much attended to, we Hatter ourselves with being readily excused for extracting them from the performance now before us.

Rule 1. "The Intermitting Pulfe is a certain fign of a criti"cal Diarrhæa, and becomes a mortal one, then only, when "the ftrength requifite to perform the crifis fails t.

2. "The length of time fpent in the intermiffion, denotes "the quantity of matter which is to flow by the Diarrhæa, or "the number of ftools. An intermiffion of one Diastole, or "in which one Diaftole alone is miffing, points out a fsmall evacuation, or few ftools. That which takes up the space of two Diaftoles, fignifies an abundant evacuation, or many "ftools. And laftly, that which takes up the time of two "Diaftoles and an half, the longest intermiffion Solano has obferved, denotes very abundant evacuation, or a greater numis ber of ftools.

"As the various frequency of the pulfe in different persons, "and in the fame perfon at different times, allows fo fixed a "measure of interval between each Pulfation, it is to be pre

Among thefe is particularly mentioned Dr. Flemyng's Programma, in which the Solanian doctrine is attempted to be explained. A pretty large account of this work may be feen in the Review, vol. IX. page 286. Dr. Nihel obferves, that this propofition is too general.

"fumed,