"for Swine, or else Two Hundred of Butter, "and One Hundred of Skim Milk Cheese, be"fides Whey, as aforefaid, for Drink to the "People, and Food for Swine. "By this Account the Profit of a Cow's Milk "in a Year may be about Five Pounds: This "being vaftly different from Mr. Waller's, may "be communicated to him. 66 "You may not think it foreign to your Defign to peruse Sir William Petty's Political Ana"tomy of Ireland, from p. 51, to p. 57. Edit. 1719, "wherein you will fee more Particulars relating "to Husbandry; but this relating to Milk you "will find at p. 51, 52. I am, Sir, Your most bumble Servant, A. B. The Copy of a Letter to Mr. BRADLEY, from Mr. Waller. SIR, "UPO Pon the Receipt of your Letter, (with "one enclos'd, fign'd A. B.) I find that "my Letter to you concerning the Produce of "Cows is not approv'd, or at least not well un"derstood by all; the Gentleman who figns "A. B. has certainly stated a very proper Que"ftion, which I fhall answer in this Epiftle. "Sir William Petty's Calculation, from whence "he argues, was general and uncertain: When "he ftated the Cafe 'twas for a whole Kingdom, "and not for a private Farm, as mine is; he "means, every Cow in Ireland, one with ano"ther, may poffibly yield fo much Milk as "Mr. A. B. relates; but in a private Farm the Cafe is very different, and efpecially in Eng"land, where the Cows are generally of a larger "Strain than thofe in Ireland. In a private "Farm, well manag'd, every Cow that begins "to abate in her Milk, fhould be fent to Mar"ket, and another bought in her room: So "that in fuch a Farm as I fpeak of, there will "be near a conftant Quantity of Milk every "Day throughout the whole Year; and there"fore I reckon Three Gallons of Milk, Wine "Measure, from one Cow in one Day, which is "no extraordinary Proportion; or if I had faid "four Gallons of Milk, Wine Measure, from a "Cow in a Day, it would not amount to fo "much as is commonly expected from a Cow "in a Day by the Cow-herds about London, "from whom I learnt many Particulars in the "Cow Business, which I fhall, fome time or o"ther, give you an Account of. In the mean "time I fhall keep to my Defign of anfwering "Mr. A. B's Letter, as far as my prefent Lei"fure will permit. Where a Farmer has rich "Pafture for his Cows, and is fkilful enough "to keep only fuch as are young, changing "them as they decline in Milk, for others that "are deep in Milk; where fuch Care is taken, "I fay, 'tis not difficult to prove, that our Cows "will, one Day with another, yield Four Gal"lons Wine Measure, or more than Two full "Gallons Winchester Measure; and then a Herd "of Nine Cows will yield about 13140 Gallons "of Milk in a Year, which is 1460 Gallons "from "from each Cow, reckoning by Wine Mea"fure, or fomewhat more than half that Num"ber of Gallons, if we judge by Winchester "Measure. "Again, we must observe, that about London "the Wine Quart of Milk, if it is pure, fells "for Five Farthings half the Year, and the o"ther Six Months it is fold for Three-Half"Pence per Quart by the Retailers, where "Lands generally are from 40 to 50 s. or 3 l. per Acre: Thefe Prices, I own, exceed the "Prices in many Places in England, as I fhall "fhew you in another Letter, but as they are "now, a Cow's Milk in a Year, which is about "1460 Gallons Wine Meafure, will amount to . 33 l. 9 s. 2 d. which in Nine Cows comes to "301 l. 2 s. 6 d. per Annum. "But the Cow-herds Price for Milk is much "lefs, not exceeding 4 d. a Gallon for the Six "Summer Months, nor 5 d. in the Winter; and "their Measure is almoft double what the Re"tailers measure their Milk by: So that the "Farmer only gets about 10 d. each Day in "Milk from one Cow, according to the fore"going Calculation; and then, in a Year, a "Cow brings into the Farm 15 l. 4s. 2 d. And "Nine Cows at that Rate, 136 l. 17 s. 6 d. by 66 taking only a Medium-Quantity of Milk from "each Cow, i. e. about Two Gallons Winchester "Measure per Diem, at little more than a Penny "the great Quart; or by the Wine Measure, not "exceeding Four Gallons per Diem, at about a "Half-penny per Quart, which is much the fame. "But be affur'd, that where the Cows in such "a Dairy are regularly chang'd in the Markets પ when their Milk begins to fail, the Quantity "of Milk is about double as much as I have "fer 4 I fet down; which every one may eafily guefs, "that knows what Quantities of Milk every deep"milch'd Cow will give at a Meal, and in this "Cafe every Cow is in full Milk. But how"ever, let the Reckoning stand as it does, that "Nine Cows, to the Farmer, brings in a Year, "by Milk only, 136 l. 17 s. 6 d. the Food for thefe Nine Cows fhould not be allow'd more "than 1 s. 6 d. per Week each Cow in the Sum"mer, if we even rent the Grafs at the London "Rate; or in Winter (that I may come nearer "Mr. A. B's Account) 2 s. per Week for each "Cow's Provender is full enough. Let us fee "then what the Amount will be for keeping "the Cows, and then balance the Account; "for in one of my former Letters to you, where "I mention'd Cows, I ftated the Keeping of "one Cow the Year about, at 1 s. 6 d. per Week, "and even that Rate with us is too much. "The Farmer's Account for Milk from Nine "Cows, as I have rated the Milk, and the Feed "of the Cows, will ftand thus: "To Six Months Grafs for "Nine Cows, at I s. 6 d. each ( "Cow per Week, being Twenty "Six Weeks 66 Expence for keeping Nine "Expence for Feeding 40 "Receiv'd "Receiv'd for 13140 Gal"lons of Milk, Wine Measure, "befides other Profits, when 1. s. d. “the Milkers have done, the136 17 06 "Money for Nine Cows Milk "in one Year, as before related "Receiv'd by Milk 136 17 06 66 Expence for Feeding "the Cows 40 19 00 .. Neat Profit by "Total Nine Cows in Milk for one Year 95 18 об "By this Account we may fee that the Farm"er may get 95 l. 18 s. 6 d. only by the in"different Rate of Milk; and this Rate (if "there were no other Advantages in keeping "Cows) would amount to 10%. 13 s. 2 d. each “Cow per Annum, which is above as much again as Sir William Petty judges may be the Produce of a Cow in Ireland; but remember, I fay, he calculates for all the Cows in a Na“tion, and therefore his Computation can be no "ways agreeable to private Farming; for where fhall all the Cows of a Nation be chang'd, when they are low in Milk, for others that "are fresh or deep in Milk? The Cows of all "Ireland, which, one with another, are fet, for "the firft Ninety Days, to yield Three Gallons "each; the next Ninety Days fcarce One Gal"lon; the next Ninety Days fcarce one Quarter of a Gallon, and Ninety Days more are dry, I think is a good Calculation in general for Ireland, where the Cows are smaller than "ours: & |