Even single points of the history of medicine were more accurately investigated, the history of diseases and of their treatment ascertained, and the fathers of physic re-edited. Schaufus promulgated a profound hypothesis on the origin of syphilis among the Hindoos; and C. G. Gruner described the progress of the sweating fever in the 15th and 16th centuries. † Gruner's son shewed, as J. Barker had done 60 years before him, the coincidence of the medicine of the ancients and of the moderns. A similar title, § given to another work, is deceitful. Quercetanus also formerly wrote De Priscorum Philosophorum Verae Medicinae Materia; and Tachenius published a Hippocrates Chymicus. And. Ign. Wanruch again recommended the study of the ancients, || and published a learned inquiry on the antiquities of Typhus. W. Falconer compared the nervous fever with the Morbus Cardiacus of the ancients. ** Ant. Jos. Testa illustrated the latter disease, as also an obscure passage in Aretaus. E. Wichelhausen described and recommended the baths of the ancient Romans. ‡‡ D. P. Assalini and J. Eyerel translated the classical description of the Athenian plague during the Peloponnesian war. § G. F. J. Nöldeke gave a masterly translation of the beginning of Galen's most celebrated work. On the other hand, A. H. Hinze was unsuccessful in his attempt to translate the aphorisms of Hippocrates. ¶¶ The medical passages in Cicero were merely collected without illustration by A. M. Birkholz. *** An excellent critical edition of Rufus of Ephesus was published by C. F. Matthäi of Moscow; but J. F. Pierer reprinted Foë's translation of Hippocrates without any commentary. ttt Neueste Entdeckungen über das Vaterland und die Verbreitung der Pocken u. der Lustseuche. Leipz. 1805. 8. tItinerarium sudoris anglici ex actis designatum. Jen. 1805. 8. Concordia medicinae veteris et novae vindicata. Jen. 1806. 8. 7. N. Ringseis de doctrina Hippocratica et Browniana inter se consentiente et se mutuo explente tentamen. Norib. 1812. 8. De priscorum Graeciae ac Latii medicorum studio restaurando. Viennae, 1808. 4. Antiquitates typhi contagiosi. Bas. 1812. 4. **Memoirs of the Med. Soc. of Lond. Vol. VI. p. 1. ++ Delle malattie del cuore, Vol. I.—III. 1811. Ueber die Bäder des Alterthums. Mannh. 1807. 8. Thucydides von der Pest in Athen. Aus dem Griechischen. Wien, 1810. 8. Galen vom Nutzen der Theile des menschl. Körpers. Aus dem Griechischen. Oldenburg, 1805. ¶¶ Proben einer Uebersetzung der Aphorismen des Hippokrates. Stendal, 1807.8. *** Cicero medicus. Leipz. 1806. 8. ttt Bibliotheca iatrica, Vol. I.-III. Altenb. 1806. 8. The antiquities of Materia Medica were investigated by Kurt Sprengel in his history of botany, and by J. Stackhouse in his last edition of Theophrastus; † and S. Hahnemann published a profound inquiry into the Hellebore of the ancients and its employment. ‡ Very recently we were unexpectedly gratified by an inquiry into the history of medicine in Russia. Medical bibliography has been enriched with some valuable works. Those of K. F. Burdach || and J. S. Ersch¶ are unquestionably the most complete. But the former has diminished the utility of his work by the want of an index, and the latter confines himself exclusively to the works published in Germany during the last half century. The publications of J. Mayer and C. F. Ludwig ++ cannot bear a comparison with either of these in any respect. On the contrary, Ploucquet's great work in its last form ‡‡ has become exceedingly useful. But K. A. Kortum has published a very insignificant production. §§ Among the periodical publications, embracing medicine in general, Hecker's Journal of Discoveries acquired celebrity, and even consideration, by controverting boldly, but often arrogantly, the opinions of the day. It was continued in this manner until the 20th Number of what was called the New Journal in 1809; then some anonymous young men at Leipzig followed Hecker's example, and gave, in the "Newest Journal of Discoveries," some useful enough views: But the old nervous opposition no longer existed, and it lost its attraction for the public. The Salzburgh Medical Journal continues to be of great importance, on account of its early notices, and full extracts from medical works. But since Hartenkeil's death, (7th January 1808,) its affected style, unfortunately common in the south of Germany, its fondness for new, high sounding, metaphorical expressions, and sometimes its want of knowledge and judgment, are no recommendations. The Altenburgh "Annals of Medicine," published by Historia rei herbarize, Vol. I. II. Amsterd. 1807, 1808. 8. Wilh. Mich. Richter's Geschichte der Medecin in Russland. Mosc. 1813. 8. Die Literatur der Heilwissenschaft, B. 1, 2. Gotha, 1810, 1811. 8. Repertorium der gesammten Medicin. Literatur. B. 1, 2. Berl. 1809. 8. tt Einleitung in die Bücherkunde der praktischen Medicin. Leipz. 1806. 8. Literatura medica digesta. Vol. I.-IV. Tubing. 1808. 4. Skizze einer Zeit-und-Literär-Geschichte der Arzneykunst. 1809. 8. Unna. Pierer, might almost be dispensed with, as they seldom contain any thing not to be found in other works. Hecker published before his death (1811) three volumes of the "General Annals of Medicine," which were intended as a substitute for the Journal of Discoveries; but alas, "Nihil est, quod senio non exolescat," Petrarch.-C. W. Hufeland's Journal, even up to the last or 39th volume, continues to be universally acknowledged as valuable, not only to the practical physician, but in every department of medicine. The same praise may be given to Reil's and Autenrieth's archives of physiology, (ten volumes,) and Horn's archives of practical medicine. Harle's very useful Journal of Foreign Medical Literature, which was afterwards published under the title of Annals of English Medicine and Surgery, was succeeded by his Annals of German Medicine and Surgery, with an addition of the newest and best foreign literature. The Medical Annals of the Austrian States (Vol. I. and II. Vienna, 1813, 1814) have begun excellently. F. W. J. Schelling's Annals of Medicine as a science, of which A. F. Marcus published the third volume alone, at first contained many valuable papers, but the last editor, on account of his incredible partiality and prejudices, could not give general interest to it, any more than to his Ephemerides of the healing art. K. Wolfart, the publisher of Asklepeion, rivals Marcus in partiality, and surpasses him in want of solid knowledge. Among the French periodical publications, and general literary works upon medical subjects, the Dictionnaire des Sciences Medicales, published by a society of the most esteemed physicians, maintains the first rank. The others are chiefly practical Journals; the two best are those published by Corvisart* and by Sedillot. The Society of Emulation at Paris also published periodically; likewise the Medical Society at Montpellier. § For foreign literature, the French had during this period three journals in the Bibliotheque Medicale; in Kluysken's of Ghent's Annales de literature medicale etrangère; and in Gallot's Nouvelle bibliotheque Germanique de médicine. In Great Britain, the excellent old London Medical Journal, Duncan's Annals of Medicine, and the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal, were continued. Bradley's Physical and Medical Journal also contains a rich store of observations, as well * Journal de Médecine et Chirurgie. etc. + Journal Général de la Société de Médecine à Paris, ou Recueil périodique, Mémoires de la Société Médicale d'Emulation. Annales de la Société de Médecine pratique à Montpellier. as the Transactions of a society for the improvement of medical and chirurgical knowledge; and since the beginning of the year 1814, the London Medical, Surgical, and Pharmaceutical Repository, by Burrows, Royston, Thomson, and Kerrison. In North America, Smith Barton published an important periodical work. Equally valuable is that edited by Millar and Mitchell; but a third, by Redman Coxe, ‡ is insignificant. Among the Italian medical periodical publications, the best are those of Tommasini § and Brera; the Efemeridi chimicomediche of Milan, the Memorie della società medica di emulazione of Genoa, the Memorie della società medica of Bologna; and lastly, though in a less degree, the Giornale medico-chirurgico of Flajani, are also valuable for the observations they con tain. In Holland, Stipriaan Luiscius, Ontyd, and Macquelyne, published the Geneeskondig Magazin. From the north of Europe the only work of this kind we have seen is Gadolin's ärs berättelse om Svenska läkare sällskapetsarbeten. Stockh. 1810. II. Anatomy and Physiology. Many obscure circumstances, in regard to the structure and functions of the human body, were most advantageously explained by the light which Bichat had formerly thrown upon these sciences. His principles had the most direct influence upon the method of treating them, and hence all the elementary books of this period have an advantage over preceding works, with the exception only of Sömmerring's Manual. F. K. Hesselbach published a very useful guide to the art of dissection.¶ A short and judicious view of all parts of anatomy, of syndesmology, connected with osteology, was published by K. L. M. Langenweck.** Jos. Oechy, ++ and J. C. Loder, ‡‡ had precisely the same object in view, but we know nothing of the prosecution of their undertakings. J. C. Rosenmüller's Manual of Anatomy, 8vo, Leipzig, 1808, is one of the most concise and use *The Philadelphia Medical and Physical Journal. The Medical Repository. The Philadelphia Medical Museum. Giornale della Società Medico-chirurgica di Parma. ¶ Vollständige Anleitung zur Zergliederungskunde des menschlichen Körpers. Arnstadt, 1805-1810 4. Th. 1, 2. ** Anatom. Handbuch. Gött. 1806. 8. ++ Bau des Menschenkörpers. Th. 1. Prag, 1805. 8. Grundriss der Anatomie des menschlichen Körpers. Jena, 1806. ful. The most extensive work, but not the best adapted to its In France, J. P. Maygrier produced a useful manual, § and an excellent one was published in Italy by Ant. Catelacci. A masterpiece, as a Manual of Anatomy, appeared in Scotland from Alexander Monro tertius, ¶ of which the third volume is chiefly occupied with engravings of objects of pathological anatomy. The very celebrated delineations of the parts of the human body, which were published by S. Th. Sömmerring and J. C. Rosenmüller, redound especially to the praise of our native country. Incomparable accuracy of dissection, justness of representation, and fineness of engraving, distinguish Sömmerring's plates of the organs of the senses;** Rosenmiller's have the recommendation of practical utility, as they di-play the natural situation of parts according to various sectious. †† Of foreign works of this kind, we only know Saunders's masterly views of the human ear. ‡‡ Comparative anatomy, which is universally acknowledged to be of the greatest assistance to the right understanding of the structure and nature of the human body, has been cultivated with distinguished success in Germany, France, and England. As the principal works of this kind, we can have no hesitation in citing Cuvier's lectures, especially as edited by Froriep and Meckel tertius, in four volumes, 8vo, at Leipzig, 1808, 1810; and Sir Ev. Home's last work. §§ Tiedemann's Zoology also deserves particular praise, on account of the excellent anatomy of animals, especially birds, and the applications to human anatomy and * Grundbegriffe vom Körperbau des Menschen. Th. 1-5. Wien, 1808. Grundlinien der Zergliederungskunde des Menschenkörpers. Th. 1, 2. Prag, 1811, 1812. 8. Geschichte und Beschreibung der Knochen des menschlichen Körpers Zweyte Auflage. Gött. 1807. 8. Manuel de l'anatomiste. Paris, 1807. Fondamenti anatomici. Pisa, 1805. 8. Outlines of the Anatomy of the Human Body, Vol. I.-III. Edinb. 1818. ** Abbildungen der menschlichen Hörorgane. Frkf. 1806. fol. Abbildungen der menschlichen Geschmacks-und Sprachorgane. Frkf. 1808. fol. bildungen der menschl. Organe des Geruchs. Frkf. 1809. fol. Ab 1 tt Chirurgisch-anatomische Abhandlungen für Aerzte und Wundärzte. B. 1 Weimar, 1805-1812. fol. -3. Anatomy of the Human Ear, with engravings. Lond. 1806. fol. |