turns to Rome, and receives the honour of a

triumph,

161

ARTICLE II.

SECT. I. Ptolomæus Auletes had been placed

upon the throne of Egypt in the room of Alex-

ander. He is tiled the friend and ally of

the Roman people, by the credit of Cæfar and

Pompey, which he purchased at a very great

price. In confequence be loads his fubjects with

impofts. He is expelled the throne. The

Alexandrians make his daughter Berenice queen.

He goes to Rome, and by money obtains the

voices of the beads of the republick for his

re-establishment. He is oppofed by an oracle

of the Sibyl's; notwithstanding which, Gabi-

nius fets him upon the throne by force of arms,

where be remains till his death. The famous

Cleopatra, and her brother very young, fucceed

bim,

II. Pothinus and Achillas, minifters of the young

king, expel Cleopatra. She raises troops to re-

eftablish berfelf. Pompey, after having been

overthrown at Pharfalia retires into Egypt. He

is affaffinated there. Cafar, who pursued him,

arrives at Alexandria, where he is informed

of his death, which he seems to lament. He en-

deavours to reconcile the brother and fifter, and

for that purpose fends for Cleopatra, of whom he

immediately becomes enamoured. Great commotions

arife at Alexandria, and several battles are fought

between the Egyptians and Cæfar's troops, wherein

the latter have almost always the advantage.

The king, having been drowned in flying after a

battle all Egypt fubmits to Cafar. He fets

190

Cleopatra,

Cleopatra, with her youngest brother, upon the

throne, and returns to Rome,
205

SECT. III. Cleopatra caufes her young brother

to be put to death, and reigns alone. The death of

Julius Cæfar, having made way for the Triumvi-

rate formed between Antony, Lepidus, and young

Cafar, called alfo Octavius, Cleopatra declares

herself for the Triumvirs. She goes to Antony

at Tarfus, gets an abfolute afcendant over him,

and brings him with her to Alexandria. Anto-

ny goes to Rome, where he espouses Octavia.

He abandons himself again to Cleopatra, and

after fome expeditions returns to Alexandria,

which he enters in triumph. He there celebrates

the coronation of Cleopatra and her children.

Open rupture between Cæfar and Antony. The

latter repudiates Octavia. The two fleets put

to fea. Cleopatra determines to follow Antony.

Battle of Altium. Cleopatra flies, and draws

Antony after her. Cafar's victory is compleat.

He advances fome time after against Alexandria,

which makes no long refiftance. Tragical death

of Antony and Cleopatra. Egypt is reduced

into a province of the Roman empire,

Conclufion of the antient history,

222

259

BOOK XXII,

INTRODUCTION.

How ufeful the invention of arts and Sciences has

been to mankind. It ought to be attributed to

God,

264

CHAP.

CHAPTER I.

OF AGRICULTURE.

ARTICLE I.

Antiquity of agriculture. Its utility. The esteem

it was in amongst the antients. How important

it is to place it in bonour, and how dangerous

to neglect application to it,

ARTICLE II.

273

Of tillage. Countries famous amongst the antients

for abounding with corn,

ARTICLE III.

287

SECT. I. Cultivation of the vine. Wines ee-

lebrated in Greece and Italy,

II. Produce of the vines in Italy in Columella's

291

ARTICLE I.

Excellency and advantages of Commerce,

ARTICLE II.

317

Antiquity of commerce. Countries and cities most

famed for it,

320

1. Gold found in rivers,

ibid.

3. Gold found in mountains,

IV. Silver-mines,

2. Gold found in the bowels of the earth, 339

Electrum..

V. Product of gold and filver-mines, one of the

principal fources of the riches of the antients,

341

348

349

[1]

THE TWENTIETH BOOK.

CONCLUSION

OF THE

History of SYRACUSE.

T

HIS twentieth book contains the conclufion of the hiftory of Syracufe. It may be divided into three parts. The firft includes the long reign of Hiero II. The fecond, the fhort reign of his grandfon Hieronymus, and the troubles of Syracuse confequential of it; with the fiege and taking of that city by Marcellus. The third is an exact abridgment of the hiftory of Syracufe, with some reflections upon the government and character of the Syracufans, and upon Archimedes.

VOL. X.

B

ARTI