J. Collinge, of Lambeth, for an improvement on hinges.Nov. 22nd. H. R. Palmer, of Hackney, for improvements in the construction of rail-ways and tram-roads, and of the carriage or carriages to be used thereon.-Nov. 22nd. T. Parkin, of Skinner-street, for an improvement or improvements in printing.-Nov. 24th. W. Baylis, jun. of Painswick, Gloucestershire; for a machine for washing and cleaning clothes. -November 27th. T. Motley, of the Strand; for certain improvements in the construction of candlesticks or lamps, and in candles to be burnt therein. November 27th. R. Bill, of Newman-street; for an improvement in the construction of certain descriptions of boats and barges. December 5th. C. Broderip, of London, esq.; for various improvements in the construction of steam-engines. December 5th. H. Ricketts, of Bristol; for an improvement in the art or method of making or manufacturing glass bottles, such as are used for wine, porter, beer, or cyder. December 5th. W. Warcup, of Dartford; for certain improvements upon a machine for washing linen cloths, cotton cloths, or woollen cloths, whether in the shape of piece goods, or of any article made up of linen cloth, cotton cloth, or woollen cloth.-December 10th. W. Horrocks, of Portwoodwithin-Binnington; for an improvement in the construction of looms for the weaving of cotton or linen cloth by power, commonly called power-looms.-December 14th. J. Winter, of Stoke-underHamdon; for certain improvements in a machine for sewing and pointing leather gloves with neatness-December 19th. S. Brierly, of Salford; for an improved method of preparing raw silk, and cleansing the same, for the purpose of dying and manufacturing.-December 19th. J. Gladstone, of Castle Douglas; for an improvement or improvements in the construction of steam-vessels, and mode of propelling such vessels, by the ap plication of steam or other powers. December 20th. J. Griffith, of Brompton-Crescent, Middlesex; for improvements in steam-carriages; which steam-carriages are capable of transporting merchandize of all kinds, as well as passengers, upon common roads, without the aid of horses. December 20th. P. Erard, of Great Marlborough-street; for improvements on piano-fortes, and other keyed musical instruments. Communicated to him by a foreigner.December 22nd. G. Linton, of Gloucesterstreet; for a method of impelling machinery without the aid of steam, water, wind, air, or fire.-December 22nd. ANTIQUITIES, FINE ARTS, AND MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE STATE TATE of the English Newspaper-Press.-An Account of all the Weekly Newspapers published in London on Saturdays and Sundays, and also of those Sunday prints of which there is a Monday edition, laid before parliament some weeks ago, contains the names of forty-two journals; of these, however, several had perished between 1817 and 1820, the years embraced in the record: the remaining number consequently stands at thirty-two; but several have originated in the year 1821, not comprised in this list, which would carry the number to within four or five of the first total. Of these, twenty-two have taken from the Stamp-office within the year, above three millions and a quarter of stamps, the lowest number being 825, the highest, 992,500. The other journals enumerated, probably purchase their stamps from their stationers, and therefore the Stamp-office could furnish no clue to their demand. It is not within our limits to name all the journals to which the foregoing epitome applies; suffice it to mention those of the largest sale:-Bell's Weekly Dispatch, the Englishman (the highest Sunday), the Examiner, the Guardian, and the Literary Gazette (the highest Saturday), are at between yearly 130,000 and 200,000; the County Herald above 200,000; Bell's Weekly Messenger, and the News, above 500,000; and the Observer, above 900,000. The three latter, as well as the Examiner, publish on two days, the Sunday and Monday (which makes the distinction in the Englishman and Literary Gazette above parenthetically noticed), as do many others of what are called Sunday Newspapers. It is observable, from the return, that, in several instances, there has been considerable fluc tuation in the sale of certain journals. The best-established do not vary much; others exhibit a certain and rapid decline: one, the Observer, nearly doubled in 1820. The most violent of the Opposition Press, stand higher in 1819 than in 1820; and, in general, it appears, that the papers less decidedly of a party character, have increased; while those of a contrary cast, have diminished. We do not, however, pretend to be acquainted with all these; but the Champion, which, in 1817, consumed 64,100 of stamps, in 1820, takes only, 36,934. Cobbett's Register disappears from the list; Duckett's Dispatch drops from a duty of 300l. to 21. 5s. 6d.; the Englishman decreases from 199,525 to 173,800; the Examiner differs from 205,000 to 194,500; the Independent Whig, from 50,405 to 4,694; and Wooller's Gazette from 101,415 in 1819, to 77,850 in the following year. On the other hand, more neutral journals seem to have risen:-Bell's Dispatch, in four years, from 75,350 to 132,000; Bell's Messenger, from 573,150 to 607,650; the Observer, what we have already noticed; and the minor papers in like ratios. All the periodicals above mentioned are produced on the Saturday, Sunday, and Monday; but there is another class of considerable importance published in the metropolis, which does not come under the designation of the daily press. There are at least five papers (British Mercury, Christian Reporter, Philanthropic Gazette, Military Gazette, and Moderator) peculiar to Wednesday; one, the Farmer's Journal, claims Monday; another, the Law Chronicle, belongs to Thursday; the Hue and Cry, or Police Gazette, is seen every third week; and the Literary Advertiser on the 10th of every month. On the evenings of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, the Evening Mail, London Packet, and London Chronicle; and on Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday, the General Evening Post, Commercial Chronicle, English Chronicle, and St. James's Chronicle, which are all called "thrice-a-week papers," are promulgated, and, though not much read in London, have most of them, a respectable country circulation. In town, the population wants its food of news daily (almost hourly); in the provinces many are contented to be instructed on alternate days. Then there is the Courier de VOL. LXIII. Londres every Tuesday and Friday; and, though last not least of this class, the London Gazette, by authority, every Tuesday and Saturday. Taking the average of the sale of these 18 papers at 1,000, their thirty-four impressionswill amount to 34,000 weekly, to be added to the first order, or about 14 mil. lions in the course of the year. The third and best known class of London newspapers, consists of the daily morning and evening publications: the former comprehending eight-the British Press, Morning Advertiser, Morning Chronicle, Morning Herald, Morning Post, New Times, Public Ledger, and Times. The latter, seven-namely, the Courier, Globe, Star, Sun, Statesman, Traveller, and True Briton. The eight morning papers have a daily sale (we speak very near the mark) of from 18,000 to 20,000: the seven evening papers amount probably to from 12,000 to 14,000. We will take the two united at a little more than 32,000 per diem, which makes an addition to the preceding weekly sale of newspapers of 200,000, and to the yearly total of about ten millions and a half. The consumption of news-papers published in London alone, therefore, will on these data amount annually toOf Saturday, and Sunday (with Monday editions) papers Of other weekly, twice and thrice a-week papers And of daily papers 3,250,000 1,750,000 10,500,000 price of this article, which, from its demand, may well be reckoned among the necessaries of life, at the revenue it produces, without the trouble even of collection, at the multitude of persons to whom it affords employment, at the quantity it uses of manufactures and mechanism, paper, type, presses, &c. &c. at its various ramifications as a source of industry and property in rents, insurances, buildings, news-venders, postages, conveyances, and above all, at its commercial, scientific, social, political, and moral influence, it will stand forward to the contemplation as one of the most extraordinary objects even of this extraordinary age. But what we have yet considered is only a part of the whole; there are still an infinitely greater number of provincial newspapers to be added to the list. There is hardly a town of any size in the kingdom which has not its journal. Glancing at the Newsman's list (published by Newton, of Warwick-square), we observe, that Birmingham has four, Bristol five, Bath four, Brighton three, Cambridgetwo, Canterbury three, Carlisle two, Chelmsford two, Ghester three, Coventry two, Durham two, Exeter four, Gloucester two, Hull three, Ipswich two, Leeds three, Liverpool six, Leicester two, Manchester seven, Maidstone two, Newcastle three, Norwich two, Nottingham, two, Oxford two, Preston two, Plymouth three, Sheffield three, Sherborne two, Stamford two, Whitehaven two, Wor'cester two, and York three. And this list (we have not minuted places where papers are published once a week) by no means includes all the country journals published. In England and Wales however, it extends its enumeration to one hundred and thirtythree, all of which are weekly, except the two belonging to Canterbury, which appear twice a week. The Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey, produce each two weekly journals. Scotland has thirty-one in the list, to which Aberdeen contributes two, Air two, Dumfries two, Dundee two, Edinburgh nine, Glasgow four, Inverness two, Kelso two, and Montrose two. Of these, three Edinburghs are published thrice a week, and three twice; two Glasgow's thrice a week, and one twice; Greenock twice a week, and one of the Kelso's twice a week; raising the whole to forty-seven within that period. Ireland is enumerated up to fifty-six, whereof Belfast has four, Cork four, Clonmell two, Dublin sixteen, Ennis two, Galway three, Kilkenny two, Limerick four, Tralee two, and Waterford two. Among these, four of the Dublin are daily, and there are others thrice ard twice a week, to make the to `al weekly, one hundred and twenty-six publications. The summa is-weekly. Total 47 126 - 314 And to the honour of these be it stated, that not one of them is published on the Sabbathday, which practice is confined to London alone. Many of the country newspapers have a very great sale, so that we should not probably far exceed the truth if we averaged them at 2,000. The result would be above 620,000 weekly, or 36 millions and a half annually, to be added to the mass of the metropolis, and augment ing the grand total to ahove fifty millions of sheets within the year. the accommodation of pupils from a distance, a boarding school has lately been opened in the vicinity of the Institute. The Normal school, at Florence, in the first year, had 379 pupils, 19 of whom were adults: of this number, 98, at the end of eleven months, had risen to the eighth class, and soon after left the school. It has been remarked of these pupils, that they carried with them babits of order, industry, obedience, acquired in the school, into their families, or the manufactories wherein they were placed. At Florence there are two schools; at Sienna, one; at Pisa, one; at Pistoia, one; at Montevarchi, one; at Stia, one; at Caviglia, one; at Gaiola, one; at Pereta, two; at Limita, one; and one at Montalaino,-founded and maintained at the charge of the bishop. New schools are in a course of preparation at Florence, St. Cassano, Santa Maria, Monte Pescia, S. Crose, Fusecinio, and Leghorn. Four Normal schools, on the plan of that at Florence, have been constructed within the papal territories, by the liberality of enlightened citizens; a measure which will tend to remove prejudices, and diffuse knowledge through the rest of Italy. The duchess of Parma has founded and maintains four schools. In Lombardy, also, 5,000 learners were lately counted in different Normal schools. Education in Italy.-The Lancasterian system has been introduced into many of the principal cities and towns of the Italian Peninsula, such as Naples, Milan, Brescia, Valenza on the Po, Rivoli, &c. and schools on this plan are now actually establishing at both Genoa and Rome. The Abbé Cesola and M. Caupin have employed themselves in forming similar ones in the city and environs of Nice. Nor has this method of instruction met with less encouragement at Florence, in which city is the "Florentine Institution," a very remarkable establishment, being, in fact, a combination of several schools. It is under the immediate patronage of the government, and is superintended by Zuccagni Orlandini, the first projector of the plan. He is assisted by Boreini, Pierrotini, and Giuliani, young men who zealously co-operate with him in a design so patriotic, and tending so greatly to ameliorate the condition of their fellow citizens. This Institution does not confine its instructions to the mere elements of reading and writing; for, in addition to the preparatory school, there are teachers for elegant penmanship, arithmetic, drawing, geography, and profane and literary history. The pupils are likewise taught universal grammar, and its ap- one or more schools was plication to their own idiom. In 1817 They learn French, and are ini- In 1820 tiated into the higher departments of literature, and into physics and natural history. For State of Education in France.The number of communes having Increase in 1820...... Total No. of schools in 1817 17,800 24,124 6,324 20,200 |