CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

GENERAL VIEW OF THE NATURAL FEATURES OF AFRICA

Introductory Observations-Its Situation on the Globe-Extensive De

serts-Mountains and Rivers-Vegetable Life-Animal Life-Social

Aspect-Striking Contrasts which it presents

Page 13

..............

CHAPTER II.

KNOWLEDGE OF AFRICA AMONG THE ANCIENTS.

Northern Africa well known-Obstacles opposed by the Desert-De-

scription given by Herodotus-by Diodorus-by Strabo-Ancient Ac

counts of the Nile-of Ethiopia-of Abyssinia-Expedition sent by

Necho-Journey of the Nasamones-Voyage of Sataspes-of Hanno

Voyages of Eudoxus-Periplus of the Erythrean Sea

22

............

CHAPTER III.

SETTLEMENTS OF THE ARABS.

Their Influence on this Continent-Migration into Central Africa-

Ghana-Tocrur-Kuku-Wangara-Ulil-Eastern Africa-Travels of

Ibn Batuta-Description by Leo Africanus

........ 40

CHAPTER IV.

PORTUGUESE DISCOVERIES.

Rise of the Spirit of Discovery-Voyages along the Western Coast-The

Senegal-Prince Bemoy-Discovery of the Congo-Numerous Mis-

sionaries sent out-Superstitions of the Natives...

..47

CHAPTER V.

EARLY ENGLISH DISCOVERIES.

Decline of Portuguese maritime Power-Company formed in England to

explore the Gambia-Richard Thompson-His Death-Jobson's Voy.

age up the Gambia-Manners of the Native Africans-Vermuyden-

Stibbs

57

CHAPTER VI.

FRENCH DISCOVERIES.

French Settlement on the Senegal-Jannequin's Voyage-Voyages of

Brue up the Senegal-Bambouk; Gold Mines-Saugnier-Gum

trade.....

6"

CHAPTER VII.

EARLY PROCEEDINGS OF THE AFRICAN ASSOCIATON.

Ledyard-Lucas-Information respecting the Interior-Houghton-His

Death...

CHAPTER VIII.

PARK'S FIRST JOURNEY.

77

Park undertakes to explore Africa-Departure-Ill Treatment at Bon-

dou and Joag-Kooniakary-Captivity among the Moors-Escape

-The Niger-Sego-Sansanding-Silla-Obliged to return-Various

Misfortunes-Distressed State-Finds Relief at Kamalia-Arrival in

England..

83

CHAPTER IX.

PARK'S SECOND JOURNEY.

Views under which he was sent out-Departure-Overtaken by the

Rainy Season-Great Sickness and Distress-Embarks on the Niger-

Negotiations with the King of Bambarra-Obtains Permission to build

a Vessel-Sansanding-Sets sail-Accounts of his Death........

100

CHAPTER X.

VARIOUS TRAVELLERS.

Horneman-Nicholls-Roentgen-Adams-Riley

108

CHAPTER XI.

GOVERNMENT EXPEDITIONS.

Great Expedition planned under Tuckey and Peddie-Captain Tuckey

reaches the Congo-Difficulties encountered-Great Sickness-Disas

trous Issue-Major Peddie arrives at Kakundy-His Death-Captain

Campbell advances into the Foulah Territory-Obliged to return-His

Death-Gray-Laing-Ritchie and Lyon-Death of Ritchie...... 121

CHAPTER XII.

DENHAM AND CLAPPERTON.

Arrangements with the Court of Tripoli- The Travellers arrive there-

Journey to Mourzouk-Difficulties-Agreement with Boo Khalloom-

Departure-The Desert--Tibboos and Tuaricks-Arrive at the Lake

Tchad-The Yeou-Kouka-Visit to the Sheik-The Sultan-Descrip-

tion of Bornou-Denham's Excursion to Mandara-Great Range of

Mountains-Disastrous Expedition-War against the Mungas-Ex-

cursion to Loggun-Expedition against the La Salas-Biddoomahs-

Clapperton's Journey into Houssa- Appearance of that Country-

Kano-Sackatoo-Sultan Bello-Return of the Travellers........ 126

CHAPTER XIII.

CLAPPERTON'S SECOND JOURNEY, &c.

Objects of this Journey-Departure from Badagry-Death of Pearce and

of Morrison-Kingdom of Yarriba-Eyeo-Kiama-Wawa-Boussa-

Particulars respecting Park-Nyffee-Koolfu-Zaria-Kano-Siege of

Coonia-Violent Conduct of Sultan Bello-Sickness and Death of

Clapperton at Sackatoo-His Servant Lander returns, partly by a

new Route-Laing's Expedition-He reaches Timbuctoo-Assassi-

nated-Caillié undertakes a Journey-Reaches Jenne-Timbuctoo-

Aroan-The Desert-Arrival at Tangier...

........ 176

CHAPTER XIV.

WESTERN AFRICA.

General View of this Coast-Dahomey; Norris and M'Leod-Foota

Jallo; Watt and Winterbottom-Ashantee; Embassies of Bowdich

and Dupuis; War-Adams' Account of Benin and Waree......

....... 197

CHAPTER XV.

SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AFRICA.

The Cape-Settlement of the Dutch-Kolben-Hope, Sparrman, Le Vail-

lant-Barrow; Caffres; Bosjesmans-Trutter and Sommerville-Dr.

Cowan and his Party-Their Assassination-Lichtenstein-Campbell's

(the Missionary) First and Second Journeys-Burchell-Thompson-
Invasion of the Mantatees-Zoolas....

207

CHAPTER XVI.

SOCIAL CONDITION OF AFRICA.

Distinction between Native and Foreign Tribes-Natives-Agriculture

-Manufactures-Trade-Domestic Accommodations-Intellectual

Character-Superstitions-War and Slavery-Some amiable Fea-

tures-Forms of Government-Foreign Races-Mohammedan Con-

verts-European Colonization-Cape of Good Hope-Albany District
Sierra Leone

227

CHAPTER XVII.

GEOLOGY OF AFRICA.

Form and Situation of Africa-Its great Natural Regions or Divisions.-

1. Geology of the Atlas or Northern Region-Age of the Atlas Moun-

tains.-2. Geology of the Sahara Region-Subterranean Villages near

Tripoli; in Spain and France-Tertiary Rocks of Benioleed-Soudan

or Black Mountains-Petrified Wood in the Desert-Horrid Conse-

quences of the Slave-trade-Human Skeletons in the Desert-Natron

and Salt Lakes-Desert of Bilma-Sultan of Fezzan and a Slave-On

what Formation does the Sand of the Desert rest?-Description of a

Trona or Natron Lake-Fulgurite and native Meteoric Iron in the

Desert-Observations on the Sand of the Desert-Moving Pillars of

Sand-Sand-wind-How the prevailing Winds affect the Sand of the

Desert-What is the Geognostical Age of the Sahara?-3. Geology

of the Region to the South of the Sahara, and to the North of the

Great Table-land-African Gold.-4. Geology of the Great Table-land

of Africa-Geology of the Coast from Sierra Leone to Cape Negro-

Cape of Good Hope District-Distribution of its Chains of Mountains,

Plains and Valleys, or Kloofs-Description of the Karroo Plains-

Geognosy of the Peninsula of the Cape of Good Hope-The Lion's

Rump-Lion's Head-Table Mountain-Devil's Peak-To what Class

of Rocks do those of the Cape Peninsula belong?-At what Period

did the Cape Rocks rise above the Level of the Sea?-Vegetables in

crusted with Calcareous Sand confounded with Coral, and adduced as

a Proof of the very recent Emergence from the Ocean of the Lands

supporting them-Geology of the Table-land, properly so called-Ac-

count of the Sibilo of the Africans-Geological Survey of the Karroo

Ground recommended-Rivers-South African Lakes-South African

Springs-Remarks on the Importance of a Knowledge of the Natural

History and Chemical Composition of Springs-Geology of Caffraria

Natal, &c.-Conclusion...
244

CHAPTER XVIII.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE QUADRUPEDS OF AFRICA.

Introductory Observations- Orang-outang-Monkeys- Baboons-Le-

murs-Galagos-Bats-Shrew-mice-Cape Mole-Tenrec - Ratel

Otter-Jackals and Wild Dogs-Civets-Lion-Panther and Leopard

-Lynxes-Squirrels-Marmots-Sand Mole-Gerboa-Rats and Mice

-Dormice-Porcupines-Hares and Rabbits-Cape Ant-eater-Manis

-Elephant-Rhinoceros-Ethiopian Hog-Hippopotamus-Zebra-

Quagga-Camel-Dromedary-Red Deer-Giraffe-Antelopes of vari-

ous kinds-Gnu-Cape Buffalo-Egyptian Goat and Sheep...... 290

CHAPTER XIX.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIRDS OF AFRICA.

Introductory Observations-Vultures-Serpent-eater-Eagles-Hawks

-Owls-Butcher-birds-Thrushes-Buntings-Colius-Beef-eaters-

Rollers-Goat-suckers-Swallows-Hoopoes-Promerops-Creepers

-Bee-eater-Kingfishers-Hornbills-Woodpeckers-Cuckoos-Ho-

ney-guide-Parrots-Pogonias-Trogon-Musophaga-Touraco - Pi-

geons-Guinea Fowls-Quails-Partridges, &c.-Ostrich-Bustards

-Balearic Cranes-Flamingo-Gigantic Stork-Umber-Snipe and

Woodcock-Sandpiper-Courier-Plover-Penguin-Pelican-Plotus

-Tern-Gull-Albatross-Cape Petrel-Spur-winged Goose-Moun-

tain Goose-Egyptian Goose-Sheldrake-Musk-duck

323

CHAPTER XX.

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE REPTILES, FISHES, SHELLS, INSECTS, &c.

OF AFRICA.

Introductory Observations-Crocodiles-Lizards - Chameleon - Ser

pents-Frogs-General Observations on Fishes-Muræna-Gobius-

Cottus Scorpena-Zeus-Remora-Labrus - Mackarel - Surmullet

-Flying Gurnard-Electric Silure-Salmon-Polypterus-Argentine

-Flying-fish-Polyneme-African Herring-Carp-Mormyrus-Ray

-Ostracion-Tetrodon-Pipe-fish-Fossil Fish-General Observa-

tions on Shells-Various African Species-Remarks on the Distribution

of Insects-Goliathus, &c.-Paussus-Mantis-Locusts-Butterfly

Tribe-Bees-Scorpions-Centipedes-Zoophytes-Coral-Sponge-

Guinea Worm...........

342

ENGRAVINGS.

MAP of Africa..

To face the Titlepage,

VIGNETTE-Caravan in the Desert,

Group of Figures-Chief, Jillemen or Native Musicians, and Gree

gree Man or Magician Female Negro Dancer.. Park's Routes

Page 63 ............... 77

82

Tuarick on his Camel, with Male and Female Tibboo........................... 134 Denham and Clapperton's Koutes...... .................. 137 ........................ 142

Sultan of Bornou

145

Fishing in the River Yeou.......................................................................
Bornou Horseman, Kanemboo Spearman, and Munga Bowman.... 157
Timbuctoo according to Caillié

195

Ashantee Warrior and Attendant .................

202

Queen of Lattakoo, Lattakoo Warrior, and two Bosjesman Hotten

tots........

.......

.........

.......

...........

........

...........

225

232

Negroes preparing the Manioc Root.................................................... 230 Negro Palaver-house. Group of African Animals-In front, in the centre, the Rhinoceros ; -to the right, the Hippopotamus and Orang-outang. In the centre background, the Giraffe ;-to the left, Artelopes and Zebra ...... 290

........