2. To 1,344,000,000 hours of time, wasted by drunk

ards, at 4 cents per hour,

3. To the support of 150,000 paupers,

4. To losses by depravity of 45,000 criminals, un

5. To the disgrace and misery of 1,000,000 persons, (relatives of drunkards)

6. & 7. To the ruin of at least 30,000, and probably 48,000 souls annually,

53,760,000

7,500,000

immense.

incalculable.

infinite! unspeakable!

8. To loss by the premature death of 30,000 persons in the prime of life,

9. To losses from the carelessness and mismanagement of intemperate seamen, agents, &c. &c. unknown, but

Certain pecuniary loss in round numbers,

To which add, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 9th items,

30,000,000

very great.

$120,000,000

Total,"

Ample, indeed, must be the resources of that nation which can pay annually, so much money for the support of intemperance!

2. Another reason for total abstinence from ardent spirits, is, that the use of them in any degree injures, and, if persisted in, destroys the morals and happiness of society. The injurious effects of spirituous liquors are ordinarily in proportion to the quantity used. The smallest portion of· them taken when in health, is detrimental, and, the practice of taking them continued, will almost inevitably lead to intemperance; which is awfully baneful in its effects. It demoralizes, by breaking down all restraints, and letting in a flood of vices. It is properly called legion, for innumerable are its concomitants;-thousands of evils compose its train. It is followed by profaneness. The drunkard reverences neither the name, attributes, works nor word of God. His mouth is filled with the most horrid blasphemies, oaths and imprecations. Drunkenness leads also to idleness, Sabbath-breaking, gaming, lying, cheat

ing, theft and perjury. On account of its tendency to induce persons to forswear themselves, a law was once passed in Spain, which excluded drunkards from testifying in courts of justice. Intemperance tends, moreover, to lewdness, foolish conversation, and indecent language; to contentions, assaults, affrays, duelling and murder. From the Second Annual Report of the "Prison Discipline Society," it appears, that from the year 1806 to the year 1826, 20,000 criminals were condemned to the different penitentiaries in the United States. Now," says the Report of the "American Temperance Society," "It is admitted on all hands, that these, with scarcely one exception, are not only intemperate persons, but also, that they were hurried to the perpetration of crime, when in a state of intoxication." Says Judge Rush of Pennsylvania, in a charge to a grand jury, "I declare in this public manner, and with the most solemn regard to truth, that I do not recollect one instance since my being concerned in the administration of justice, of a single person being put on trial for man-slaughter, which did not. originate in drunkenness; and but few instances of trials for murder where this crime did not spring from the same unhappy cause."

After many years' experience, Judge Hale gave it as his full conviction, "That if all the murders and man-. slaughters, and burglaries, and robberies, and riots, and tumults, the adulteries, fornications, rapes and other great enormities, which had been committed within that time, were divided into five parts, four of them would be found to have been the result of intemperance." This vice destroys all moral sensibility, all sense of the everlasting distinction between right and wrong, and consequently, all religion. Now, as every person has an effect by his faith and life upon those around him, so the intemperate man

by his baneful influence destroyeth much good. It has been thought that one drunkard will in the course of ten years make five more. Intemperance also, mars the happiness of individuals, families, neighbors and society at large. Every evil work is its legitimate issue. It induces gloominess of mind, depression of spirits, fretfulness of disposition, and moroseness of habit. "Who hath wo? who hath sorrow? who bath contention? who hath wounds without a cause? They," saith inspiration, "who tarry long at the wine." What heart-rending scenes, as the offspring of hard drinking, may be seen at houses devoted to dissipation, and sometimes in the jovial parlor and family circle. Go to the intemperate man's abode, to his once peaceful fireside, after he has long been social with his cups, and you will behold his wife and children in tears, half clad, and destitute of food. He who should be their counsellor, comforter, and friend, is now become their tempter, their disturber, their enemy. Four hundred families in this land are probably thus afflicted by this awful scourge. Thus intemperance scatters fire-brands, arrows, and death through the community. It makes a man a burden to himself, a curse to his family, and a nuisance to society. The honorable William Wirt, late attorney general of the United States, in a communication made by him to the Baltimore City Temperance Society, has the following remarks: "I have been for more than forty years a close observer of life and manners in various parts of the United States, and I know. not the evil that will bear a moment's comparison with intemperance. It is no exaggeration to say, as has been often said, that this single cause has produced more vice, crime, poverty, and wretchedness in every form, domestic and social, than all the other ills that scourge us combined." Now all these evils may be avoided by the disuse of ardent spirits.

Who then will not practise total abstinence, and exert himself to induce others to follow his example?

3. My third reason for total abstinence from ardent spirits, is, that the use of them in any degree injures, and if persisted in to intemperance, will destroy the body.

"Health," says Dr. Buchan," depends upon that state of the solids and fluids, which fits them for the due performance of the vital functions, and while these go reguJarly on, we are sound and well, but whatever disturbs. them, necessarily impairs health. Intemperance' never fails to disorder the whole animal economy. It hurts digestion,* relaxes the nerves, renders the different secretions irregular, vitiates the humors, and occasions numberless diseases. Every fit of intoxication produces a fever, which sometimes terminates in inflammation of the lungs, liver, or brain, hereby bringing on sudden and premature death." It prostrates physical strength, by inducing nervous and muscular debility. By its deleterious effects, if it produce not acute, it most assuredly will chronic maladies. Look into the cup of intoxication, and you will see tremors of the limbs, inflammation of the eyes, ulcers upon the face, jaundice, gouts, fevers, consumptions, dropsies, lethargies, epilepsies; palsies, apoplexies, and madness-a host of ills, and death fast approaching. As the destroying angel of Egypt slew thousands, so does the intoxicating bowl slay its tens of thousands. Were we to

inspect the records of mortality, they would tell us, that the intemperate use of distilled spirits causes or occasions more deaths, than war, pestilence or famine. About nine tenths of all the persons who have died with the cholera in this and other countries, were in the habit of drinking ardent spirits. After 1200 had been attacked by this dis

Appendix I a,

"In

ease in Montreal, it was stated, that not a drunkard who had been attacked had recovered of the disease, and almost all the victims had been at least moderate drinkers. "In 'Tiflis in Russia, containing 20,000 inhabitants, every drunkard it has been affirmed, has fallen.-All are dead, not one remains." The Fifth Report of the American Temperance Society, after giving a faithful and detailed account of the awful effects of the cholera, says, Paris, the 30,000 victims were, with few exceptions, those who freely used intoxicating liquors. Nine tenths of those who died of the cholera, in Poland were of the same class." "Drunkenness," says Tissot, "destroys by retail at all times and every where." Dr. Trotter observes, that " more than one half of the sudden deaths, which happen, are by a fit of intoxication, softened into some milder name, not to ruffle the feelings of relations in laying them before the public." Speaking of the evil effects of intemperance, Dr. Alden, a distinguished Physician of this country, remarks, "The rosy hue of health is exchanged for a deep scarlet; the eye loses its intelligence, the voice becomes husky, the blood parts with its florid color; the appetite is impaired; the muscles waste, the face is bloated, and, in rapid succession, the liver, the digestive organs, the lungs, and heart, and brain lose their vital forces, and but imperfectly perform their functions; and sooner or later the constitution is broken down, organic disease supervenes, and death closes the scene."

"Since life is extinct send now for a surgeon, and let the body be inspected for the benefit of the living."

"The stomach is enlarged or contracted, often indurated, and always diseased; the intestinal canal, a mass of disease; the mucus membrane through its whole extent irriated; the liver shrunk, dense, discolored, and its vessels. early obliterated; the lungs engorged, adhering and often