CAMDEN, on the Penobscot, had, in 1840, a population of 3005 inhabitants, eleven stores ; capital in manufactures, 105,600 dollars, and several ship-building yards, with an active fishery and coasting trade.

KENNEBUNK is situated near the entrance of the river of the same name, and has a good harbour, shipping, coasting trade, and fisheries. In 1840, population, 2323 inhabitants, seventeen stores, one cotton factory, one printing office and newspaper, one grist mill, three saw mills, &c. MINOT, on the Androscoggin, had, in 1840, a population of 3550 inhabitants, fifteen stores, two fulling mills, and one furnace.

NORTH YARMOUTH, situated on Casco bay, has a coasting trade and fisheries. It contained, in 1840, a population of 2824 inhabitants, four churches, one academy, eighteen schools, fifteen stores, two fulling mills, five tanneries, three potteries, three grist mills, and three saw miils. POLAND, with a village of agricultural Shakers, is a township on the Little Androscoggin. Population, 2360.

There are several smaller towns and villages in Maine.

NAVIGATION AND TRADE OF THE PORTS OF MAINE.

The navigation of the ports of this state is confined nearly altogether to British, colonial, and United States' shipping; the former chiefly in the trade between this state and the British colonies. In 1843 there arrived in Portland 116 British vessels, chiefly schooners, and all with cargoes of gypsum, for manure, and some wood from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. They returned with flour and some West India produce, and many in ballast. The tonnage of those vessels amounted to 7312 tons, crews 506. Invoice value of cargoes imported, only 16831.; of cargoes exported, 1264/.

Five hundred and eighty-one British vessels arrived from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, during the same year, within the customs district of Passamaquoddy bay, Maine; tonnage, 33,509 tons; crews, 2424. Invoice value of cargoes, 97261. Cargoes consisted chiefly of gypsum, some timber, grindstones, and cargoes of coal; the latter from Picton. They sailed chiefly in ballast; a few carried to the British colonies, flour; and some wood to the West Indies. Value of exports, 90977. 110 British vessels arrived at Portsmouth, Maine, with gypsum, coal, wood, and some Poblas from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Tonnage, 5182 tons; crews, 388. Invoice value of cargoes, 960l.; of cargoes exported, only 4017. 10 British vessels arrived at the port of Bath, with gypsum, value 1497.; tonnage, 663 tons, crews, 38. Three arrived at the port of Belfast, one only loaded. Value of cargo, gypsum, 167.

The coasting trade, the fisheries, and carrying timber to the southern ports of the neighbouring states; and gypsum, grindstones, and coal from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, constitute the chief carrying trade and employment of the vessels belonging to the state of Maine. The following table does not include the shore fisheries, or the coasting trade of the state.

GROSS RETURN of British and Foreign Trade, at the principal Ports within the Consulate of Maine and New Hampshire, during the Year ending December 31st, 1843.

NEW HAMPSHIRE is bounded on the north by Lower Canada, on the east by Maine, on the south-east by the Atlantic, on the south by Massachusetts, and on the west by Vermont, and by the Connecticut river. It extends from 42 deg. 41 min. to 45 deg 11 min. north latitude, and from 70 deg. 40 min. to 72 deg. 28 min. west longitude. It is 160 miles long, and from 20 to 90 broad. Area 9280 square miles, or 5,939,200 acres. The population in 1790 was 141,885; in 1800, 138,858; in 1810, 214,460; in 1820, 244,161; in 1830, 269,328; in 1840, 284,574. Of these, 139,004 were free white males, 145,032 free white females, 248 free coloured males, 290 free coloured females. Engaged in agriculture, 77,949; in commerce, 1379; in manufactures and trades, 17,826; navigating the ocean, 455; navigating lakes and rivers, 198; learned professions, 1640.-Official Returns to Congress for 1840.

CONCORD is the seat of government, situated on the Merrimac river, sixty-three miles northnorth-west from Boston, with which it has a boat communication, by means of the river and the Middlesex canal.

The state is divided into ten counties, which, with their population and capitals, were in 1840 as follows:-Rockingham, 45,771, C. Portsmouth and Exeter; Merrimac, 36,253, C. Concord; Hillsborough, 42,494, C. Amherst; Cheshire, 26,429, C. Keene; Sullivan, 20,340, C. Newport; Strafford, 23,166, C. Dover and Rochester; Belknap, 17.988 C. Guildford; Carroll, 19,973, C. Ossipee; Grafton, 42,311, C. Haverhill and Plymouth; Coos, 9849, C. Lancaster. These contain about 323 townships. Official Returns.

New Hampshire extends only eighteen miles along the seacoast, and the shore is generally a sandy beach, bordered in front by salt marshes, and indented by creeks and coves, which form harbours for small craft. There are only two heights on the coast, Great and Little Boar's Heads, both in the town of Hampton. The country, for twenty or thirty miles from the sea, is generally

level or moderately undulated. Elevated hills and vales succeed; and toward the northern part the country becomes mountainous. The most elevated summits are the highest in the United States, east of the Rocky mountains. The principal chain rises between the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers, and passes north of the sources of the Merrimac. The highest points are Grand Monadnock, toward the south-west part of the state, 3254 feet above the level of the sea; Sunapee mountain, near Sunapee lake; and, farther north, Moosehillock, 4636 feet high; beyond which the White mountains rise to the height of 6428 feet, the most elevated summit being denominated Mount Washington. The Gap in the White mountains, called the Notch, is in some places not more than twenty-two feet wide, with lofty precipices on both sides, presenting wild and grand scenery. A road passes through this Gap, being the only pass over, or rather through, the mountains. By this road the products of the north part of New Hampshire, and the north-east part of Vermont, are carried to Portland; and so important is this communication considered by Maine, that its legislature has sometimes made grants for its improvement. One of the streams of the Saco river flows through the Gap.-U. S. Gaz.

The elevated lands of New Hampshire afford grazing, and the valleys and the banks and plains of the rivers, and especially the alluvians and plains of the Connecticut are fertile and remarkably productive. In the uncultivated part of the state the quality of the soil is ascertained by the various kinds of timber which grow upon it. Land upon which white oak grows is hard and stony; black and yellow birch, white ash, elm, and alder, grow on a deep, fertile, and moist soil, on which grass seeds and grain may be sown without ploughing; red oak grows best on heavy soils. Agriculture and pasturage have always been the chief pursuits of the people of New Hampshire. Apples and pears are the principal fruits. Each farm has usually an orchard. The principal productions are grass, wheat, rye, Indian corn; and beef, pork, mutton, and butter and cheese, are produced in great quantities. According to the census of 1840, the live stock consisted of 43,892 horses and mules, 275,562 neat cattle, 617,390 sheep, 121,671 swine. Value of poultry, 107,092 dollars. The agricultural products were, 422,124 bushels of wheat, 121,899 bushels of barley, 1,296,114 bushels of oats, 308,148 bushels of rye, 105,103 bushels of buckwheat, 1,162,572 bushels of Indian corn, 243,425 lbs. of hops, 6,206,606 bushels of potatoes, 496,107 tons of hay, 26 tons of hemp and flax, 1,162,368 lbs. of maple sugar. The products of the dairy were 1,638,543 dollars; of the orchard, 239,973 dollars; of lumber, 433,217 dollars; the sheep yielded 1,260,517 lbs. of wool.

The Merrimac river is rendered navigable by dams, locks, and canals, from Concord until it meets the Middlesex canal. By this route the produce of the southern part of the state is conveyed to Boston. From the western part, much of the produce is carried by the Connecticut river to Hartford. From the upper counties the produce is exported to be sold at Portland. Portsmouth is the most commercial town in the state. The principal articles of export are lumber, fish, beef, pork, horses, neat cattle, sheep, flax-seed, pot and pearl ashes.

The climate of New Hampshire partakes of the extremes of heat and cold, but the air is generally salubrious.* In the month of November the rivers are generally frozen over, and the snow usually lies on the ground until April, and in the northern and mountainous parts until May.

The principal rivers are the Connecticut, navigable for boats to the fifteen mile falls, near Bath, 250 miles above Hartford, in Connecticut; the Merrimac, navigable for boats to Concord. The

Many instances of longevity, above 100 years of age, are recorded in this state. Among others, was Henry Langstaff, who had been eighty-four years in New England, and who died 18th of July, 1705, “ above 100 years of age." His death was occasioned by a fall. Rev. Mr. Pike, of Dover, says in his journal, that he was "a hale, strong, hearty man, and might have lived many years longer, but for the accident which occasioned his death."

William Perkins, of Newmarket, who died in 1732, at the age of 116, was a native of the West of England. Governor Burnet, when on his way to New Hampshire, visited him, and examined him closely concerning events of the civil war in England. His son died in 1757, aged 87; and a great grandson died in 1824, at the age of 91.

William Scory, of Londonderry, died in 1754, aged 110. He was vigorous and active to the close of life. When 104, he walked from Londonderry to Portsmouth, thirty-six miles, and back again by another route twenty-five miles farther, "in order to see how many children his grandchildren's grand-children had, for they had been married several years."-Boston Weekly PostBoy, March 6, 1749.

Robert Metlin, of Wakefield, who died 5th February, 1787, aged 115, was a native of Scotland, lived many years at Portsmouth, where he carried on the business of a baker, and was noted as a pedestrian. He used to go on foot to Boston, then about sixty miles, performing the distance usually in a single day, where, after purchasing his flour, and putting it on board a coaster, he would walk home on the following day. He was 80 years old when he last performed this feat. The journey was thought, in those days, a good day's work for a horse.

John Lovewell, of Dunstable, lived to be about 100 years of age.

He was a man of such

Saco, the Androscoggin, and the Piscataqua, rise in, and run through part of this state. The other rivers are the Upper and Lower Ammonoosuc, Sugar, Ashuelot, Contoocook, Maragallaway, and Nashua. By means of the Piscataqua, a navigation for small craft is opened to Newmarket, Durham, and Exeter.

The lakes are numerous; but few of them are large. Lake Winnipiseogee, near the centre of the state, is twenty-three miles long, and from two to ten broad; which, with Umbagog, which lies partly in Maine, Ossipee, Sunapee, Squam, and Newfound, are the principal.

The harbour of Portsmouth is one of the best in America. It has forty feet depth of water at low tide, and is easily accessible for the largest ships. The principal towns are Dover, Concord, Portsmouth, Nashua, Keene, Exeter, Manchester, Peterborough, Walpole, Claremont, Gilmanton, Meredith, Hanover, and Haverhill.-U. S. Gaz.

There were in 1840, in New Hampshire, eighteen commercial, and six commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 1,330,600 dollars; 1075 retail dry goods and other stores, employing a capital of 2,602,422 dollars; 117 persons engaged in internal transportation, who, with thirty-eight butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of 54,120 dollars: 626 persous employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of 29,000 dollars; 399 persons employed in the fisheries, with a capital of 59,680 dollars.

There were, in 1840, home-made, or goods made in the houses of families, manufactured to the value of 538,303 dollars. There were sixty-six woollen manufactories, and 152 fulling mills, employing 893 persons, producing goods to the value of 795,784 dollars, with a capital of 740,345 dollars; fifty-eight cotton manufactories, with 195,173 spindles, employing 6991 persons, producing goods to the value of 4,142,304 dollars, and employing a capital of 5,523,200 dollars; fifteen furnaces produced 1320 tons of cast iron, and two forges of 125 tons of bar iron, together employing 121 persons, and a capital of 98,200 dollars; one smelting-house, employing two persons, produced 1000 lbs. of lead; thirteen paper manufactories produced articles to the value of 150,600 dollars; and other paper manufactories to the value of 1500 dollars, the whole employing 111 persons, with a capital of 104,300 dollars; hats and caps were manufactured to the value of 190,526 dollars, and straw bonnets to the value of 9379 dollars, together employing 2048 persons, and a capital of 48,852 dollars; seventeen persons manufactured tobacco to the value of 10,500 dollars, with a capital of 2100 dollars; 251 tanneries employed 776 persons, and a capital of 386,402 dollars; 2131 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the value of 712,151 dollars, and employed a capital of 230,649 dollars; five distilleries produced 51,244 gallons, one brewery 3000 gallons, together employing seven persons, and a capital of 15,998 dollars; three glass houses employed eighty-five persons, producing to the value of 47,000 dollars, with a capital of 44,000 dollars; fourteen potteries employed twenty-nine persons, producing 19,100 dollars, with a capital of 6840 dollars; twenty persons manufactured soap to the amount of 10,900 lbs., and tallow candles to the amount of 28,845 lbs., and spermaceti or wax candles to the amount of 50,000 lbs., with a capital of 13,550 dollars; 191 persons produced machinery to the value of 106,814 dollars; forty-seven persons produced musical instruments to the amount of 26,750 dollars, with a capital of 14,050 dollars; 197 persons manufactured hardware and cutlery to the amount of 124,460 dollars; fifty-five persons manufactured granite and marble to the amount of 21,918 dollars; 236 persons manufactured bricks and lime to the amount of 63,166 dollars; 450 persons produced carriages and waggons to the amount of 232,240 dollars, employing a capital of 114,762 dollars; seven powder mills, employing eleven persons, produced 185,000 lbs. of gunpowder, with a capital of 58,000 dollars; mills of various kinds employed 1296 persons, and produced articles to the value of 758,260 dollars, with a capital of 1,149,193 dollars; ships were built to the amount of 78,000 dollars; the manufacture of furniture employed 233 persons, producing articles worth 105,827 dollars, and employing a capital of

venerable appearance, that the Indians regarded him with reverence, and never offered to molest him.

Samuel Welch, of Bow, who died the 5th of April, 1823, in the 113th year of his age, was born at Kingston, 1st September, 1710, and is supposed to have been the oldest native of New Hampshire, of European descent, who ever died in the state.

The oldest female in New Hampshire, Hannah Belknap, died in 1784, at the age of 107, lacking one month. When 105, she rode from Atkinson to Plaistow, on horseback, on a "pillion," behind her son, Obadiah Belknap. Her husband died at the age of 95.

Though more females live to an advanced age than males, yet fewer females in this country have attained extreme old age than males. Of the 163 persons who have lived in New Hampshire to the age of 100 years and upwards, 101 were females. Of those, one was nearly 107, three were 106, five were 105, four were 104, six were 103, nine were 102, twenty-four were 101, and the remainder 100, or in their hundredth year. Of the males, one was 117, one 116, one 115, one 112, six 105, four 103, four 102, eight 101, and the remainder 100, or in their hundredth year.

59,984 dollars. There were built ninety brick and 434 wood-houses, employing 935 persons, valued at 470,715 dollars. There were thirty-six printing offices, twenty-two binderies, twentyseven weekly newspapers, six periodicals, the whole employing 256 persons, and a capital of 110,850 dollars. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was 9,252,448 dollars. -Official Returns.

The principal institution for education in the state, is Dartmouth College, Hanover, founded in 1770. There is attached to it a medical department. The Gilmanton theological seminary, at Gilmanton, was founded in 1835. In these institutions, there were in 1840, 433 students. There were in the state 68 academies, with 5799 students; and 2127 common and primary schools, with 82,632 scholars. In the state, there were 942 white persons, over twenty years of age, who could neither read nor write.

The principal religious denominations are the Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. In 1836, the Congregationalists had 159 churches, 142 ministers, and 18,982 communicants; the Baptists had 90 churches, 64 ordained ministers, and 6505 communicants. The Free-will Baptists had 100 congregations, and 81 ministers. The Methodists had 75 ministers. Besides these, there are Presbyterians, Unitarians, Universalists, Episcopalians, some Roman Catholics, and two societies of Shakers.

The public works of this state are chiefly those for the improvement of the Merrimac river, by dams, locks, and short canals. They are, Bow falls, three miles below Concord, three quarters of a mile long; Hookset falls, one-eighth of a mile; Amoskeag falls, one mile; Union falls, nine miles; and Sewell's falls, a quarter of a mile. The Eastern railroad extends from Massachusetts' line to Portsmouth, 15§ miles; the Nashua and Lowell railroad, from Nashua, New Hampshire, to Lowell, Massachusetts, incorporated in 1836. The Boston and Maine railroad extends from Massachusetts line to Exeter, fourteen miles.*-U. S. Gaz.

Mr. J. B. Moon, in his interesting account of the commerce and resources of New Hampshire, says, "That this state has but one seaport, and that is situated in the south-easterly corner of the state, isolated in a considerable degree from a larger portion of the natural trade of the interior, which finds its way down the valleys of the Merrimac to Massachusetts, or of the Connecticut to Hartford. Neither is New Hampshire, by nature, an agricultural state. The elements of her early prosperity were found in the extensive forests of timber which once covered the state; and after those disappeared, in the unsurpassed water-power which exists in every county of the state. Doctor Franklin, some years before the revolution, remarked, that the great water-power possessed by this then colony, must in the end form the source of its prosperity. The establishment of the large manufacturing towns of Dover, Nashua, Newmarket, &c., and of the new manufacturing town at Amoskeag, which is growing up to be in the end the rival of its elder sister, Lowell, attest the wisdom of his observation.

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Wherever manufactures spring up into life, there better markets are created for the farming community; and agriculture, which before drooped, revives, and its beneficial results are multiplied. The hardy soil of New Hampshire has been improved and cultivated by as industrious a community, perhaps, as ever lived, until the products of that state, notwithstanding the disadvantages alluded to, have risen to a relative amount and value scarcely inferior to those of any other state. It should be borne in mind in examining the results of the products in the accounts of 1840, here given, that the whole area of this state embraces but a little more than 6,000,000 of acres, including the lakes and ponds, and those vast piles of mountains which have, not inappropriately, given it the name of the granite state.

"Returns of the polls and rateable estate in New Hampshire are made under the requisition of the state, once in four years, for the purpose of equalising the proportion of taxes among the different towns. The returns made to the legislature in November, 1840, exhibit the following aggregates :

Travelling in the Last Century.-The Boston Evening Post of April 6, 1761, contains the following paragraph, giving notice of the great improvements which had been made, by a spirit of enterprise which always distinguished our ancestors, in the mode of travelling between Portsmouth and Boston:

"We learn from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, that for the encouragement of trade from that place to this town, a large stage-chaise, with two good horses, well equipped, will be ready by Monday week next, to set out from thence to this place, to perform once a week; to lodge at Ipswich the first night; from thence through Salem and Medford to Charlestown ferry; to tarry at Charlestown till Thursday morning, so as to return to Portsmouth the next day, and set out again the Monday following-that it will be contrived to carry four persons, the price to be 13s. 6d. sterling."

It thus appears, that a week was occupied by this fast vehicle, drawn by "two good horses," in going to Boston and returning. A man is now, 1844, able to visit the city from Portsmouth before breakfast, transact his business, and return to dinner!