Sugars, in mats or bales, one-half per cent draft, and two per cent tare. Coffee, in hhds., one-half per cent draft, and twelve per cent tare. Coffee, in flour barrels, one-half per cent draft, and 18 lbs. per barrel, tare. Coffee, in bags of grass, one-half per cent draft, and two per cent tare. Coffee, in bags of linen, two per cent tare. Coffee, in mats or bales, one-half per cent draft, and three per cent tare. Cocoa, in casks, custom-house draft, and ten per cent tare. Cocoa, in bags of linen, two per cent tare. On any of the preceding articles, the importer may have the invoice tare allowed, if he makes his election at the time of making his entry, and obtains the consent of the collector and naval officer thereto.—[Act of 2nd of March, 1799, Section 58. Presentation of Drafts Drawn at Sight. Resolved, That it has always been the practice of the merchants of Charleston to pay, on presentation, drafts drawn at sight. Resolved, That, in the opinion of this chamber, this practice establishes the legal right of the presenter of a sight draft to demand payment on presentation.-Adopted, May 27, 1844. Pimento, in casks, custom-house draft, and sixteen per Regulations for the Public Assayer for the State of cent tare. Pepper, in bags of linen, two per cent tare. Indigo, of foreign growth, custom-house draft; tare, in casks, fifteen per cent; in barrels, twelve per cent; in ceroons, ten per cent; in bags, three per cent. Cotton, of foreign growth, covered with linen, customhouse draft, two per cent tare. All other articles, custom-house draft and tare. Cheese, candles, chocolate, soap, and all small articles sold by weight, the actual tare. Liquors are guaged by Gunter's scale, agreeably to the act of congress.-Revised, May, 1844. Custom-House Drafts and Duties. South Carolina. I. The assayer shall accurately assay all gold and silver brought to him for that purpose, including coins, genuine and counterfeit. II. He shall keep a book, and in it require persons bringing metals for examination to enter their names, their residence, and such other particulars as the assayer may deem advisable, and as may, from time to time, be required by the appointing powers. Ill. He shall, if the parties desire it, make the gold or silver assayed into bars or ingots, on each of which shall be stamped-1st. Its regular number, beginning at No. 1. 2. The gross weight of the assayed bar or ingot. 3rd. The value per pennyweight of that bar or ingot, according to the mint standard. 4th. The amount in pennyweights of Drafts.--The following allowances are made by law for pure gold or silver in said bar or ingot. 5th. The date of drafts on articles subject to duty by weight: Of any quantity of 1 cwt.... the assay; and, 6th. The name of the owner. lbs. 1 above 1 cwt. and not exceeding 2 cwt.... 2 3 cwt....... 3 3 cwt. 10 cwt. .. 4 10 cwt. 18 cwt.... 7 IV. He shall keep a book, in which shall be entered, as specified above, the gross or specific weights of each bar or ingot, the amount of precious metals contained in it, the name of the person owning, and that of the person bringing it, the day it was entered in his book, and the number of the bar or ingot. 18 cwt.. 9 " A report of these particulars shall be lodged regularly in the bank of the state, where it shall be recorded for public inspection and reference. V. In assaying the gold, the silver it contains is to be estimated and reckoned in fixing the value of the bar or ingot, under the second and third specifications of the third regulation above. For Gold.--Ingots under 100 pennyweights, one dollar. The charges shall not exceed the following rates:— Ingots between 100 and 400 pennyweights, per pennyIngots between 400 and 1000, ditto, one cent for the first 400, and one-quarter of a cent additional for each pennyweight over 400. weight, one cent. pr. ct. Ingots over 1000 pennyweights, the same charge as the last, with one-eighth of a cent additional for all over 1000 pennyweights. 15 5 For Silver. Sums under 100 dollars, one dollar. 8 Sums of 1000 dollars and upwards, four dollars. 10 If the gold should be in the form of grains, it is to be run 2 into ingots or bars, at the expense of the assayer, provided 6 it does not exceed 1000 pennyweights; and if it exceeds 8 that weight, he has the privilege of charging three cents 8 an ounce for the excess. The same is applicable to bars or ingots that it may be necessary to recast. 10 10 3 Charge for Examining Coins.-If it be simply to make such examination as to decide upon the genuine or counterfeit character of the coin, not to exceed fifty cents. If the coin should be counterfeit, and the exact composition be required, not to exceed two dollars. On twine in casks.. On twine in bales On all other goods, paying a specific duty, according to the invoice thereof, or actual weight. GEORGIA is bounded north by Tennessee and North Carolina; north-east by South Carolina; east by the Atlantic; south by Florida; and west by Alabama. It is between 30 deg. 30 min. and 35 deg. north latitude, and between 80 deg. 50 min. and 86 deg. 6 min. west longitude, and between 3 deg. 52 min. and 8 deg. 47 min. west from Washington. It is 300 miles long from north to south, and 240 miles broad from east to west. The area of this state comprises about 58,000 square miles, or 37,120,000 British statute acres. The population, in 1790, was 82,584; in 1800, 162,686; in 1810, 252,433; in 1820, 348,989; in 1830, 516,567; in 1840, 691,392, of which 280,944 were slaves. There were, in 1840, employed in agriculture, 209,283; in commerce, 2428; in manufactures and trades, 7984; mining, 574; navigating the ocean, 262; navigating, canals, rivers, &c., 352; learned professions, 1250. This state is divided into ninety-three counties, which, with their population, in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows:-Appling, 2052, C. Holmesville; Baker, 4226, C. Newton; Baldwin, 7250, C. Milledgeville; Bibb, 9802, C. Macon; Bryan, 3182, C. Bryan; Bullock, 3102, C. Statesborough; Burke, 13,176, C. Waynesborough; Butts, 5308, C. Jackson; Camden, 6075, C. Jeffersonton; Campbell, 5370, C. Campbellton; Carroll, 5252, C. Carrollton; Cass, 9390, C. Casville; Chatham, 18,801, C. Savannah; Chattooga, 3438, C. Summerville; Cherokee, 5895, C. Canton; Clarke, 10,522, C. Athens; Cobb, 7539, C. Marietta; Columbia, 11,356, C. Applington; Coweta, 10,364, C. Newnan ; Dade, 1364, C. Trenton; Decatur, 5872, C. Bainbridge; De Kalb, 10,467, C. Decatur; Dooly, 4427, C. Vienna; Early, 5444, C. Blakeley; Effingham, 3075, C. Springfield; Elbert, 11,125, C. Elberton; Emanuel, 3129, C. Swainsborough; Fayette, 6191, C. Fayetteville; Floyd, 4441, C. Rome; Forsyth, 5619, C. Cumming; Franklin, 9886, C. Carnesville; Gilmer, 2536, C. Ellejay; Glynn, 5302, C. Brunswick; Greene, 11,690, C. Greensborough; Gwinnett, 10,804, C. Lawrenceville; Habersham, 7961, C. Clarksville; Hall, 7875, C. Gainesville; Hancock, 9659, C. Sparta; Harris, 13,933, C. Hamilton; Heard, 5329, C. Franklin; Henry, 11,756, M'Donough; Houston, 9711, C. Perry; Irwin, 2038, C. Irwinville; Jackson, 8522, C. Jefferson; Jasper, 11,111, C. Monticello; Jefferson, 7254, C. Louisville; Jones, 10,065, C. Clinton; Laurens, 5585, C. Dublin; Lee, 4520, C. Starkeville; Liberty, 7241, C. Hinesville; Lincoln, 5895, C. Lincolnton; Lowndes, 5574, C. Troupsville; Lumpkin, 5671, C. Dahlonega; Macon, 5045, C. Lanier; Madison, 4510, C. Danielsville; Marion, 4812, C. Tazewell; M'Intosh, 5360, C. Darien; Meriwether, 14,132, C. Greeneville; Monroe, 16,275, C. Forsyth; Montgomery, 1616, C. Mount Vernon; Morgan, 9121, C. Madison; Murray, 4695, Č. Spring Place; Muscogee, 11,699, C. Columbus; Newton, 11,628, C. Covington; Oglethorpe, 10,868, C. Lexington; Paulding, 2556, C. Van Wart; Pike, 9176, C. Zebulon; Pulaski, 5389, C. Hawkinsville; Putnam, 10,260, C. Eatonton; Rabun, 1912, C. Clayton; Randolph, 8276, C. Cuthbert; Richmond, 11,932, C. Augusta; Scriven, 4794, C. Jacksonboro; Stewart, 12,933, C. Lumpkin; Sumpter, 5759, C. Americus; Talbot, 15,627, C. Talbotton; Talliaferro, 5190, C. Crawfordsville; Tatnall, 2724, C. Reidsville; Telfair, 2763, C. Jacksonville; Thomas, 6766, C. Thomasville; Troup, 15,733, C. Lagrange; Twiggs, 8422, C. Marion; Union, 3152, C. Blairsville; Upson, 9408, C. Thomaston; Walker, 6572, C. Lafayette; Walton, 10,209, C. Monroe; Ware, 2323, C. Waresborough; Warren, 9789, C. Warrenton; Washington, 10,565, C. Sandersville; Wayne, 1258, C. Wayne; Wilkes, 10,148, C. Washington; Wilkinson, 6842, C. Irwinton. Soil and Agriculture.-For an average of about seven miles distance from the main land the sea islands, intersected by inlets, communicating with each other, form a well sheltered inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons burden, along the whole coast. These islands consist of salt marsh, and land of a gray rich soil, which produces the well-known sea-island cotton. The natural growth of this soil is pine, hickory, and live oak. The principal islands are Tybee, Ossabaw, St. Catharines, Sapelo, St. Simons, and Cumberland. The soil on the main land, for four or five miles from the coast, consists of salt marsh. Beyond which there is a narrow margin of land, nearly resembling that of the islands; and further back the pine-barrens commence, interspersed with numerous inland swamps, on the verge of the creeks and rivers. These are partially or wholly overflowed at the return of the tide, and constitute the rice plantations. The pine-barrens extend from sixty to ninety miles from the coast. "Beyond this commences the region of sand hills, thirty or forty miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the lower falls of the rivers. The part of the state, above the falls of the rivers, is called the Upper country, and has generally a strong and fertile soil, often inclining to a red colour, and further back, mixed with a deep black mould, producing cotton, tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and other kinds of grain. Black walnut and mulberry trees grow abundantly in this soil. The forests also produce oak, pine, hickory, and cedar. The fruits are, melons, figs, oranges, pomegranates, olives, lemons, limes, citrons, pears, and peaches. The pine-barrens produce grapes of a large size and excellent flavour. The country on the north, near the boundary of Tennessee, becomes mountainous."- U. S. Gaz. Live Stock and Agricultural Products.-In this state there were, in 1840, 157,540 horses and mules; 884,414 neat cattle; 267,107 sheep; 1,457,755 swine; poultry to the value of 449,623 dollars. There were produced 1,801,830 bushels of wheat; 12,979 bushels of barley; 1,610,030 bushels of oats; 60,693 bushels of rye; 20,905,122 bushels of Indian corn; 371,303 lbs. of wool; 19,799 lbs. of wax; 1,211,366 lbs. of potatoes; 16,969 tons of hay; ten tons of flax and hemp; 162,894 lbs. of tobacco; 12,384,732 lbs. of rice; 163,392,396 lbs. of cotton; 2992 lbs. of silk cocoons; 329,744 lbs. of sugar. The products of the dairy were valued at 605,172 dollars; and of the orchard, 156,122 dollars; of lumber, 114,050 dollars. There were made, 8647 gallons of wine. The staple commodities are cotton and rice, of which great quantities are exported.- Official Returns. Minerals.-Copper and iron have been found in this state, and there are several valuable mineral springs, but much the most valuable mineral production is gold, which is found in the north part of the state, in considerable quantities.-U. S. Gaz. Trades. In 1840, there were four commercial and eighty-two commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 1,543,500 dollars; 1716 retail dry-goods and other stores, with a capital of 7,361,838 dollars; 442 persons were employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of 75,730 dollars; 194 persons were employed in internal transportation, who, with seventeen butchers, packers, &c., employed a capital of 12,885 dollars. Manufactures.-In 1840, the value of home-made or family goods was 1,467,630 dollars. There was one woollen manufactory employing ten persons, producing articles to the value of 3000 dollars, with a capital of 2000 dollars; nineteen cotton factories, with 42,589 spindles, employing 779 persons, producing articles to the value of 304,342 dollars, employing a capital of 573,835 dollars; fourteen furnaces, producing 494 tons of cast iron, employing forty-one persons, and a capital of 24,000 dollars; 130 smelting houses employed 405 persons, and produced gold to the value of 121,881 dollars, with a capital of 79,343 dollars; fifty-five persons manufactured hats and caps to the value of 22,761 dollars, with a capital of 7950 dollars; 132 tanneries employed 437 persons, and a capital of 127,739 dollars; 102 other leather manufactories, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the value of 123,701 dollars, with a capital of 60,932 dollars; six potteries, employing twelve persons, produced articles to the value of 2050 dollars, with a capital of 790 dollars; 184 persons produced machinery to the value of 131,238 dollars; nineteen persons produced hardware and cutlery to the value of 7866 dollars; 555 persons produced bricks and lime to the value of 148,655 dollars; 2633 persons made 764,528 lbs. of soap, and 111,066 lbs. of tallow candles, with a capital of 27,126 dollars; 393 distilleries produced 126,746 gallons, which, with twenty-two breweries, employed 218 persons, and a capital of 28,606 dollars; 461 persons manufactured carriages and waggons to the value of 249,065 dollars, with a capital of 93,820 dollars; 114 flouring mills produced 55,158 barrels of flour, and, with other mills, employed 1581 persons, producing articles to the value of 1,268,715 dollars, with a capital of 1,491,973 dollars; ninety-five persons manufactured furniture to the value of 49,780 dollars, with a capital of 29,090 dollars; thirty-eight brick or stone houses, and 2591 wooden houses, were built by 2274 persons, at a cost of 693,116 dollars; twenty-four printing offices, and five binderies, five daily, five semi-weekly, and twenty-four weekly newspapers, and six periodicals, employed 157 persons, and a capital of 134,400 dollars. The whole value of capital employed in manufactures was 2,899,565 dollars.- Official Returns. Climate. The climate of Georgia is generally mild. In the low country it is unhealthy during the months of July, August, and September, excepting portions of the islands; but the Upper country is salubrious and healthy. Snow is seldom seen, and cattle subsist with very little food but what they obtain from the woods and savannas.-U. S. Gaz. Rivers.-The rivers are the Savannah, 600 miles long, bounding the state on the north-east, navigable for ships seventeen miles to Savannah, and, a part of the year, for steamboats, 250 miles to Augusta; the Altamaha, which is navigable for large vessels, twelve miles, to Darien, is formed by the junction of the Oconee and the Ocmulgee; and is navigable for sloops of thirty tons, by the former, to Dublin, 300 miles from the ocean; the Ogeche, 200 miles long, and navigable for sloops for forty miles; Flint river, which rises in the north-west part of the state, and, after a course of more than 200 miles, joins the Chattahoochee, forming the Appalachiocola; the Chattahoochee, on the west border of the state, which is navigable 300 miles by steamboat to Columbus; the St. Mary's river, in the south-west part of the state, rises in Okefinokee swamp, and is navigable, seventy miles, for vessels drawing fourteen feet of water. Okefinokee swamp is about 180 miles in circumference, and has within it several fertile islands.-U. S. Gaz. Education. The University of Georgia is located at Athens, and is designed to have an academic branch in each county. A few only of these have been opened. It was founded in 1788, and has been well endowed. In this institution and its branches, there were, in 1840, 622 students. There were in the state, 176 academies or grammar schools, with 7878 students; and 601 common or primary schools, with 15,561 scholars. There were 30,717 free white persons, over twenty years of age, who could neither read nor write. Religion. The Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians, are the most numerous religious denominations. In 1835, the Baptists had 583 churches, 298 ministers, and 41,810 communicants; the Methodists, eighty travelling preachers, and 25,005 white, and 8436 coloured communicants; the Presbyterians, seventy-five churches, forty-five ministers, and 4882 communicants; the Episcopalians, four ministers; the Protestant Methodists, twenty congregations, and fifteen ministers. Besides these there were a number of Christians, Roman Catholics, Lutherans, Scotch Presbyterians, Friends, and Jews. Banks.--In 1840, this state had thirty-seven banks and branches, with an aggregate capital of 15,119,219 dollars, and a circulation of 3,017,348 dollars. At the close of 1840, the state debt amounted to 500,000 dollars.—(See Banks of the United States hereafter.) Public Works.-This state has several important works of internal improvement. The Savannah and Ogeechee canal extends sixteen miles, from Savannah to Ogeechee river, completed, in 1829, at an expense of 165,000 dollars. The Brunswick canal extends from tide water on the Altamaha, twelve miles to Brunswick, at a cost of 500,000 dollars. -U. S. Gaz. The Georgia railroad extends from Augusta, 165 miles, to De Kalb county. The Athens branch extends from the Georgia railroad thirty-three miles to Athens. Cost of the whole, including the Athens branch, 3,300,000 dollars. The Western and Atlantic railroad continues the Georgia railroad from De Kalb county, 140 miles, to Chattanooga, on Tennessee river, at a cost of 2,130,000 dollars. The Central railroad extends from Savannah, 197 miles, to Macon, estimated to cost 2,300,000 dollars. The Monroe railroad extends from Macon, 101 miles, to Whitehall. The Ocmulgee and Flint river railroad, seventy-six miles in length, is designed to connect the navigable waters of these rivers, so as to form a communication from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico.-(See Public Works of United States hereafter.) PRINCIPAL SEAPORTS AND TOWNS. AUGUSTA is situated on the south-west side of Savannah river, ninety-six miles from Milledgeville, 120 miles north-west from Savannah. Population, in 1830, 4000; in 1840, 6403. It is regularly laid out, and built chiefly of brick. The streets cross each other at right angles, and are ornamented with trees. It has a city hall, court house, gaol, theatre, arsenal, hospital, and a female asylum; seven churches-one Baptist, one Episcopal, one Methodist, one Presbyterian, one Roman Catholic, one Unitarian, and one African. It is connected with Charleston and Milledgeville by railroad. The back country is fertile. Its trade is active, and it sends a great amount of cotton, tobacco, and other produce, down the river to Savannah. In 1840, it contained twelve commission houses in foreign trade, capital 245,000 dollars; 265 stores, capital 1,281,870 dollars; two furnaces, two printing offices, two daily, four weekly, two semi-weekly newspapers, and two periodicals. Capital in manufactures, 44,500 dollars.- Official Returns, U. S. Gaz. COLUMBUS, situated on the banks of the Chattahoochee river, at the head of steamboat navigation; immediately below the falls on the river, which descends 111 feet in a distance of four miles above. It is situated 300 miles above the junction of the Chattahoochee with Flint river, and 430 miles above Appalachicola bay. The river, under the falls, is only 354 feet wide, below which it widens to 250 yards. The town is elevated sixty feet above the ordinary height of the river, and covers 1200 acres. Two streets running parallel with the river, are 165 feet wide; six others are 132 feet wide. These are intersected by twelve other streets, at right angles, which are ninety-nine feet wide. It contained, in |