IMPORTS of Sugars, Coffee, and Salt, imported into New Orleans, for the Years 1841-2

to 1843-4, inclusive.

Sugar produced. The growth of the cane, though one of the most valuable, is the most uncertain. Of 126,400,310 lbs. of cane, maple, and other sugars produced in all the states, in 1843, Louisiana yielded 97,173,500 lbs. of cane sugar. There were, during that year, 668 sugar plantations; of which 301 worked by steam, and the number of slaves employed were about 26,000.

For further details of the Trade and Navigation of Louisiana and New Orleans, see Internal Trade, Cotton Trade, Sugar Trade, and general Foreign Trade and Navigation of the United States hereafter.

STATEMENT Of Exports, by Sea, out of the State, from the Port of Franklin, District of Teche, 144 miles west of New Orleans, from the 30th of September, 1842, to the 30th of June, 1843.

STATEMENT of the Number of Vessels, Outward and Inward, at the Port of Franklin.

EXPORTS of Flour, Pork, Bacon, Lard, Beef, Lead, Whiskey, and Corn, from New Orleans, for Five Years, from the 31st of September to the 31st of August.

In the above, the Exports to Mobile, &c., via the Pontchartrain Railroad, are included. Vessels reported in the clearances as having Provisions and merchandise are not included.

In the above, the Exports to Mobile, &c., via the Pontchartrain Railroad, are not included. Also vessels reported in the clearances as having provisions and merchandise.

TOWNS.-BATON ROUGE, on the east bank of the Mississippi, thirty miles above Donaldsonville, 120 miles above New Orleans, 150 miles below Natchez. It is situated on a bluff, or high land, extending to the Mississippi, mostly along one street, at the foot of the hill, about twenty-five feet above high water mark, which is a considerable elevation for this region. It had, in 1840, three banks, twenty-seven stores, one printing-office, and 500 dwellings. Population, 2269.

The statistics of the two following parishes of Baton Rouge, are characteristic of Louisiana. 1. BATON ROUGE, EAST, parish, is the first land elevated above the overflow, in ascending the Mississippi. The productions are cotton, and Indian corn, and some sugar. There were, in 1840, neat cattle 9947, sheep 3690, swine 20,659; Indian corn 180,291 bushels produced, potatoes 23,371 bushels, rice 14,550 lbs., tobacco 4,016, 183 lbs., sugar 2,466.000 lbs., thirty-four stores, capital 243,550 dollars; three grist mills, two saw mills, one printing-office, one weekly newspaper. Capital in manufactures 31,400 dollars. One college seventy students, five acade

mies 196 students, seven schools 168 scholars. Population, in 1830, 6693; in 1840, whites 3750, slaves 4206, free coloured 182. Total, 8138.

2. BATON ROUGE, WEST, lies opposite East Baton Rouge, on the west side of the Mississippi river. The surface is almost an entire level. The land on the streams, however, is a little elevated above the rest, and is the part, chiefly, which is capable of cultivation, and is very productive. Cotton is principally cultivated. The remainder is subject to be overflowed. There were, in 1840, neat cattle 2513, sheep 1773, swine 2835; Indian corn 122,971 bushels produced, potatoes 4149 bushels, cotton 3,180,875 lbs., sugar 1,947,400 lbs. ; five stores, capital 18,300 dollars; two lumber yards, capital 15,000 dollars; two grist mills, two saw mills. Capital in manufactures 9650 dollars. Two academies fifty-one students, four schools forty-two scholars. Population, in 1830, 3084; in 1840, whites 1371, slaves 4638, free coloured 120. Total, 4638.

FINANCES OF LOUISIANA.

(From a Report to the Legislature, February 23, 1844.)

The receipts from January 1, 1843, to December 31, 1843
Expenditures during the same year

Balance, January 1, 1844

Of this balance, 42,157 dollars 14 cents are in notes and bonds at present unavailable. There was, however, at this date, a balance of interest due on bonds issued by the state for her own benefit, other than those issued to the property banks, amounting to

And appropriations due to schools

Making amount due January 1, 1844

dollars.

746,797.64

652,560.43

94,237.21

142,515.42

88,490.08

231,005.50

The state is responsible on the various bonds issued by her, and on deposits made with her, for a sum amounting to 21,433,523 dollars 03 cents, exclusive of interest. From this should be deducted

1st. The amount of the surplus revenue of the federal government, deposited with the state..

2nd. The amount deposited for vacant estates

dollars. dollars. 477,910.14

27,692.89

505,602.03

3rd. The amount of bonds issued to municipalities Nos. 2 and 3...... 529,920.00 1,035,523.03

Which leave a balance of state liabilities for

These liabilities consist of two distinct and separate classes :

20,398,000.00

1st. Such as were incurred by the state for administration purposes; for the purpose of sustaining and carrying on the government of the state; for the furtherance and prosecution of enterprises undertaken for the advantage of the citizens; or, for objects which seemed to promise pecuniary profits to the state. These, excluding interest, amount to 3,898,000 dollars.

2nd. Such as were incurred by the state for the purpose of furnishing different corporate institutions with capital to be employed in banking.

These consist of the following, viz. :—

For the Union Bank

For the Citizens' Bank

For the Consolidated Association.

Making, exclusive of interest......

dollars.

7,000,000

7,120,000

2,380,000

16,500,000

The Union Bank has thus far faithfully paid the amount due on the bonds issued to her by the state. The two other institutions have failed, and gone into liquidation; but they hold notes, secured by mortgages of real estate, from which, it is believed, enough will ultimately be obtained to pay off all the bonds issued to them.

The state owns property which is thought to be abundantly sufficient for the redemption of the bonds issued for her own proper use and benefit. This property consists, first, of bank stock (bank of Louisiana, 2,000,000 dollars; Mechanics' and Traders' bank, 150,000 dollars; Louisiana state bank, 60,000 dollars), amounting to 2,210,000 dollars. Secondly, the right to select 500,000 acres from the unappropriated United States' lands remaining in the state, worth at least four dollars an acre. The value of these lands then is 2,000,000 dollars. Thirdly, various lands and public improvements, estimated at 650,000 dollars. The whole available property, then, is 4,860,000 dollars. It is proposed to sell this property as fast as it can be done without materially depreciating its value, and with the proceeds to pay off the state's own proper debt.

389

WESTERN STATES.-I. ARKANSAS.

ARKANSAS is bounded on the north by Missouri; east by the Mississippi river, which separates it from Tennessee and Mississippi; and west by the Indian territory. It lies between 33 deg. and 36 deg. 30 min. north latitude, and between 89 deg. 30 min. and 94 deg. 30 min. west longitude, and between 12 deg. 30 min. and 17 deg. 30 min. west longitude from Washington. It is about 240 miles long, and 228 miles broad, comprising an area of about 54,500 square miles, or 34,880,000 British statute acres. The population, in 1830, was 30,388; in 1840, 97,574, of which 19,935 were slaves. Of the free population, 42,211 were white males; 34,963 white females; 248 were coloured males; 217 coloured females. Employed in agriculture, 26,355; in commerce, 215; in manufactures and trades, 1173; navigating the ocean, three; navigating rivers, canals, &c., thirty-nine; learned professions, 301.

This state is divided into forty counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows:- Arkansas, 1346, C. Arkansas Post; Benton, 2228, C. Bentonville; Carroll, 2844, C. Carrollton; Chicot, 3806, C. Columbia; Clarke, 2809, C. Greenville; Conway, 2892, C. Lewisburg; Crawford, 4266, C. Van Buren; Crittenden, 1561, C. Marion; Desha, 1598, C. Belleville; Franklin, 2665, C. Ozark; Greene, 1586, C. Gainesville; Hempstead, 4921, C. Washington; Hot Springs, 1907, C. Hot Springs; Independence, 3669, C. Batesville; Izard, 2244, C. Athens; Jackson, 1540, C. Elizabeth; Jefferson, 2566, C. Pine Bluff; Johnson, 3433, C. Clarkesville; La Fayette, 2200, C. Lewisville; Lawrence, 2835, C. Smithville; Madison, 2775, C. Huntsville; Marion, 1325, C. Yellville; Mississippi, 1410, C. Osceola; Monroe, 936, C. Lawrenceville; Phillips, 3547, C. Helena; Pike, 969, C. Murfreesboro; Poinsett, 1320, C. Bolivar; Pope, 2850, C. Dover; Pulaski, 5350, C. Little Rock; Randolph, 2196, C. Pochahontas; St. Francis, 2499, C. Mount Vernon; Saline, 2061, C. Benton; Scott, 1694, C. Booneville; Searcy, 936, C. Lebanon; Sevier, 2810, C. Paraclifta; Union, 2889, C. Union C. H.; Van Buren, 1518, C. Clinton; Washington, 7148, C. Fayetteville; White, 929, C. Searcy; Bradley, C. Warren.

Towns.-Little Rock, on the south bank of the Arkansas, 300 miles from the Mississippi, 1065 miles from Washington, is the seat of government. It contains five places of worship, a state prison, two banks, an arsenal, land office, two printing offices, and about 2600 inhabitants. This state contains no other place ranking above a small village.

Soil.-In the eastern part of the state, bordering on the Mississippi and the rivers which fall into it, the country is low and swampy, with a heavy growth of timber, and is frequently overflowed. In the central part it is undulated and broken; and the Ozark mountains, rising sometimes to the height of 1000 or 2000 feet, cross the north-west part of the state. The Black hills rise north of the Arkansas, and the Washita hills north of the Washita river. The soil is of every variety, from the most productive to the most sterile, sandy, and rocky. On the margins of the rivers it is exceedingly fertile, beyond which the land is generally arid and unproductive. The numerous prairies are of great extent. In many parts there is a scarcity of water. Cotton and Indian corn are the staple productions; but the country is well adapted for rearing cattle. The buffalo, deer, elk, otter, beaver, rabbit, racoon, wild cat, catamount, wolf, bear, and wild geese, turkeys, and quails, abound. Near the centre of the state there are numerous hotsprings, the temperature of which sometimes rises nearly to the boiling point. Iron ore, gypsum, coal, and salt are found.

Live Stock and Agricultural Products.-In 1840, there were in this state 51,472 horses and mules; 188,786 neat cattle; 42,151 sheep; 393,058 swine; poultry to the value of 109,468 dollars. There were produced 105,878 bushels of wheat; 6219 bushels of rye; 4,846,632 bushels of Indian corn; 189,553 bushels of oats; 293,608 bushels of potatoes; 64,943 lbs of wool; 1079 lbs. of wax; 148,439 lbs. of tobacco; 5454 lbs. of rice; 6,028,642 lbs. of cotton; 1542 lbs. of sugar; 586 tons of hay; 1039 tons of hemp and flax. The products of the dairy were valued at 59,205 dollars; of the orchard, 10,680 dollars; of the forest, 176,617 dollars.-Official Returns.

Trade.-There were ten commercial and ten commission houses engaged in foreign trade, with a capital of 91,000 dollars; 263 retail dry goods and other stores, with a capital of 1,578,719 dollars; 263 persons employed in the lumber trade, with a capital of 12,220 dollars. The foreign trade of this state not being direct, is merged in that of other states, especially Louisiana.

Manufactures.-The value of home-made or family manufactures was 489,750 dollars; two cotton manufactories with ninety spindles, employed seven persons, and had a capital of 2125 dollars; seven persons produced 5500 bushels of bituminous coal, with a capital of 605 dollars; twenty-five persons produced 8700 bushels of salt, with a capital of 20,800 dollars; thirty persons produced granite and marble to the amount of 15,500 dollars; three persons produced hats and caps to the amount of 1400 dollars, with a capital of 400 dollars; thirty-seven tanneries employed seventy persons, and a capital of 43,510 dollars; 545 other manufactories of leather, as saddleries, &c., produced articles to the amount of 17,400 dollars, with a capital of 8830 dollars; fifty-one persons produced machinery to the amount of 14,065 dollars; sixty-six persons produced bricks

and lime to the amount of 319,696 dollars; six persons produced 142,775 lbs. of soap, and 16,541 lbs. of tallow candles, and 632 lbs. of wax or spermaceti candles, with a capital of 200 dollars; fifty-three distilleries produced 26,415 gallons, employing thirty-eight persons, and a capital of 10,205 dollars; fifteen persons produced carriages and waggons to the amount of 2675 dollars, with a capital of 1555 dollars; one powder mill made 400 lbs. of gunpowder, with a capital of 700 dollars; ten flouring mills produced 1430 barrels of flour, and with other mills employed 400 persons, producing articles to the amount of 330,847 dollars, and employing a capital of 288,257 dollars; forty-five persons manufactured furniture to the amount of 20,293 dollars, with a capital of 7810 dollars; twenty-one brick or stone houses, and 1083 wooden houses built, employed 1251 persons, and cost 1,141,174 dollars; nine printing offices, one bindery, three semi-weekly and six weekly newspapers, employed thirty-seven persons, and a capital of 13,100 dollars. The whole amount of capital employed in manufactures was 424,467 dollars.-Official Returns.

Climate. In the eastern part of the state, particularly in the country bordering on the rivers, and especially on the Arkansas, the climate is moist and unhealthy. But toward the middle and in the western part, the climate becomes healthy.

This state is well situated for interior trade and commerce, by means of its rivers, with the Mississippi. The Arkansas, the principal river, rises in the Rocky mountains, and flows with a broad and deep current through the state, in a south-eastwardly direction. It is navigable for steamboats, 300 miles to Little Rock; and in time of high water, 350 miles further to Fort Gibson, which is west of the limits of the state. The Red river passes through the south-west part of the state. The St. Francis, the White, and the Washita, are other important rivers.

Arkansas, an old French settlement on the Arkansas; Columbia and Helena on the Mississippi; Batesville on White river; Fayetteville in the north-west part of the state; and Fulton on Red river, are conveniently situated, but are not sufficiently populous to be considered more than villages, which will soon become populous towns.

Education. This state is too young to have done much for education in its higher departments. There is no college in this state. There were, in 1840, eight academies, with 300 students; and 113 common and primary schools, with 2614 scholars. There were 6567 white persons over twenty years of age, who could neither read nor write.-U. S. Gaz.

Religion. The Methodists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations though there are some Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Roman Catholics.

At the commencement of 1840, there was one bank with three branches, and a capital of 1,501,888 dollars, and a circulation of 301,310 dollars.

At the close of 1840, the state debt was 3,755,362 dollars. It was formed for establishing banks.

No lotteries can be established, or lottery tickets sold. No debtor can be imprisoned, without strong presumption of fraud. The legislature may establish one bank with branches, and one banking institution to promote the interests of agriculture. It cannot emancipate slaves without the consent of their owners. Slaves have the right of trial by jury, and suffer the same degree of punishment for a crime as white persons, and no other. Courts of justice are obliged to assign to slaves counsel for their defence.-U. S. Gaz.

Arkansas was a part of the Louisiana purchase. It was made a separate territory in 1819, and was admitted to the union in 1836. It derives its name from the great river which runs through it.

II. TENNESSEE.

TENNESSEE is bounded on the north by Kentucky; on the east by North Carolina; on the south by Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi; and on the west by the Mississippi river, which separates it from Arkansas and Missouri. It is situated between 35 deg. and 36 deg. 30 min. north latitude, and between 81 deg. 30 min. and 90 deg. 10 min. west longitude, and between 4 deg. 39 min. and 13 deg. 14 min. west from Washington. Its length is about 400 miles, and its mean breadth about 114 miles. Its area comprises 45,600 square miles, or about 29,184,000 British statute acres. The population, in 1790, was 35,691; in 1800, 105,602; in 1810, 261,727; in 1820, 422,813; in 1830, 681,904; in 1840, 829,210, of which 183,059 were slaves. Of the free population 325,434 were white males; 315,193 white females; 2796 free coloured males; 2728 free coloured females. Employed in agriculture, 227,739; in commerce, 2217; in manufactures and trades, 17,815; navigating the ocean, rivers, &c., 357, learned professions, 2042.— Official Returns.

This state is divided into seventy-two counties, which, with their population in 1840, and their capitals, were as follows: Eastern District—Anderson, 5658, C. Clinton; Bledsoe, 5676, C. Pikeville; Blount, 11,745, C. Marysville; Bradley, 7385, C. Cleveland; Campbell, 6149, C. Jacksborough; Carter, 5372, C. Elizabethtown; Claiborne, 9474, C. Tazewell; Cocke, 6992, C. New