In the Cape colonies, the Dutch peasants, the boors, feeling themselves oppressed by the English government, emigrated en masse, in 1837, to the north, where they settled with the Caffres, and, under their captain, Prætorius, founded an independent society [A. D. 1839] at Port Natal, where they again suffered a violent aggression on the part of the British.
Thus are Germans fruitlessly scattered far and wide over the face of the globe, whilst on the very frontiers of Germany nature has designated the Danube as the near and broad path for emigration and colonization to her overplus population, which, by settling in her vicinity, would at once increase her external strength and extend her influence.
particularly in that of Columbia, the birth-place of Martin van Burens, the present vice-president and future president of the republic. The state of Maryland numbers twenty-five thousand Germans possessed of votes; almost one-third of the population of Illinois is German, and thousands of fresh emigrants are settling in the valley of the Mississippi. I believe that the number of German voters or of voters of German descent may, without exaggeration, be reckoned on an average annually at four hundred thousand, and certainly in less than twenty years hence at a million. In the city of New York, the Germans greatly influence the election of the burgomaster and other city authorities by holding no fewer than three thousand five hundred votes. These circumstances naturally render the German vote an object of zealous contention for politicians of every party, and there is accordingly no dearth of German newspapers in any of the German settlements. In Pennsylvania, upwards of thirty German (principally weekly) papers are in circulation, and about an equal number are printed and published in the state of Ohio. A scarcely fewer number are also in circulation in Maryland."
ABEL, the usurper of Denmark, | Alani, their irruption into Spain, i.
ii. 6.
Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen,
succeeds to the regency of Henry
IV., i. 386.
Adalbert, bishop of Prague, i. 345,
349.
Adalgis, son of Desiderius, i. 225,
232.
Adelheid, queen of Otto I., i. 330,
348.
Adolf IV. of Holstein, wars of,
with the Danes, i. 522.
Adolf VII., Count von Berg, ii. 81,
82.
Adolf of Nassau, ii. 84; elected
emperor, by craft, 86; his cha-
racter, ib.; dethroned by Albert
von Habsburg, 88.
Ægidius elected king of the Salii,
i. 171.
Emilius defeats the Gæsatæ, i. 65.
Æneas Sylvius Piccolomini, ii. 184,
185.
Ætius, commands the Roman ar-
mies against Theodorich, i. 133;
against Attila, 139; his death,
142.
Agilulf, husband of Theodolinda,
i. 193.
Agnes, Countess von Mansfeld, ii
310, 311.
Agnes, empress of Henry III., i.
Agnes of Burgundy, empress of
Rudolf von Habsburg, ii. 80, 89.
Agrippa, Cornelius, von Nettesheim,
ii. 439.
Aistulf, king of Lombardy, i. 224-5.
2 G 2
Alaric, chief of the Goths, serves
in the imperial armies, i. 127;
elected king, 128; his invasion
of Greece, ib.; of Italy, 129;
takes Rome by storm, 130; death
and burial, 131.
Alaric, son of Eurich, i. 173.
Alatheus, a chief of the Ostrogoths,
i. 124, 128.
Alba, Duke of, ii. 273; his cruelties
in the Netherlands, 291-295.
Albert the Great, bishop of Ratis-
bon, ii. 33.
Albert the First, ii. 81; deceived
by Gerhard of Mayence, 86; de-
thrones Adolf of Nassau, 88;
leagues with Philip the Hand-
some, 89; seeks to acquire abso-
lute sovereignty, 91; rejected by
the Bohemians, 93; slain by his
nephew, ib.
Albert the Degenerate, of Meissen
and Thuringia, ii. 82, 83, 86.
Albert the Second, ii. 180; elected
Albrecht, archbishop of Magde- | Arcadius, emperor of the West, i.
Albrecht the Proud, i. 494.
Albrecht von Apeldern, bishop of
Yxküll, i. 534.
Alcuin, the Anglo-Saxon, i. 254.
Alemanni, the, i. 106; their war-
riors, 108.
Alexander, duke of Parma, ii. 291;
his successful campaigns in the
Netherlands, 300-302.
Alexander III., pope, i. 468, 475.
Alexander VI., pope, ii. 218.
Alexander I., emperor of Russia,
iii. 232; conference of Tilsit, 251;
of Erfurt, 256; breach with Na-
poleon, 306; the Russian cam-
paign, ib.; battle of Borodino,
314; burning of Moscow, ib.; re-
treat of the grand army, 315-
319; war of liberation, 319; ar-
mistice of Pleisswitz, 326; battle
of Leipzig, 331; advance of the
allied armies into France, 344;
capitulation of Paris, 350; con-
gress of Vienna, 352; return of
Napoleon,356; Holy Alliance,368
Alexius, emperor of Constantinople,
i. 414, 415, 417.
Allod, the, or freehold property of
the ancient Germans, i. 29.
Anabaptists, the, ii. 232, 233; their
extravagance at Munster, 256.
Anacharsis Cloots, iii. 160, 169.
Andreas Baumkirchner, ii. 195.
Andreas Doria, doge of Venice, ii.
247.
Angereau, Marshal, iii. 302.
Anglo-Saxons, their settlement in
Britain, i. 211.
Anna, Duchess of Courland, iii. 107,
108.
Anno, archbishop of Cologne, i. 383;
seizes upon the regency of the
empire, at the death of Henry
III., 385; his quarrel with the
city of Cologne, ib.; death, and
character, 386.
Antharis, king of the Longobardi, i.
192.
Antwerp, siege of, iii. 394.
Argobastes, chief of the Franks, i.
116, 127.
Arians, tenets of the, i. 148.
Ariovistus, defeated by Cæsar, i. 76.
Armagnacs, the, invasion of, ii. 186,
188.
Armin, his defeat of the Romans
under Varus, i. 85; under Ger-
manicus, 89; death, 93.
Arminius, proscription of his ad-
herents, ii. 306.
Arnheim, general of the Swedes,
ii. 363.
Arnold of Brescia, i. 449;
his death,
459.
Arnold von Winkelreid, ii. 146.
Arnulf, archbishop of Rheims, i.
349.
Arnulf, emperor of Germany, i. 299;
defeats the Normans, ib.; invades
Italy, 302; takes Rome by storm,
303; poisoned, ib.
Arnulf the Bad, i. 308-312, 314.
Artevelde, Jacob von, ii. 127.
Ataulph, son-in-law of Alaric, i. 130,
132; marries Placidia, 132.
Athanagild, king of the Visigoths,
i. 205.
Athanarich, prince of the Visigoths,
i. 123, 126, 127.
Attila, see Etzel.
Auerbeck, school of Painting of, iii.
440.
Augsburg, diet of, under Maximi-
lian, ii. 226; under Charles V.,
251; Confession of Augsburg,
252; Interim, 266.
Augustus, elector of Saxony, ii.
274, 284.
Augustus III., elector of Saxony,
iii. 19, 111.
Aurelian, his wars with the Goths,
i. 120.
Aurelius Marcus, war of, with the
Marcomanni, i. 105.
Aurora, Countess von Konigsmark,
iii. 18, 19.
Austerlitz, battle of, iii. 232.
Austria, composition of its empire,
iii. 416, 417; causes of its peace-
ful policy, 417; its army and go-
vernment, 417, 418; nobility and
clergy, 418; foreign policy, 419.
Avari, subdued by Charlemagne, i.
243-246.
BAJAZET, his invasion of Hungary,
ii. 145.
Balamir, prince of the Huns, i. 124.
Baldwin, Count of Flanders, i. 291.
Balthasar, Gerard, assassin of Wil-
liam of Orange, ii. 302.
Banner, General, ii. 353, 355; ra-
vages Saxony, 374; his masterly
retreat, 382.
Barbatius, defeated by the Ale-
manni, i. 110.
Barclay de Tolly, iii. 312.
Barneveldt, Olden, ii. 306; unjustly
sentenced to death, 307.
Basina, mother of Chlodwig the
Great, i. 171.
Basle, council of, ii. 176-179, 184.
Beatrice, daughter of Philip the
Gentle, i. 502, 503.
Beatrix, empress of Frederick Bar-
barossa, i. 461, 467, 474, 487.
Beguines of Liege, origin of, i. 508.
Bela, king of Hungary, i. 550.
Belgium, its separation from Hol-
land, iii. 390.
Belisarius, i. 181-183, 185, 190.
Benedict, founder of the Western
Monks, i. 153.
Benedict XIII., ii. 155, 159, 163.
Berengar II., i. 330, 336.
Bernadotte, General, iii. 217, 230;
elected king of Sweden, 305;
breach with Napoleon, 307, 308.
Bernard, Markgraf of Barcelona, i.
282-286.
Bernard von Weimar, see Weimar.
Bernhard, grandson of Charlemagne,
i. 280, 281.
Bernhard, St., preaches a crusade,
i. 451.
Berserkerwuth, a malady of the
ancient Germans, i. 19, 45.
Bertarit, king of Lombardy, i. 203,
204.
Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne,
i. 259.
Bertha, empress of Henry IV., i.
388, 392.
Berwick, Marshal, iii. 2, 10.
Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transyl-
vania, ii. 317; elected king of
Hungary, 321.
Bisinus, king of Thuringia, i. 171.
Black death, its appearance and
ravages, ii. 128.
Blake, Admiral, ii. 474.
Blücher, iii. 244, 245; assumes the
command of the Prussian forces,
in the war of liberation, 323, 331;
victory over Macdonald, 336;
battle of Leipzig, 331; entry into
France, 346, 348; reception in
England, 352; battles of Ligny
and Waterloo, 359; surrender of
Paris, 363.
Bohme, Jacob, ii. 409; his doc-
trines, 439.
Boetius, his imprisonment and
death, i. 169.
Bohemia, rise of the Reformation
in, ii. 159; Hussite war, 165-
181; extinction of the Reforma-
tion by Ferdinand II., 325, 326.
Bohemund, joins the crusades, i.
415; made prince of Antioch, 417.
Boii, their invasion of Italy, i. 63;
of Greece and Asia Minor, 64.
Bojorix, a chief of the Cimbri, i.
70, 74.
Boleslaw Chrobry of Poland, i. 353.
Bonaparte, Napoleon, iii. 193; takes
the command of the French forces
in Italy, 193, 194; his successful
campaign, 194, 195; defeats the
Archduke Charles, 196; armis-
tice of Campo Formio, 197; con-
ciliates Austria, 199; sails to
Egypt, 202; his return and dis-
solution of the Directory, 222;
victory of Marengo, ib. ; elected
emperor, 229; capitulation of
Ulm, 231; battle of Austerlitz,
232; Rhenish alliance, 235; bat-
tle of Jena, 242; enters Berlin,
245; battle of Eylau, 251; con-
tinental system, 254; invasion of
Spain, 255; renewal of the war
with Austria, 270; battle of Ess-
lingen, 271; Wagram, 272; an-
nexes Holland and East Friesland
to France, 295; his marriage with
Maria Louisa, 297; the Russian
campaign, 306; composition of
his army, 310; battle of Boro-
dino, 314; retreat of the grand
army, 315-319; war of libera-
tion, 319; armistice of Pleiss-
witz, 326; conference with Met-
ternich, 330; battle of Leipzig,
331; advance of the allied armies
into France, 344; capitulation of
Paris, 350; his abdication, ib.;
return from Elba, 356; Ligny,
Quatrebras, and Waterloo, 358;
flight, 364; exile and death, 367.
Boniface IX., ii. 148, 149.
Bonifacius, St., i. 224; his reli-
gious and political influence, 227
-229.
Borodino, battle of, iii. 314.
Brennus, his destruction of Rome,
i. 63.
Britomar, leader of the Gæsatæ,
i. 65.
Brühl, Count, minister of Augustus
III. of Saxony, iii. 19, 55, 111.
Brunehilda, the Princess, i. 195—
201.
Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, i.
332.
Burkhard d'Avesnes, i. 512, 551.
CÆSAR, on the ancient Germans,
i. 12, 18; his campaigns in Gaul,
77; on the Rhine, 78.
Calixtus II., pope, i. 434, 435.
Calvin, ii. 254; proscription of his
tenets in Germany, 282-286.
Camel, sultan of Egypt, i. 515,
Canisius of Nimwegen, ii. 274.
Capistrano, general of the Capu-
chins, ii. 190; saves Belgrade
from the Turks, 191.
Carinthia, ceremony attending the
election of the dukes of, i. 245.
Carlmann, son of Charles Martell,
i. 223.
Carlo Borromeo, ii. 274.
Carlovingians, the, i. 279-312.
Caroline Matilda, queen of Chris-
tian VII., iii. 104, 105.
Caroline, Princess of Brunswick,
iii. 382.
Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburgh
Culmbach, ii. 242, 248.
Caspar Schlick, chancellor of Sig-
mund, ii. 180; his character,
183.
Catharine von Habsburg, ii. 113.
Catharine, empress of Russia, iii.
80; invades Poland and Turkey,
81; character of her government,
109; instigates war with the
French republic, 159; regains
possession of Poland, 175.
Cathedrals of the middle ages, ii.
37, 452.
Cava, daughter of Count Julian, i.
207.
Charietto, first prefect of the Salic
Franks, i. 115.
Charles Martell, i. 219–222.
Charlemagne, his marriage and di-
vorce, i. 229; seizes upon the
throne of France, 229; grandeur
of his policy, 230; annexes to his
empire the kingdom of Lom-
bardy, 231; his wars for the
subjugation of the Saxons, 233-
239; against the Moors in Spain,
240;
in Bavaria, 241; with the
Slavi, 242; with the Avari, 243;
with the Normans, 246; extent
of his empire, 247; its consti-
tution, and government, 249;
discipline of the church, 252;
state of learning, commerce, and
manufactures, 254; his personal
appearance and habits, 257; his
children, 258; death and burial,
259; poetical and legendary re-
nown, 260.
Charles the Bald, king of France,
i. 282-291.
Charles the Thick, i. 296-298.
Charles the Simple, i. 314.
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