were Peace and Plenty, Chrusos and Argurion (Gold and Silver), Pomona and Ceres; the nine Muses (performed by nine choristers of St. Paul's); and the seven Liberal Arts, Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Music, Arithmetic, Geometry, and Astrology.

As the King passed St. Paul's, an anthem was sung, to the music of loud instruments, by the choristers, who were placed on the lower battlements; after which a Latin speech was delivered, at the door of the School, by one of Master Mulcaster's scholars.

In Fleet Street, which Dekker calls "the long and beauteous gallery of the City," was erected, above the conduit, another Arch, ninety feet in height. In the midst of the building was a large moving globe; and there were personifications of Astrea, Virtue, Fortune, Envy; the four Cardinal Virtues, Justice, Fortitude, Temperance, and Prudence; the four Kingdoms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland; and the four Elements. Within the globe, on steps, were placed all the states of the land, from the nobleman to the ploughman: the speaker was Zeal, who delivered a long poetical speech, written by Thomas Middleton.

The last Arch at Temple Bar represented a Temple of Janus. The principal character was Peace, having war grovelling at her feet; by her stood Wealth; below sat the four handmaids of Peace, Quiet treading on Tumult; Liberty treading on Servitude; Safety on Danger; and Felicity on Unhappiness. The speaking was a poetical dialogue between ths Flamen Martialis and the Genius Urbis, written by Ben Jonson.

Here all the pageantry had ceased on former occasions; but, the suburbs about the Strand having now greatly increased, the inhabitants were stimulated to evince their loyalty by an additional pageant, or "Pegme,-a work thought on, begun, and perfected in twelve days." The invention was a Rainbow, the Moon, Sun, and Pleiades, advanced between two magnificent pyramids, of seventy feet in height, on which were drawn the King's pedigrees, through the English and Scottish monarchs. A speech, composed by Ben Jonson, was delivered by Electra.

XXX. XXXI. KING JAMES THE FIRST, 1607.

[Abridged from the full accounts in Nichols's Progresses of James the First.]

On the 12th of June, the King came privately to dine at the house of Sir John Watts, then Lord Mayor; and after dinner condescended to go into Clothworkers' Hall near adjoining, and enroll himself a freeman of that Company. He made this speech before his departure: "Now I drink unto all my good brethren the Clothworkers; and I pray God to bless them all, and all good clothwearers; and for proof of our especial favour to this fraternitie, and for their increase of mutual amity, I do here give unto this Company two brace of bucks yearly, for ever, against the time of the election of the Master and Wardens of this Society."

It is probable that the Company of Merchant Taylors, which had already numbered among its fraternity seven Kings of England (all in succession from Richard the Second to Henry the Seventh, except the boy Edward V.), felt considerably mortified when they found that Sir John Watts had unexpectedly prevailed on the King to become a Clothworker. However, they prevailed upon the King to pay them an early visit; and anticipated the honour of having the next Sovereign on their books, by taking early possession of the name of the youthful heir-apparent, Henry Prince of Wales. This was on the 16th of July.

The Lord Mayor attended at the Hall gate to receive his Majesty; which having done, he retired to his own house, and attended again at the King's departure. The King dined in a large upper room, anciently called the King's Chamber; the Prince in the great hall. They were presented after dinner, the King with a purse containing £100, and the Prince with a purse containing £50. The Prince was

then made free of the Company, together with the Duke of Lennox, eleven Earls, and other nobility; the King observing the ceremonies, and those of the election of a new Master and Wardens, from a window made for that purpose. Ben Jonson was employed to write a poetical address, which was delivered by a very proper child, clothed like an angel of gladness, with a taper of frankincense in his hand. It consisted of seventeen verses, but a copy has not been preserved. The celebrated musician Dr. Bull, and the choristers from the King's Chapel, were also engaged; six lutanists sat in a window on each side the hall; and in mid-air was suspended a gallant ship, containing three rare singing men. In a volume on "God Save the King," published in 1822 by Mr. Clark of the Chapel Royal, it was contended that the national anthem was first produced on this occasion; that the words were written by Ben Jonson, and the music by Dr. Bull. But the music of Dr. Bull's "God save the King" was afterwards found by the late Dr. Kitchiner, and it proved to be a long voluntary for the organ, with twenty-six different bases! (See the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. xcv. i. 206.)—The full particulars of this entertainment will be found in Nichols's Progresses, &c. vol. ii. pp. 136-143.

XXXII. KING CHARLES THE FIRST, 1633. [Whitelocke's Memorials, and Chauncy's History of Hertfordshire.]

At the Coronation of Charles the First, the prevalence of the Plague formed an excuse for omitting the usual procession through London; but the real reason was to avoid the expense, or, as we find it stated by one authority, "to save the charges for more noble undertakings," by which was meant the war with Spain.

At Christmas, 1633, after the King's first visit to Scotland, his return to London was celebrated by the Inns of Court in a

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Masque which cost the enormous sum of £21,000. The Parliamentarian annalist, Whitelocke, has dwelt with evident pleasure on the reminiscences of this "dream" of his youth, for the arrangement of which he was one of the committee; and a long description of it will be found in his "Memorials." Queen Henrietta-Maria desired the exhibition should be repeated; and it was agreed that the City should then partake of the festivity. The scene was in consequence changed from Whitehall to that of the Merchant Taylors, where, after the grotesque procession was concluded, their Majesties were feasted by Sir Ralph Freeman, the Lord Mayor.

XXXIII. THE SAME, 1641-2.

[The four following Tracts were published descriptive of this entertain

ment:

1. "

'England's Comfort, and London's Joy: Expressed in the Royall, Triumphant, and Magnificent Entertainment of our Dread Soveraigne Lord, King Charles, at his blessed and safe returne from Scotland, on Thursday the 25 of Novem. 1641, by the Right Honourable Richard Gurney, Esquire, Lord Major, with the Right Worshipful Knights, Aldermen, and Sheriffes, and Companies of the famous City of London. Together with the manner and forme how the state is to bee observed and performed by the severall Companies on horseback and foot; for the conducting of his Majesty, the Queene, the Prince, and all the Royall Progeny to the Guildhall, London, to Dinner; and from thence to his Majesties Palace at Whitehall. Also the severall Speeches and other Verses presented to his sacred Person at that time." 4to. pp. 8, with a coarse woodcut of the King on horseback, and three others of various parts of the procession. A copy is in the library of Sir Francis Freeling, Bart. F.S.A. One was sold in Mr. Rhodes's library in 1825 for 61. 88. 6d. to Mr. Jolley. A second edition was published after the day, having this insertion in the title: "Sir Richard Gurney, Knt. Lord Major, and the Recorder, Sir Thomas Gardner, who were at that present both knighted, who attended his Majesty with the others," &c. Of this there is a copy in the Althorp library. The author's name is supposed to have been John Taylor.

2. "King Charles his Entertainment, and London's Loyaltie, being a true Relation and Description of the manner of the Cities Welcome, and expression of the Subjects' love to his Royal Majestie, at his Return

from Scotland. Likewise the Time and Place where the Lord Major and his brethren the Aldermen of this glorious Cittie, with the rest of the Companies, meet and conduct his Royall Majestie to the Guildhall to a stately Feast. And afterwards to his Pallace of Westminster, there to solace himself. Likewise a Copie of Verses congratulating the King's Return, by J. H. God save the King! London, printed for John Greensmith. 1641." 4to. pp. 6. Copies in the libraries of the British Museum and Sir Francis Freeling.

3. "Ovatio Carolina; the Triumph of King Charles; or the triumphant manner and order of receiving his Majesty into his City of London, Thursday 25th November, 1641; upon his return safe and happy from Scotland." 4to. Among Mr. Gough's books at the Bodleian library. 4. "Five Speeches spoken to his Majesty returning out of Scotland, with the description of what Honourable Triumphs His Majesty did ride into London." 4to. In the library of Sir Francis Freeling.

The proceedings will also be found described at length in Stowe's Surve and Maitland's History of London.]

Among the most important of the preliminary arrangements was that of providing a road for their Majesties into the city for the way from Kingsland to Shoreditch was impassable, "in regard of the depth and foulness of it." A temporary approach was in consequence made across the meadows, in a line from Moorfields to Baumes near Kingsland, "a retiring house of Sir George Whitmore," who was then one of the Aldermen ; the banks being thrown down, and bridges fourteen feet wide thrown over the ditches. The previous night being rainy, and the morning gloomy and cloudy, the Lord Mayor commanded his tent to be pitched in the field, where his Lordship and principal citizens, with some of the nobility, reposed themselves until their Majesties came.

At eight o'clock in the morning the Knights of the Grey Cloak, Mr. Recorder, and the rest of the Aldermen, the City Council, and chief officers, as the Town Clerk, Common Serjeant, and the Remembrancer, attended the Lord Mayor at his house in the Old Jewry, from whence they went in a procession through Moorgate.

In Moorfields waited about five hundred horsemen, being the Masters, Wardens, and prime men of each company, in

* This old mansion is still standing; there is a view of it in the European Magazine for Dec. 1810.

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